So wo nipadua mu nkwammoaa rekum wɔn ho? Momma yɛnka Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) ho asɛm!

So wote nka bere nyinaa sɛ woabrɛ na woayɛ mmerɛw? Sɛ wonam akyirikyiri kakra anaasɛ woforo antweri bi a, so wo ti yɛ wo yaw? Mpɛn pii no, yɛfrɛ eyi "nemia" anaa "anemia." Ɛyɛ nokware. Nanso, so woasusuw pɛn sɛ ebia w’ankasa wo nipadua mu ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe, kyerɛ sɛ, nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no, reto ahyɛ w’ankasa wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ so na asɛe no? Ɛnnɛ yɛreka yareɛ bi a ɛntaa nsi a ɛho hia paa sɛ obiara hwɛ so ho asɛm. Wɔfrɛ eyi Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia , anaa (AIHA) tiawa.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne AIHA yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛte eyi ase a, ma yenni kan nhwɛ nea mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu yɛ. Mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu no yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu a ɛde mframa pa kɔ mu no so tew. Wɔyɛ saa nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yi wɔ yɛn nnompe mu ntini mu. Mpɛn pii no, mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ biako tra ase bɛyɛ nnafua 120. Sɛ wɔtew saa nkwammoaa yi so a, nipadua no akwaa no nnya mframa pa dodow a ɛho hia. Ɛno nti na yɛte nka sɛ yɛabrɛ na yɛayɛ mmerɛw no.

Afei, biribi a ɛyɛ nwonwa yiye si wɔ AIHA. Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa , a ɛbɔ yɛn nipadua ho ban fi nyarewa ho no di mfomso kyerɛ sɛ n’ankasa mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛte apɔw no yɛ “atamfo.” Ɛte sɛ ɔman bi asraafo a wɔreto ahyɛ n’ankasa nkurɔfo so. Sɛ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no fi ase sɛe mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ wɔ saa kwan yi so a, ɛyera ntɛmntɛm a nnompe mu ntini no ntumi nkɔ so. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ nkwa nna yɛ nna kakraa bi pɛ. Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA).

Dɛn ne AIHA ahorow atitiriw?

Wɔakyekyɛ AIHA mu ayɛ no ahorow atitiriw abien. Biako gyina nea ɛde ba no so. Ɔfoforo no gyina ɔhyew a mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no sɛe so. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea eyinom yɛ.

Dɛn ne tebea yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

AIHA ho sɛnkyerɛnne pii te sɛ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu afoforo de, nanso ebia nnipa binom rennya sɛnkyerɛnne biara koraa sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a wɔsɛe no no mu yɛ den sɛnea ɛsɛ a.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a wɔtaa hu:

• Mmerewa ne ɔbrɛ: Ɔbrɛ a ɛtra so a wɔte nka bere a wayɛ adwuma kakra mpo akyi.
• Wora a ɛyɛ mmerɛw: Wora, anofafa, ne nnadewa a ɛyɛ fitaa.
• Tachycardia: Nkate a ɛkyerɛ sɛ koma no rebɔ ntɛmntɛm bere mpo a wugyina hɔ ara kwa no.
• Ahome tiaa: Eyi ba bere a woabrɛ kakra no.
• Koko mu yaw.
• Aniwa ne honam ani yɛ kɔkɔɔ (Jaundice): Eyi ne tebea a yɛfrɛ no jaundice.
• Nsu a ɛyɛ tuntum: Nsu a ne kɔla yɛ tuntum, te sɛ cola.
• Sɛ obi te nka sɛ ɔyɛ ma: Eyi fi akyi berɛmo a ayɛ kɛse.

Nnipa a wɔwɔ AIHA a ɛyɛ atiridiinini (CAD) nso betumi anya sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo yi:

• Nsa ne anan yɛ nwini bere nyinaa.
• Nsa ne anan a ɛdannan bruu/kɔkɔɔ bere a awɔw wom no.
• Tipaeɛ.
• Akyi ne nan a ɛyɛ yaw.

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛde AIHA ba?

Mpɛn pii no, ɛyɛ den sɛ wubehu biribi pɔtee a ɛde tebea yi ba (Primary AIHA). Nanso, ɛtɔ da bi a, aduruyɛ mu tebea afoforo na ɛde ba (Secondary AIHA).

• Nyarewa afoforo a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa: Sɛ nhwɛso no, nyarewa te sɛ lupus.
• Kokoram ahorow bi:Titiriw kokoram a efi mogya mu te sɛ mogya mu kokoram (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia) ne lymphoma (Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma).
• Nyarewa: Nyarewa a efi mmoawa mu te sɛ *Mycoplasma pneumoniae*.
• Mmoawa: Mmoawa te sɛ Epstein-Barr mmoawa, HIV, ne mmerɛbo mu yare.
• Nnuru bi: Eyi nso betumi aba sɛ sɛnea nnuru bi te sɛ penicillin ne methyldopa yɛ wɔn ade.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu yare no?

Sɛ wowɔ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a, ade a edi kan a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wobɛkɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara . Obebisa wo wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne nnuru a worenom no ho asɛm, na ɔbɛhwehwɛ wo mu. Sɛ ɛho hia a, ɔde wo bɛkɔ mogya ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.

Wɔyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu pii titiriw de hu yare no.

• Mogya Dodow a Edi Mu (CBC): Eyi hwɛ nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, nkwammoaa fitaa, ne mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow. Nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow a ɛba fam no yɛ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu ho sɛnkyerɛnne.
• Coombs Sɔhwɛ: Eyi ne sɔhwɛ pɔtee a ɛsen biara ma AIHA. Ɛhwɛ sɛ wo nipadua no reyɛ nnuru a ɛko tia mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ anaa.
• Peripheral Smear: Wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ mogya mu hwehwɛ mogya bi mu de hwehwɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ asɛe.
• Bilirubin Nhwehwɛmu: Sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ sɛe a, ade bi a wɔfrɛ no bilirubin dodow kɔ soro wɔ mogya no mu. Eyi na ɛde kɔla kɔkɔɔ no ba.
• Reticulocyte Count: Eyi kyerɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ foforo a ennyinii dodow a nnompe mu ntini no reyɛ. Dodow a ɛkɔ soro kyerɛ sɛ nnompe mu ntini no reyɛ adwumaden dodo sɛ ɛbɛyɛ nkwammoaa foforo de asi nea wɔresɛe no ananmu.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa AIHA?

Ayaresa no gyina sɛnea wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no mu yɛ den, AIHA ko a wowɔ, ne nea ɛde ba no so. Sɛ wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no mu nyɛ den a, ebia ɛho renhia sɛ wɔsa yare.

• Steroids: Steroid nnuru te sɛ Prednisolone ne ayaresa a edi kan. Eyinom yɛ adwuma denam nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no dwumadi a esiw ano na esiw ano sɛ ɛnsɛe mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no so.
• Nnuru Afoforo a ɛmma nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa: Sɛ yare no ntumi nyɛ steroid a, wɔde nnuru afoforo te sɛ Rituximab di dwuma.
• Splenectomy: Mpɛn pii no, mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a wɔsɛe no no ba wɔ akyi berɛmo no mu. Enti sɛ nnuru ntumi nni so a, ebia nnuruyɛfo besi gyinae sɛ wɔbɛyɛ oprehyɛn ayi akisikuru no afi hɔ.
• Mogya a Wɔde Ma: Sɛ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu no mu yɛ den a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔde mogya ma na ama wɔagye nkwa.
• Wo ho a wobɛbɔ wo ho ban afi awɔw ho (ma Cold AIHA/CAD): Sɛ wowɔ AIHA a ɛyɛ nwini a, ɛho hia sɛ wobɛbɔ wo ho ban afi awɔw ho.
• Hyɛ nsateaa bere a woreyi nneɛma afi frigye mu no.
• Sɛ wufi adi wɔ awɔw bere mu a, hyɛ kyɛw, nkataso, ne ntade.
• Sɛ worekɔ baabi a AC pii wɔ a, hyɛ ntade a ɛyɛ hyew bi.

Ebia wo duruyɛfo nso bɛkamfo akyerɛ wo sɛ fa folic acid (Vitamin B9) a wɔde ma, efisɛ vitamin yi ho hia na ama mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ ayɛ ntɛmntɛm.

Nsɛnnennen bɛn na ebetumi aba esiane tebea yi nti?

Sɛ wɔansa AIHA yiye a, nsɛnnennen bi betumi aba.

• Mogya a Ɛtu: Mogya a ɛtɔ gu ntini no mu, titiriw wɔ anan mu. Sɛ eyinom tu kwan kɔ ahurututu mu (Pulmonary Embolism) a, ɛyɛ tebea a ɛyɛ hu yiye.
• Asaabo a ɛsɛe: AIHA a wontumi nni so no betumi ama asaabo asɛe.
• Koma mu yare: mogya a ɛtɔ bere tenten no ma koma no yɛ adwumaden, na ɛno betumi ama koma no ayɛ mmerɛw.