So wote nka sɛ woabrɛ bere nyinaa? So wo ho yɛ fitaa na wo honam ani yɛ kɔkɔɔ? Anaasɛ obi wɔ w’abusua mu a ɔwɔ mogya mu yare a wonya fi awo mu? Wɔ mmere a ɛte sɛ eyinom mu no, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ wo sɛ wɔnyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu titiriw bi. Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu titiriw a ɛho hia yiye a ɛte saa no biako a yɛreka ho asɛm nnɛ no, wɔfrɛ no Hemoglobin Electrophoresis. Ɛwom sɛ ebia edin no bɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra de, nanso nea ɛyɛ no yɛ mmerɛw yiye. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea ɛyɛ, nea enti a wɔyɛ, ne nea yebetumi asua afi mu.
Dɛn ne Hemoglobin Electrophoresis?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Hemoglobin Electrophoresis yɛ nhwehwɛmu titiriw a wɔyɛ wɔ aduruyɛdan mu a ɛhwɛ hemoglobin ahorow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ mu, ne dodow a emu biara wɔ mu.
Okay, afei worebisa sɛ, "Dɛn ne hemoglobin yi?" Fa no sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu no te sɛ lɔre nketewa a wɔde nneɛma kɔma nkurɔfo. Afei hemoglobin ne ‘ɔbarima a ɔde nneɛma kɔma’ a ɔte saa lɔre no mu, na ɔfa mframa pa akuwakuw fi ahurututu no mu na ɔkyekyɛ kɔ nipadua no mu nkwammoaa foforo biara mu . Sɛ ‘ɔbarima a ɔde nneɛma ma’ yi reyɛ adwuma yiye nkutoo na yebetumi anya mframa pa a ɛdɔɔso akɔ yɛn nipadua no fã biara.
Nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a, esiane awosu mu nneɛma nti, protein a wɔfrɛ no hemoglobin yi kɔ nsakrae anaa sintɔ ahorow bi mu. Afei saa ‘ɔbarima a ɔde nneɛma kɔma’ yi fi ase yɛ n’ade wɔ ɔkwan soronko so kakra. Esiane hemoglobin a asɛe yi nti, mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no nsusuwii betumi asesa, ebetumi asɛe ntɛmntɛm, na nipadua no rennya oxygen dodow a ɛfata. Yɛyɛ Hemoglobin Electrophoresis sɔhwɛ yi de hu ankasa sɛ ebia hemoglobin ahorow a ɛsono emu biara a ɛtɔ sin saa wɔ hɔ anaa.
Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda eyi ne hemoglobin nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa ntam?
Eyi yɛ biribi a ɛma nnipa pii adwene tu fra. Sɛ wohwɛ FBC (Full Blood Count) amanneɛbɔ bi a, bo bi nso wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no Hemoglobin (Hb).
- Hemoglobin nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no nyinaa (a wohu wɔ FBC): Eyi susuw hemoglobin dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu nyinaa nkutoo. Ɛte sɛ, wɔ yɛn nhwɛsoɔ mu no, worehwɛ ‘delivery men’ dodoɔ a wowɔ wɔ wo nipadua mu.
- Hemoglobin Electrophoresis Test: Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a emu dɔ kɛse. Ɛhwɛ hemoglobin ahorow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu ne dodow a ɛwɔ emu biara mu . Ɛte sɛ nea ɛnyɛ sɛ wobɛhwɛ sɛnea 'delivery men' dodow a wɔwɔ hɔ nko, na mmom wobɛhwɛ nso sɛ ebia "papa" wɔ hɔ, "ɛsono wɔn kakra", ne "wɔn a wɔadi dɛm" , na sɛ ɛte saa a, dodow ahe.
Saa nhwehwɛmu yi ho hia titiriw ma mogya mu nyarewa a wonya fi awo mu te sɛ sickle cell anemia ne thalassemia a wobehu.
Momma yɛnka hemoglobin ahorow atitiriw no ho asɛm.
Hemoglobin ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a nhwehwɛmu yi hwehwɛ titiriw. Hwɛ pon a ɛwɔ aseɛ ha no na woanya yeinom ho nteaseɛ tiawa.
| Hemoglobin a ɛyɛ hu | Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne eyi... |
|---|---|
| Hemoglobin A (HgbA) a ɛma mogya tu . | Eyi ne hemoglobin a abu so sen biara, "ɛyɛ daa" wɔ ɔpanyin a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden mogya mu. Ɛyɛ bɛboro 95% wɔ hemoglobin nyinaa mu wɔ ɔpanyin a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden mu. |
| Hemoglobin F (HgbF) a ɛma mogya tu . | Wɔfrɛ eyi "fetal hemoglobin." Sɛnea edin no kyerɛ no, eyi ne hemoglobin titiriw a ɛwɔ awotwaa ne mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforo mu. Bere a akokoaa no nyin no, HgbF dodow so tew na HgbA dodow kɔ soro. Eyi dodow a ɛkɔ soro yiye wɔ ɔpanyin mu no betumi ayɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea horow bi ho sɛnkyerɛnne. |
| Hemoglobin S (HgbS) a ɛma mogya tu . | Eyi ne hemoglobin a asɛe a ɛde sickle cell mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu ba . Sɛ eyi ba a, mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no, sɛ́ anka ɛbɛyɛ kurukuruwa sɛnea ɛte daa no, bɛyɛ sɛ nkankyee na ebetumi akɔto mogya ntini no mu. |
| Hemoglobin C (HgbC) a ɛma mogya tu . | Eyi yɛ hemoglobin foforo a asɛe. Eyi betumi ama mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no asɛe ntɛm, na ɛde mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ mogya mu (mogya a enni mogya no mu) aba. |
Wobɛyɛ dɛn atwe mogya ama nhwehwɛmu yi? So ɛyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro?
Nte saa koraa. Eyi te sɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa ara pɛ. Ɔkwan a wɔfa so fa mogya no betumi ayɛ soronko kakra a egyina mfe a obi adi ne nea ehia so.
| Ɔkwan a wɔfa so gye mogya | Nkyerɛmu |
|---|---|
| Venous mogya a wɔtwe | Eyi ne ɔkwan a mpanyimfo ne mmofra a wɔanyinyin taa fa so. Wɔde ade ketewaa bi hyɛ ntini bi a ɛwɔ wo nsateaa a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa no mu na wɔtwe mogya kakraa bi. Ebia wobɛte nka sɛ worebɔ wo kakra, te sɛ nea ntɛtea aka wo, nanso ɛtra hɔ sikani kakraa bi pɛ. |
| Nsateaa dua | Wɔde saa kwan yi di dwuma ma mmofra nkumaa anaa bere a mogya kakraa bi pɛ na ehia. Wɔnam ade ketewaa bi a wɔde bɔ nsateaa no ano so na ɛboaboa mogya kakraa bi ano. |
| Heel dua no | Wɔyɛ eyi ma nkokoaa a wɔawo wɔn foforo . Wɔ nnɔnhwerew 48 akyi wɔ akokoaa no awo akyi no, wɔde ade ketewaa bi to wɔn nan ase na wɔboaboa mogya kakraa bi ano gu krataa titiriw bi so. Eyi yɛ ``newborn screening`` nhwehwɛmu ahorow a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔyɛ wɔ akokoaa biara a wɔawo no foforo wɔ Sri Lanka no fã. Eyi betumi ahu tebea horow a emu yɛ den, nanso wobetumi asa te sɛ Sickle Cell Anemia sɛ wohu ntɛm a. Mma ɛnhaw wo sɛ wobɛpira akokoaa no, wobetumi ayɛ eyi bere a ɛna no da so ara kura akokoaa no. |
Dɛn na ɛba mogya a wɔayi afi mu wɔ aduruyɛdan mu yi so?
Sɛ wo mogya kɔ lab a, mfiridwumayɛfo a wɔwɔ hɔ no di ɔkwan titiriw bi so.
Fa no sɛ hemoglobin biara te sɛ nnipa a ɛsono emu duru na wotumi tu mmirika wɔ ahoɔhare so.
1. Nea edi kan no, woyi hemoglobin no fi wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no mu.
2. Afei wɔde saa hemoglobin afrafra yi gu gel anaa krataa soronko bi so.
3. Afei wɔde anyinam ahoɔden bi ama eyi.
4. Sɛ wɔde anyinam ahoɔden di dwuma a, hemoglobin biara fa saa gel yi mu kɔ n’anim wɔ ahoɔhare ahorow mu , a egyina ne mu duru ne anyinam ahoɔden a ɛwɔ mu so.Sɛnea ɛte wɔ mmirikatu mmirikatu mu no, wɔn a wɔde mmirika tu mmirika no di wɔn anim na wɔn a wɔyɛ brɛoo no nso gyaw wɔn akyi.
5. Bere bi akyi no, saa hemoglobin ahorow yi pue sɛ kɔla ahorow a ɛsono emu biara .
6. Awiei koraa no, lab adwumayɛfo no de wo band nhyehyɛe no toto sɛnea obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden yɛ no ho. Eyi ma wotumi hu hemoglobin ahorow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu pɛpɛɛpɛ, ne sɛ ebia dodow no te sɛ nea ɛfata anaasɛ ɛnteɛ.
Dɛn na m’amanneɛbɔ no kyerɛ?
Wo nsa bɛka amanneɛbɔ wɔ nna kakraa bi akyi wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi. Ɛbɛkyerɛw ɔha biara mu nkyem ne gyinapɛn ahorow a ɛwɔ hemoglobin ahorow biara mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ ɛkyerɛ sɛ HgbS anaa HgbC wɔ hɔ a, ebetumi ayɛ Sickle Cell Disease anaa tebea a ɛte saa ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Sɛ HgbF dodow dɔɔso wɔ ɔpanyin mu a, ebetumi ayɛ tebea bi te sɛ Thalassemia ho sɛnkyerɛnne.
Nanso kae ade biako a ɛho hia paa. Mma w’ankasa nnyina akontaahyɛde ne nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ amanneɛbɔ yi mu so nkyerɛ, anaasɛ nnyɛ nhwehwɛmu a egyina intanɛt so. Ebetumi ama ehu a ɛho nhia aba w’adwene mu.
Wo duruyɛfo nkutoo na obetumi akyerɛkyerɛ nea amanneɛbɔ yi kyerɛ ankasa mu, a ɛfa wo sɛnkyerɛnne ne nhwehwɛmu afoforo ho. Enti sɛ wo nsa ka amanneɛbɔ no ara pɛ a, wo ne oduruyɛfo a ɔkrae no hyia na nka ho asɛm.
Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ awofo bɛte ehu ne dadwen nka sɛ wo ba no amanneɛbɔ da biribi a ɛyɛ soronko adi a. Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ hokwan sɛ wubefi ayaresa ne ɔhwɛ a wo ba hia no ase ntɛm. Wo duruyɛfo bɛma wo afotu a wuhia nyinaa.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Hemoglobin Electrophoresis yɛ sɔhwɛ titiriw bi a ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛkyerɛ hemoglobin dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu nko, na mmom ne ahorow nso .
- Eyi yɛ mmoa kɛse wɔ mogya mu nyarewa a wonya fi awo mu te sɛ sickle cell anemia ne thalassemia a wohu mu.
- Sɛ wobɛma wɔatwe wo mogya ama nhwehwɛmu yi a, ɛnyɛ den koraa na asiane biara nni ho. Biribiara nni hɔ a enti ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro.
- Nea ɛho hia sen biara: Mmɔ mmɔden sɛ w’ankasa wobɛte amanneɛbɔ no ase. Fa kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo bere nyinaa na bisa no nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri.
- Amanneɛbɔ a ɛnteɛ nyɛ wiase awiei. Ɛyɛ anammɔn a edi kan ara kwa wɔ akwantu a ɛbɛma wɔahu yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ ne ayaresa a ɛho hia no mu.
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