So komayare a wɔde awo obi betumi aba wɔ mpanyin afe so? (Adult Congenital Heart Disease - ACHD) Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm!

So woate komayare a wɔde awo obi, tebea a ebetumi aba wɔ mpanyin afe so ho asɛm pɛn? Ebia wubesusuw sɛ, ‘Oo, ɛno yɛ biribi a yebetumi ahu ho asɛm bere a yɛyɛ mmofra.’ Nanso ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na ɛte saa. Koma mu haw ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a wɔwo yɛn, nanso ɛda sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow adi bere a yɛrenyin nkutoo, anaasɛ yɛanya bi pɛn nanso efi ase ka yɛn wɔ ɔkwan soronko so wɔ mpanyin afe so. Ɛno na yɛrebɛka ho asɛm nnɛ.

Dɛn ne komayare a wɔde awo obi a efi mpanyimfo mu (ACHD)?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, komayare a wofi awo mu fi mpanyimfo mu (anaasɛ ACHD, sɛnea nnuruyɛfo frɛ no) yɛ tebea horow kuw bi a ɛka wo koma nhyehyɛe, biribi a wɔde wo wo. Asɛmfua "congenital" kyerɛ sɛ sintɔ no ba bere a woda so ara nyin sɛ awotwaa wɔ awotwaa mu na ɛwɔ hɔ wɔ awo mu. Saa tebea horow yi ka ɔkwan a mogya fa wo koma mu. Yɛsan frɛ eyinom "koma mu dɛmdi a wɔde awo wɔn."

Saa komayare yi bi betumi ayɛ nea emu nyɛ den koraa, nanso afoforo nso betumi ayɛ nea emu yɛ den yiye. Ɛdenam komayare ko a ɛwɔ ne sɛnea emu yɛ den so no, ebia nnipa binom renhu sɛnkyerɛnne biara kosi sɛ wɔbɛyɛ mpanyimfo. Ebia afoforo nnya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara da. Na afoforo nso wɔ hɔ a, sɛ wɔsaa wɔn yare saa tebea horow yi bere a na wɔyɛ mmofra mpo a, wobetumi anya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne sɛ nea ɛtra hɔ kyɛ wɔ mpanyin afe so.

Nanso asɛmpa bi wɔ hɔ . Esiane sɛ wɔanya nkɔso wɔ yare a wohu ne ayaresa mu nti, nnipa a wɔwɔ ACHD nkwa nna akɔ soro kɛse. Nnipa a wohu sɛ wɔwɔ ACHD bere a wɔyɛ mmofra no mu bɛboro 90% tra ase kodu mpanyin afe so . Sɛ́ ebia wohu sɛ wowɔ ACHD bere a woyɛ abofra anaasɛ ɔpanyin no, ɛho hia sɛ wokae sɛ wubehia ayaresa a wode bɛhwɛ wo nkwa nna nyinaa na ama woatumi ahwɛ wo tebea no so.

Koma no afã horow bɛn na ACHD betumi aka?

Afei momma yɛnhwɛ koma no afã horow a saa tebea yi betumi aka, `ACHD`. Fa wo koma sɛ afiri ketewaa bi, nanso ɛho hia paa. Koma no afã atitiriw pii wɔ eyi mu:

• Mogya ntini: Eyinom ne nneɛma a ɛte sɛ nsukorade a ɛde mogya fi wo koma mu kɔ wo nipadua mu na ɛsan kɔ wo koma mu. Ntini ahorow no de mogya a oxygen pii wom fi wo koma mu kɔ wo nipadua mu ntini ahorow mu. Ntini no de mogya a oxygen nnim san kɔ wo koma mu.
• Koma mu adan: Saa adan yi na ɛhwɛ sɛnea wo koma bɔ ne mogya a ɛkɔ so no so. Pia abien a ɛwɔ soro (anifa ne benkum atria) ne ase adan abien (nifa ne benkum ventricles) na ɛwɔ hɔ. Wɔde ntini fasu (septum) na ɛtetew saa adan yi mu.
• Koma mu ntini: Wo koma no wɔ ntini anan. Eyinom te sɛ apon a ɛboa ma mogya kɔ ɔkwan biako pɛ so. Saa valve ahorow yi yɛWɔn ne `aortic valve`, `mitral valve`, `ahurututu mu valve`, ne `tricuspid valve` .

Enti, wɔ `ACHD` mu no, mfomso betumi aba wɔ saa afã horow yi mu biara mu.

Dɛn ne ACHD ahorow atitiriw?

Afei momma yɛnhwɛ `ACHD` ahodoɔ titire no. Ebia eyinom bɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ aduruyɛ kakra, nanso mɛkyerɛkyerɛ mu kɛkɛ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubetumi ate ase.

Mogya ntini mu sintɔ

Ɛtɔ da bi a, wo mogya ntini betumi ayɛ teateaa dodo wɔ mmeae bi. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wo koma yɛ adwumaden kɛse na ama woatumi abɔ mogya. Anaasɛ, ntini ahorow no betumi ayɛ nea ɛnteɛ, na ama mogya a oxygen nnim akɔ nipadua no mu na mogya a oxygen pii wom asen akɔ ahurututu no mu. Mogya ntini mu sintɔ a ɛtaa ba ne:

• Aortic coarctation (aorta no a ɛyɛ teateaa) .
• Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (mogya ntini bi a anka ɛsɛ sɛ wɔto mu wɔ awo akyi no da so ara bue) .
• Ahurututu mu ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw
• `Transposition of the great arteries` (ntini atitiriw abien a efi koma no mu no nsakrae) .
• `Anomalous pulmonary venous return` (ahurututu mu ntini a ɛka bom wɔ beae a ɛnteɛ) .

Koma mu ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw

Wo koma ntini ahorow no betumi ayɛ teateaa dodo, ɛnyɛ nea ɛto mu yiye, atoto koraa, anaasɛ asɛe. Saa tebea horow yi ma ɛyɛ den ma wo koma sɛ ɛbɛbɔ mogya atwa wo nipadua ho ahyia. Koma no mu ntini a ɛtɔ sin a ɛtaa ba ne:

• `Bicuspid aortic valve disease` (nkratawa abien pɛ na ɛwɔ aortic valve no mu sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ abiɛsa a wɔtaa de di dwuma)
• `Ebstein anomaly` (mfomso a emu yɛ den wɔ tricuspid valve no mu) .
• Mitral valve a ɛhwe ase (MVP) .

Septal mu sintɔ ahorow

Eyinom yɛ ntokuru a ɛwɔ ntini fasu (`septum`) a ɛda koma no atifi adan abien (atria) anaa ase adan abien (mitra) ntam. Eyi ma mogya a oxygen pii wom a efi ahurututu mu no frafra mogya a oxygen nnim a efi nipadua no mu. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebia mogya a efi koma no mu no sua sen sɛnea ɛte daa. `Septal defects` a ɛtaa ba ne:

• Atrial septal defect (ASD) (tokuru a ɛwɔ ɔfasu a ɛda atria ntam) .
• Patent foramen ovale (PFO) (tokuru ketewaa bi a ɛda ntini no ntam a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛto mu wɔ awo akyi) .
• Ventricular septal defect (VSD) (tokuru a ɛwɔ ɔfasu a ɛda ventricles ntam) .

Henanom na wobetumi anya ACHD?

Saa `ACHD` tebea yi betumi aba wɔ nnipa a wɔyɛ bɔbeasu, mfe, anaa abusuakuw biara mu. Nanso, tebea horow bi, sɛ nhwɛso no `Atrial septal defect (ASD)` , `Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)` , ne `Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)`, abu so kɛse wɔ mmea mu. Afei nso, `Aortic coarctation` , `Tetralogy a ɛwɔ Fallot mu`(Eyi nso yɛ koma mu dɛmdi anan a ɛyɛ den a wɔaka abom) ne tebea horow te sɛ `Transposition of the great arteries` abu so kɛse wɔ mmarima mu.

Ade foforo ne sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ awosu mu yare ahorow bi, sɛ nhwɛso no , Down syndrome anaa Turner syndrome , taa nya komayare a wɔde awo wɔn yi bi.

Wɔ United States nkutoo no, wɔbɔ amanneɛ sɛ mpanyimfo bɛyɛ ɔpepem 1.4 na wɔwɔ ACHD. Wɔkyerɛ sɛ nnipa dodow a wɔwɔ ACHD no kɔ soro bɛyɛ 5% afe biara. Nnipa pii wɔ hɔ a wɔwɔ tebea horow a ɛte saa wɔ Sri Lanka, nanso ebia wɔanhu wɔn yiye, anaasɛ ebia wɔsaa wɔn yare wɔ wɔn mmofraase na wɔantumi anhwɛ wɔn animtiaa wɔ wɔn mpanyin afe so esiane nimdeɛ a wonni nti.

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛde ACHD ba?

Nhwehwɛmufo da so ara nnim nea ɛde ACHD ba ankasa. ACHD tebea horow bi betumi akɔ so wɔ mmusua mu (kyerɛ sɛ, wobetumi anya afi awo mu). Wɔtaa hu ACHD sɛ ɛne awosu mu nyarewa anaa ɔhaw ahorow te sɛ Down syndrome ne Turner syndrome ka ho.

Afei nso, sɛ ɛna no nya tebea horow bi wɔ nyinsɛn mu a, ebetumi aba sɛ akokoaa no benya ACHD kɛse. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Sɛ ɛna no nya rubella anaa influenza (atiridii) wɔ nyinsɛn no asram abiɛsa a edi kan no mu a.
• Sɛ ɛna no wɔ `asikreyare a ɛto so 1` anaa `asikreyare a ɛto so abien` a .
• Sɛ wonom nnuru bi ma nneɛma te sɛ akisikuru, adwenemhaw, anaa akisikuru a.
• Sɛ wonom nnuru a wɔde kum ɛyaw te sɛ ibuprofen wɔ nyinsɛn adapɛn 30 mu anaa ɛno akyi a.

Nea ɛho hia: Eyi nkyerɛ sɛ sɛ saa nneɛma yi si a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ akokoaa no benya komayare. Eyinom yɛ nneɛma a ɛma asiane no yɛ kɛse nkutoo. Ɛho hia paa sɛ wudi nnuruyɛfo afotu akyi bere a wonyinsɛn no.

Dɛn ne ACHD ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?

ACHD ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ onipa biara ho. Egyina nneɛma te sɛ mfe a woadi, komayare dodow a wowɔ, sɛnea wo komayare no mu yɛ den, ne ACHD ko a wowɔ so.

Nnipa binom a wɔwɔ ACHD nkyerɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara . Nanso sɛ woyɛ saa a, ebia nea ɛka ho ne:

• Nnadewa, anofafa, ne honam ani kɔla a ɛsakra bruu (cyanosis). Eyi fi oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu a ɛso tew.
• Adwene a ɛyɛ basaa.
• Ɔbrɛ, titiriw ɔbrɛ a wobɛte nka ntɛm bere a woayɛ adwuma ketewaa bi mpo awie no.
• Koma nnyigyei a ɛnteɛ a wɔte (`koma mu nwiinwii`). Eyi yɛ biribi a oduruyɛfo betumi ate bere a ɔde `stethoscope` retie no.
• Koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm anaasɛ ɛnteɛ (koma a ɛbɔ denneennen). Ebia wobɛte nka sɛ ɔkwan a wo koma bɔ no asesa.
• Koma a ɛbɔ daa (arrhythmia).
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den (dyspnea).
• Asen, anan, anaa nsa a ɛho ahonhon (edema).

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wo ne oduruyɛfo kasa fa ho.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ ɔwɔ ACHD?

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo a ɔwɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi nkyɛn a, obedi kan abisa wo wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, sɛ ebia w’abusua mu obi anya komayare, ne w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm. Afei, wɔbɛyɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu na wɔde afiri a wɔde tie asɛm atie wo koma.

Bio nso, oduruyɛfo no betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow pii de akyerɛ sɛ ACHD tebea no yɛ nokware:

• Koma mu catheterization: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde eyi di dwuma sɛ ayaresa. Wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu no, wɔde afiri a ɛyɛ tratraa (catheter) bi fa mogya ntini bi a ɛwɔ w’asen mu kɔ wo koma mu.
• `Chest X-ray` (koko mu X-ray nhwehwɛmu).
• Echocardiogram (echo): Eyi te sɛ koma no mu ultrasound scan. Etumi hwɛ sɛnea koma no te ne sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma.
• Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG): Eyi kyerɛ sɛnea koma no mu anyinam ahoɔden yɛ adwuma.
• Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ mu adwennwen sɔhwɛ: Eyi sɔ sɛnea wo koma yɛ n’ade bere a woteɛteɛ w’apɔw mu no hwɛ.
• `Koma MRI` (Koma MRI scan) ne `Koma CT scan` (Koma CT scan). Eyinom betumi anya koma no ho mfonini a ɛkɔ akyiri.
• Pulse oximetry: Eyi kyerɛ oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu. Wɔde biribi te sɛ ade a wɔde kyekyere nsateaa anaa aso ho na esusuw.
• Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE): Eyi te sɛ echo test, nanso wɔde ultrasound probe fa menewa no mu na wɔhwehwɛ mu wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn koma no.

Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi ma oduruyɛfo no nya wo tebea no ho ntease a emu da hɔ.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa ACHD?

Ebia komayare nketenkete bi a wonya fi awo mu no renhia ayaresa biara . Nanso, ɛsɛ sɛ woda so ara kɔ koma ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn kɔhwɛ wo koma daa na ama woahwɛ ahu sɛ wo tebea no renyɛ kɛse.

ACHD ayaresa gyina tebea no ko ne sɛnea emu yɛ den so. Nea ɛne eyi hyia no, wobetumi de ayaresa a edidi so yi adi dwuma:

• Nnuru: Nnuru bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aboa wo koma ma ayɛ adwuma yiye. Nhwɛsoɔ:
• ACE inhibitors ne calcium channel blockers (eyinom nso boa ma wɔhwɛ mogya mmoroso so).
• Anticoagulants (nnuru a ɛmma mogya ntumi nkɔ).
• Beta-blockers (ɛhwɛ koma a ɛbɔ so).
• Nsu aduru (diuretics) (ɛtew nsu a ɛboaboa ano wɔ nipadua no mu a ɛho nhia so).
• Koma mfiri a wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu: Ebia wo duruyɛfo de afiri a ɛma wo koma bɔ denneennen anaasɛ cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) a wotumi de hyɛ mu de siesie koma a ɛbɔ a ɛnteɛ (arrhythmia).
• Koma mu catheterization: Sɛnea madi kan aka no, wobetumi de eyi adi dwuma sɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so hu yare ne ayaresa nyinaa. Wɔde siesie sintɔ ahorow te sɛ atrial septal defects (ASD). Wobetumi nso de atrɛw ntini a ayɛ teateaa (angioplasty) anaa ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (valvotomy) mu denam balloon ketewaa bi a wɔde fa catheter no mu so.
• Oprehyɛn: Oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn betumi asiesie wo koma ntini biako anaa nea ɛboro saa (koma mu ntini oprehyɛn) anaasɛ ɔde foforo asi ananmu. Eyi betumi ayɛ koma a wɔabue mu oprehyɛn anaasɛ koma mu oprehyɛn a wɔmfa biribiara nhyɛ mu. Wɔyɛ koma oprehyɛn nso de siesie koma mu dɛmdi a ɛyɛ den kɛse a wɔde awo obi.
• Koma a wɔde si ananmu: Ebia nnipa a wɔwɔ komayare a emu yɛ den a ɛde wɔn nkwa to asiane mu a wofi awo mu no behia sɛ wɔde koma foforo ma koraa, nanso eyi yɛ ɔkwan a etwa to koraa.

Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen a ebetumi afi ACHD mu aba?

Nsɛnnennen bi a ebetumi aba esiane ACHD nti ne:

• Koma a ɛbɔ a ɛnteɛ (`Arrhythmia`).
• Ɔyare mmoawa a ɛba koma no mu ntini (endocarditis).
• Koma a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye (anaasɛ koma a ɛyɛ den).
• Ahurututu mu mogya mmoroso.
• Nnwodwoɔ.

Sɛ wɔanhu wo komayare a wowoo wo no ntɛm na wɔansa no ntɛm a, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya saa nsɛnnennen yi no yɛ kɛse.

Dɛn ne obi a ɔwɔ ACHD no anidaso?

Sɛ wowɔ ACHD a, w’adwene gyina komayare a wowo wo, sɛnea emu yɛ den, ne ayaresa a wɔde ma wo so. Nnipa dodow no ara a wɔsa wɔn yare yiye no tra ase sɛnea ɛsɛ, na wɔyɛ nnam. Enti biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wohaw wo ho wɔ ho, nanso ɛho hia sɛ wudi wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ akyi yiye.

Sɛ wowɔ ACHD a, wobɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ wo ho?

Sɛ wowɔ ACHD a, wubetumi ayɛ saa nneɛma yi de ahwɛ wo ho:

• Tra bra a ahoɔden wom. Didi yiye, nom no yiye, teɛteɛ w’apɔw mu (sɛnea wo duruyɛfo kyerɛ no), na kwati sigaretnom koraa.
• Ka kyerɛ wo nnuruyɛfo ne wo sẽ ho animdefo nyinaa sɛ wowɔ ACHD. Eyi ho hia yiye, efisɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wohu eyi bere a wɔresa wo yare no.
• Hwɛ komayare ho oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ ACHD ho daa sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobetumi ahwɛ wo tebea no.
• Ansa na wobɛyɛ aduruyɛ ne sẽ ho ayaresa no, sɛ wo koma ho oduruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ wo a, fa nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa.Wɔyɛ eyi de siw nyarewa te sɛ endocarditis ano.
• Hwɛ wo sẽ yiye na kɔ wo sẽ ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn daa. Eyi ho hia efisɛ sẽ mu yare betumi aka wo koma.
• Sɛ woreyɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wubenyinsɛn a, di kan ne wo duruyɛfo nka ho asɛm. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde ahwɛyiye soronko di nyinsɛn ho dwuma bere a wowɔ ACHD no.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara?

Sɛ wuhu saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi bi a, frɛ 911 anaa kɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo ntɛm ara. Eyinom betumi ayɛ komayare ho sɛnkyerɛnne:

• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den mpofirim anaasɛ ɛkɔ soro.
• Yafunu anaa nan ase a ɛho ahonhon mpofirim.
• Ɔbrɛ a ɛtra so a ɛyɛ soronko a ntease biara nnim.

Afei nso, sɛ wunya sɛnkyerɛnne foforo biara a ɛfa ACHD ho, anaasɛ ɛhaw wo wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne bi a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw ho a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.

Adeɛ a ɛho hia paa a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae firi deɛ yɛaka ho asɛm nnɛ no mu ne...

Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD) kyerɛ sintɔ ahorow a ɛwɔ wo koma nhyehyɛe mu a ɛwɔ hɔ bere a wɔawo wo. Eyinom betumi aka ɔkwan a mogya fa wo koma mu. Ebia wubenya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ ɔbrɛ, koma nnyigyei a ɛnteɛ, ne ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa, anaasɛ ebia wunni sɛnkyerɛnne biara koraa.

Nnuruyɛfo betumi de nnuru, koma a wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu, ne oprehyɛn asa yare yi. Sɛ wowɔ ACHD a emu nyɛ den a, ebia wunhia ayaresa. Nanso, ɛmfa ho sɛnea emu yɛ den no, ɛho hia sɛ wokɔ koma ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn daa kɔhwɛ wɔn. Kae sɛ nnipa pii a wɔwɔ ACHD bɔ asetra a ahoɔden wom, ɛyɛ ma, na wɔyɛ nnam. Enti mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu, di wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ akyi yiye, na hwɛ wo koma so yiye!

` Komayare, komayare a wɔde awo obi, mpanyimfo, koma, mogya ntini, koma ntini, sɛnkyerɛnne, ayaresa, ACHD, komayare a wɔde awo obi, koma oprehyɛn