Momma yensua kokoam adwene a ɛhwɛ calcium a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu so no ho ade: Parathyroid Hormone (PTH).

Yɛn nyinaa wɔ nnuru abɔfo nketewa a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ yɛn nipadua mu, a wonhu, na ama yɛanya apɔwmuden. Ɔbɔfo a wɔte saa no biako ne parathyroid hormone. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, saa hormone yi na ɛhwɛ calcium dodow a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu no so. Dɛn nti na ɛho hia saa? Efisɛ calcium ho hia na ama yɛn ntini, yɛn ntini, ne koma atumi ayɛ adwuma yiye.

Saa parathyroid hormone yi (Parathyroid Hormone - PTH) yɛ nea yɛn parathyroid ntini ahorow na ɛyɛ. Eyinom wɔ yɛn kɔn mu, wɔ thyroid ntini no akyi. Wɔyɛ ntini nketenkete anan paa. Wɔn adwuma titiriw ne sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ calcium dodow a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu no so . Kae sɛ ɛnyɛ calcium a ɛwɔ nnompe mu no, na mmom calcium a ɛwɔ mogya no mu. Bio nso, saa PTH yi nso boa ma wotumi di mineral phosphorus ne hormone vitamin D a ɛwɔ mogya ne nnompe mu no so.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na parathyroid hormone (PTH) yɛ adwuma?

Okay, afei momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea saa parathyroid hormone (PTH) yi yɛ adwuma. Sɛ wo mogya mu calcium dodow so tew a, parathyroid ntini no ma PTH fi adi. Ɛte sɛ sensor bi. Afei saa PTH yi kɔ na ɛka yɛn nipadua no afã horow pii ma calcium dodow no san kɔ soro.

• Nnompe: Nea edi kan no, wɔma yɛn nnompe no sɛnkyerɛnne kakra, na wɔka sɛ, ‘Ma calcium bi ngu mogya no mu.’ Afei wɔde calcium kakraa bi a efi nnompe no mu ka mogya no ho. Eyi mma nnompe no nyɛ mmerɛw, efisɛ eyi yɛ adeyɛ a wɔahyɛ so.
• Asaabo: Nea ɛto so abien no, ɛka yɛn asaabo. Biako ne sɛ asaabo no boa ma wɔyɛ vitamin D a ɛyɛ adwuma, a wɔfrɛ no calcitriol. Saa calcitriol yi boa nipadua no ma ɛtwe calcium fi aduan a yedi mu. Ade foforo nso ne sɛ ɛka kyerɛ asaabo no sɛ ‘wɔmma calcium no ntra nipadua no mu, mma nnyi mfi nsu mu’. Afei calcium no rensɛe.
• Dwontwaa Ketekete: Nea ɛto so abiɛsa, sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, vitamin D (Calcitriol) de sɛnkyerɛnne bi kɔ yɛn dwensɔtwaa ketewa no mu sɛ ɛbɛtwe calcium pii afi nnuan a yedi mu.

Saa na PTH yɛ adwuma ma calcium dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no kɔ so yɛ nea ɛfata denam nipadua no afã horow a enya so nkɛntɛnso no so. So eyi nyɛ adwinnade a ɛyɛ nwonwa?

Ɔkwan bɛn so na yɛn nipadua no di PTH dodow so?

Ɔkwan bɛn so na yɛn nipadua no di PTH dodow yi so? Ɛsan nso si wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ nwonwa yiye so. Wɔfrɛ no feedback loop . Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, sɛ calcium a ɛwɔ mogya no mu so tew a, parathyroid ntini no kanyan na ɛma PTH fi mu. Sɛ calcium a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no kɔ soro a, ɛkyerɛ ntini no sɛ ‘nnyae PTH yɛ mprempren, ɛdɔɔso’. Enti saa na wodi so. Ɛte sɛ motor a ɛwɔ ofie bi mu a ɛsɔ bere a nsu a ɛwɔ nsukorabea no mu no sua na ɛdum bere a nsukorabea no ayɛ ma no.

Nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ yɛn parathyroid ntini ahorow no mu a, ebia saa feedback loop yi rentumi nyɛ adwuma yiye, na ɛbɛma PTH pii anaasɛ kakraa bi aba. Ɛno na ɔhaw ahorow no fi ase.

Sɛ wɔhaw PTH dodow a, nyarewa bɛn na ebetumi aba?

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ akwahosan tebea horow a ebetumi aba sɛ wɔsɛe parathyroid hormone (PTH) dodow a.

Sɛ PTH dodow kɔ soro a, dɛn na ɛba? (Hyperparathyroidism) .

Sɛ PTH dodow kɔ soro dodo a, yɛfrɛ no hyperparathyroidism . Afei nneɛma atitiriw abien sisi:

• Calcium dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no kɔ soro . Wɔfrɛ eyi hypercalcemia.
• Phosphorus dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no so tew . Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ hypophosphatemia.

Fa no sɛ, PTH kɔ so yi calcium fi nnompe no mu kɔ mogya no mu, esiw asaabo no kwan sɛ ennyi calcium mfi mu, na ɛtwetwe pii fi aduan mu... na afei mogya no yɛ calcium ma, ɛnte saa? Eyi te sɛ paipu a asiw na nsu abu so.

Nneɛma pii betumi de tebea yi aba, te sɛ:

• Parathyroid Adenoma: Eyi nyɛ kokoram, nanso saa akisikuru yi ma ntini no yɛ PTH pii. Eyi ne ade a ɛtaa de ba.
• Parathyroid Hyperplasia: Ntini anan no nyinaa trɛw na ɛma nkwaadɔm pii.
• Asaabo mu Yare: Saa tebea yi betumi aba nnipa a wɔwɔ asaabo mu yare a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ mu titiriw. Efisɛ sɛ asaabo no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye a, vitamin D a wɔyɛ no so tew na phosphorus a ɛba no so tew. Eyi kanyan parathyroid ntini ahorow no ma ɛyɛ PTH pii.
• Parathyroid Cancer: Eyi ho yɛ na koraa, nanso ebetumi aba.

Sɛ PTH dodow so tew a, dɛn na ɛba? (Hypoparathyroidism) .

Sɛ PTH dodow sua a, wɔfrɛ no hypoparathyroidism . Afei nea ɛne eyi bɔ abira na ɛba:

• Calcium dodow a ɛba fam wɔ mogya mu. Wɔfrɛ eyi hypocalcemia.
• Phosphorus dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no kɔ soro . Wɔfrɛ eyi hyperphosphatemia.

Hypoparathyroidism yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi. Nsɛm dodow no ara (bɛyɛ 75%) fi parathyroid ntini a ɛsɛe anaasɛ woyi fi hɔ wɔ akwanhyia mu bere a wɔreyɛ kɔn oprehyɛn, titiriw thyroid oprehyɛn. Ebetumi nso afi awosu mu tebea horow bi ne autoimmune tebea horow – nyarewa a nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no tow hyɛ n’ankasa nkwammoaa so.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ wo PTH dodow no nyɛ nea ɛfata? Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no, PTH titiriw na ɛhwɛ calcium dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu so. Enti sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛba bere a PTH dodow sua anaasɛ ɛkɔ soro no yɛ calcium dodow a ɛba fam anaasɛ ɛkɔ soro wɔ mogya no mu ho sɛnkyerɛnne ankasa. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mogya mu calcium sua (Hypocalcemia):

Ebia wobɛte nneɛma a ɛte sɛɛ nka:

• Amemene mu sum anaa adwene a ɛyɛ basaa. Ebetumi ayɛ te sɛ nea sum akata wo ti so.
• Wora no yɛ nwunu, nnadewa no bubu ntɛmntɛm, na nwi no tew.
• Ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, titiriw wɔ nan ne abasa mu.
• W’ano, nsateaa anaa wo nan a ɛyɛ wo yaw.
• Nneɛma te sɛ dadwen ne adwenemhaw nso betumi aba.
• Wɔ tebea horow a emu yɛ den mu no, akisikuru betumi aba.

Fa no sɛ, Niluka tee nka mpofirim sɛ ne nsateaa ayɛ mmerɛw, na ɛyɛɛ n’ano, na nam a ɛwɔ ne nan so no fii ase yɛɛ kɔkɔɔ. Ɔtee nka sɛ ne ho nyɛ no dɛ koraa. Bere a ɔkɔɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn nkutoo na ohui sɛ calcium dodow a ɛwɔ ne mogya mu no so atew, na nea ɛde bae ne hypoparathyroidism.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mogya mu calcium dɔɔso (Hypercalcemia):

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛte sɛɛ betumi akyerɛ sɛ mogya mu calcium dɔɔso:

• Mete nka sɛ mabrɛ yiye, te sɛ nea minni ahoɔden biara (Ɔbrɛ). Ɛmfa ho sɛnea mɛda no, ɛte sɛ nea ɔbrɛ no nkɔ.
• Tipaeɛ.
• Nkwaa mu yaw ne nnompe mu yaw.
• Ɛho hia sɛ wɔtow nsu mpɛn pii na sukɔm de no.
• Nneɛma te sɛ yafunu a ɛyɛ yaw, akisikuru, ɔfe, ne akisikuru.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wode w’adwene besi biribi so, sɛ wobɛkae ade yiye, na woayɛ basaa.
• Wɔ tebea horow a emu yɛ den mu no, asaabo mu abo ne koma a ɛbɔ a ɛnteɛ betumi aba.

Sɛ nhwɛso no, na Onua Saman ate nka sɛ wabrɛ paa nna kakraa bi, na na ne nkwaa reyɛ yaw. Ná sukɔm de no bere nyinaa na na ɛsɛ sɛ ɔkɔ aguaree. Bere a oduruyɛfo no hwɛɛ no ​​no, wɔka kyerɛɛ no ​​sɛ ne mogya mu calcium dɔɔso kakra. Ná ɔwɔ hyperparathyroidism a ɛma mogya tu.

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wote nka sɛ wo mogya mu calcium dodow sua anaasɛ ɛkɔ soro a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn . Mma wo werɛ mmfi saa asɛm no. Eyinom nyɛ sɛnkyerɛnne pa a ɛsɛ sɛ wobu ani gu so.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobɛhwɛ PTH dodow?

Wo duruyɛfo betumi de mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den ahwɛ sɛnea wo parathyroid hormone dodow te . Nnuruyɛfo ne nhwehwɛmubea ahorow frɛ sɔhwɛ yi “PTH, intact.” Wɔtaa hwɛ sɛnea calcium, phosphorus, ne vitamin D wɔ wo mogya mu nso na ama woanya mfonini a edi mũ.

Dɛn ne gyinapɛn ahorow a ɛfata ma PTH dodow?

Wɔ PTH mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔtaa yɛ mu no, dodow a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden mu no yɛ picogram 15 kosi 65 wɔ mililita biara mu (pg/mL) . Picogram yɛ gram nkyem ɔpepepem biako. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ dodow ketewaa bi na ɛyɛ adwuma a ɛho hia yi wɔ yɛn nipadua mu.

Nanso ade biako a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛma ɛtra yɛn adwenem ne sɛ saa gyinapɛn ahorow a ɛfata yi betumi ayɛ soronko kakra wɔ lab biara mu. Enti, ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ baabi a ɛfata ma saa lab no bere nyinaa wɔ wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu amanneɛbɔ no so.

Sɛ woyɛ PTH nhwehwɛmu a, wo duruyɛfo na ɔbɛkyerɛ nea ebefi mu aba no ase pɛpɛɛpɛ. Ɔde bɛtoto wo calcium dodow ho na waka akyerɛ wo sɛ ebia nhwehwɛmu foforo ho hia anaa.

Enti, nneɛma bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fi eyinom nyinaa mu?

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) yɛ hormone a ɛho hia yiye a ɛhwɛ calcium dodow a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu so pɛpɛɛpɛ. Saa calcium dodow yi ho hia na ama yɛn ntini, ntini, ne koma no ayɛ adwuma yiye.

Sɛ wowɔ hypercalcemia (mogya mu calcium a ɛdɔɔso) anaa hypocalcemia (mogya mu calcium a ɛba fam) ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ ntini mu haw ahorow, nsakrae a ɛba w’adwene mu dwumadi mu, ɔbrɛ a ɛtra so, ne nnompe mu yaw a, ɛho hia sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛfo a worenkyɛ. Sɛ tebea horow yi kɔ so a, ebetumi asɛe asaabo, koma, ne nnompe.

Wo duruyɛfo betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu kakraa bi a ɛnyɛ den de ahu sɛ ebia wo parathyroid hormone dodow na ɛde ba anaa. Sɛ saa a, wobetumi afi ayaresa ase ntɛm ara. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wobetumi de nnuru adi ɔhaw ahorow yi ho dwuma, na ɛtɔ mmere bi nso a, wɔde oprehyɛn nketenkete bi. Enti, wo nipadua a wobɛhwɛ so, ate nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛde ma no ase, na woadi ho dwuma ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so anya apɔwmuden.

` Parathyroid hormone, PTH, calcium, hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia