Sɛ wote asɛmfua HIV a, ebia wote ehu ne ehu kakra nka. Ɛno yɛ ade a ɛfata. Nanso sɛ́ anka wubesuro na wode wo ho ahintaw no, nea ehia paa ne sɛ wobɛma wo nsɛm a edi mũ na woahwɛ w’akwahosan so. Enti ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka nea HIV nhwehwɛmu yi yɛ, sɛnea wobenya, ne nea enti a ɛho hia, wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye a wubetumi ate ase so.
Momma yenni kan nhwɛ, dɛn ne HIV nhwehwɛmu yi?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, HIV nhwehwɛmu hwɛ sɛ wowɔ mmoawa bi a wɔfrɛ no HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) wɔ wo nipadua mu anaa. HIV yɛ ɔyare mmoawa a wonya fi nna mu. Saa mmoawa yi tow hyɛ yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa , a ɛko tia nyarewa no so. Afei tumi a yɛn nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa no so tew nkakrankakra.
Nnipa pii susuw sɛ sɛ wunya HIV a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wubenya AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) . Nanso ɛnte saa. Sɛ wowɔ HIV mpo a, sɛ wohu ntɛm na wonya ayaresa a ɛfata a, wubetumi asiw AIDS a ɛbɛba no ano. Wubetumi nso atra ase wɔ apɔwmuden a ɛfata mu. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia paa sɛ wɔyɛ HIV nhwehwɛmu no. Dodow a wuhu ntɛm sɛ wowɔ ɔyare mmoawa no, dodow no ara na wubetumi afi ayaresa ase ntɛm na woahyɛ wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu den.
Mprempren HIV nhwehwɛmu ahorow no akɔ anim araa ma ebetumi ahu mmoawa yi pɛpɛɛpɛ, enti wubetumi de wo ho ato nea ebefi mu aba no so.
Nhwehwɛmu ahorow titiriw bɛn na wɔyɛ de hu HIV?
Nhwehwɛmu titiriw abiɛsa na ɛwɔ hɔ de hwɛ sɛ HIV bi wɔ hɔ. Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi betumi de wo mogya (ntini anaa nsateaa a wɔde twitwiw) anaa w’anom nsu bi adi dwuma. Momma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ.
| Sɔhwɛ su | Dɛn na wuhu wɔ eyi mu? | Nsɛntitiriw a ɛho hia |
|---|---|---|
| Nucleic Acid Sɔhwɛ (NAT) . | Eyi hwɛ tẽẽ sɛ mmoawa (HIV RNA) no wɔ mogya no mu anaa. Etumi nso hwɛ sɛnea mmoawa dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu (viral load). | Eyi ne sɔhwɛ a ebetumi ahu ɔyare mmoawa bi ntɛm. Nanso ne bo yɛ den kakra. Mpɛn pii no, wɔnyɛ no kan. Sɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi wɔ hɔ anaasɛ ɛho hia sɛ wusi ɔyare no so dua a, wɔyɛ. |
| Antigen/Antibody Nhwehwɛmu | Sɛ́ anka ɛbɛhwɛ mmoawa no, ɛhwɛ nneɛma abien a ɛfa mmoawa no ho. Biako ne antigen no . Eyi ne mmoawa no ankasa fã (p24) a ɛkanyan nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa bere a mmoawa no hyɛn nipadua no mu no. Ade a ɛto so abien ne nipadua mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no . Eyi ne protein titiriw a yɛn nipadua yɛ de ko tia mmoawa no. | Wɔtaa di kan yɛ sɔhwɛ yi. Esiane sɛ antigens pue wɔ mogya no mu ansa na antibodies aba nti, wobetumi akyere ɔyare mmoawa bi ntɛm kakra. |
| Nkwammoaa a Ɛko Tia Nyarewa Ho Nhwehwɛmu | Eyi nkutoo na ɛhwɛ sɛ yɛn nipadua no wɔ nnuru a ɛko tia HIV mmoawa no anaa. | Sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔyɛ no ntɛmntɛm ne nneɛma a wɔde yɛ adwuma wɔ fie pii hyɛ saa kuw yi mu. Nanso, esiane sɛ egye bere kakra ansa na nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ kɛse nti, ɛnna adi nna kakraa bi wɔ ɔyare mmoawa no akyi. |
Adeɛ a ɛho hia paa ne sɛ, sɛ wo nhwehwɛmu a ɛdi kan no kyerɛ sɛ wowɔ HIV (wɔwɔ HIV) a, akyinnyeɛ biara nni ho sɛ ɛho bɛhia sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu baako anaa nea ɛboro saa de si so dua.
Henanom na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ wɔn nhwehwɛmu sɛ wɔwɔ HIV na bere bɛn?
Sɛnea Wiase Nyinaa Akwahosan Ahyehyɛde no nyansahyɛ ahorow kyerɛ no, anyɛ yiye koraa no, ɛsɛ sɛ obiara a wadi mfe 15 kosi 65 yɛ HIV nhwehwɛmu pɛnkoro wɔ n’asetra mu . Efisɛ HIV a obi anya no betumi ayɛ nea enni sɛnkyerɛnne biara wɔ ne mfiase. Enti, sɛ wobɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu a, ɛno nkutoo ne ɔkwan a wobɛfa so ahu sɛ wowɔ ɔyare mmoawa no anaa. Ɛboa nso na woannya mmoawa no akɔma afoforo a wunnim.
Nea ɛka ho no, wɔ nsɛm titiriw bi mu ne wɔn a asiane kɛse wom no, wɔhyɛ nyansa sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu mpɛn pii.
Ankorankoro a asiane kɛse wom a wɔtaa hwehwɛ wɔn mu
HIV nam nna mu nkitahodi ne nipadua mu nsu ne mogya a wɔanya ɔyare no a wɔsesa so titiriw. Enti, sɛ woka asiane akuw a edidi so yi mu biako ho a, nyansa wom sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no wobɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu pɛnkoro afe biara .
- Sɛ wo ne ɔhokafo a ɔwɔ HIV da (a womfa nneɛma a wɔde bɔ wo ho ban te sɛ kɔndɔm nni dwuma) a.
- Sɛ wunnim nokwarem sɛ wo hokafo no HIV tebea a.
- Sɛ wowɔ nna mu ɔhokafo bɛboro biako a.
- Sɛ mmarima ne mmarima da a.
- Sɛ wowɔ nna mu yareɛ (STI) a ɛnyɛ HIV (efisɛ ɛnde asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobɛnya HIV no dɔɔso).
- Sɛ wo ne afoforo kyɛ nnade mu de twitwiw nnubɔne mu a.
Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo afotu wɔ mpɛn dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu a egyina asiane a wowɔ so.
Kae titiriw: Sɛ wɔato wo mmonnaa wɔ ɔkwan biara so a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara na ka ayaresa bi a wɔfrɛ no HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) ho asɛm . Eyi yɛ nnuru ahorow a wɔde ma de siw HIV ano sɛ adwenem naayɛ bi wɔ hɔ sɛ woanya bi a. Nanso sɛ saa ayaresa yi betumi atu mpɔn a, ɛsɛ sɛ wofi ase wɔ nnɔnhwerew 72 akyi wɔ asɛm no akyi.
HIV nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ nyinsɛn mu
Wɔkamfo kyerɛ denneennen sɛ wɔnyɛ HIV nhwehwɛmu wɔ nyinsɛn mu. Eyi te saa efisɛ HIV tumi fi ɛna mu kɔ abofra mu wɔ awotwaa mu, bere a wɔrewo, anaa wɔnam nufu a wɔma so. Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ nyinsɛn no asram abiɛsa a edi kan no mu. Sɛ wohu HIV a, wobetumi afi ase sa yare wɔ nyinsɛn mu na ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wobetumi asiw akokoaa no kwan koraa sɛ ɔremfa mmoawa no nkɔ ɛna no nkyɛn.
Ɛhe na metumi ayɛ HIV nhwehwɛmu wɔ Sri Lanka?
Sɛ wopɛ sɛ woyɛ HIV nhwehwɛmu a, mmeae pii wɔ Sri Lanka a wubetumi ayɛ saa.
- Aban ayaresabea ne ayaresabea ahorow: Wubetumi abisa eyi ho asɛm wɔ aban ayaresabea anaa ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo.
- Ɔman Nna mu Nyarewa/AIDS Akontaabu Dwumadi (NSACP) Ayaresabea ahorow: Saa ayaresabea ahorow yi a ɛwɔ ɔmantam ahorow mu wɔ Sri Lanka nyinaa no de HIV nhwehwɛmu ne afotu adwuma a wontua hwee na ɛyɛ kokoamsɛm ma .
- Ankorankoro ayaresabea ne aduruyɛdan ahorow: Ankorankoro ayaresabea ahorow bi nso betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu yi a wotua ho ka.
Nea ɛho hia sen biara: Momma yensua "Window Period" ho ade.
Eyi yɛ biribi a nnipa pii nte ase yiye, nanso ɛho hia sɛ wohu. Wɔrentumi mfa nhwehwɛmu nhu HIV bere a ɛhyɛn nipadua no mu ara pɛ. Egye bere kakra ansa na mmoawa no adu baabi a wobetumi ahu. Bere a ɛda da a wobɛnya mmoawa no ne da a wobetumi de sɔhwɛ ahu no ntam no ne nea yɛfrɛ no "mfɛnsere bere."
Sɛ wosɔ hwɛ wɔ saa mfɛnsere yi mu a, nea ebefi mu aba no betumi asan aba sɛ "Negative" sɛ mpo woanya mmoawa no a. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ wuhu sɛ woreyɛ sɔhwɛ wɔ bere a ɛfata mu anaa.
| Sɔhwɛ su | Bere a obi anya ɔyare no akyi bere tiaa ahe na wobetumi ahu? (mfɛnsere bere) . |
|---|---|
| Nucleic acid nhwehwɛmu (NAT) . | Wɔ nnafua 10 kosi 33 ntam wɔ bere a wɔde ahyɛ mu akyi. |
| Antigen/Antibody Nhwehwɛmu | Sɛ woyi mogya fi ntini bi mu a, ɛyɛ nnafua 18 kosi 45 . Sɛ wofa mogya fi nsateaa mu a, ebegye nnafua 18 kosi 90 . |
| Antibody nhwehwɛmu (sɔhwɛ a wɔyɛ no ntɛmntɛm) . | Wɔ nnafua 23 kosi 90 ntam wɔ bere a wɔde ahyɛ mu akyi. |
Wei kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ wosɔ hwɛ nna kakraa bi wɔ asiane bi akyi na ɛsan ba "Negative" a, ɛnyɛ 100% pɛpɛɛpɛ. Sɛ wowɔ adwenem naayɛ biara a, ɛyɛ ahobammɔ sɛ wobɛsan asɔ ahwɛ bio bere a mfɛnsere bere a ɛfa ho no atwam de asi so dua.
Momma yɛnhwehwɛ nea efii mu bae wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi.
Sɔhwɛ no mu aba betumi ayɛ "negative" anaa "positive".
Sɛ nea efi mu ba ne "Negative" a...
Wei kyerɛ sɛ nhwehwɛmu no anhu sɛ HIV mmoawa no wɔ wo nipadua mu. Eyi betumi akyerɛ nneɛma abien:
1. Wonnya HIV.
2. Esiane sɛ wosɔɔ hwɛe wɔ mfɛnsere bere no mu nti, mmoawa a ɛdɔɔso nni nipadua no mu a ɛbɛma wɔahu.
Enti, sɛ woda so ara wɔ adwenem naayɛ a, san sɔ hwɛ bio bere a mfɛnsere bere no atwam, sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no.
Sɛ nea efi mu ba no nyɛ papa mpo a, ɛho hia sɛ woyɛ nneɛma bi de bɔ wo ho ban fi HIV ho daakye. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne akwan a ahobammɔ wom te sɛ kɔndɔm a wɔde bedi dwuma ne nna mu nneyɛe a asiane wom a wɔbɛkwati. Sɛ wowɔ kuw bi a asiane kɛse wom mu a, .Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) , aduru a wɔde siw HIV ano da biara da ho.
Sɛ nea efi mu ba ne "Positive" a...
Nea edi kan koraa no, nsuro . Adepa a efi mu ba no nyɛ w’asetra awiei. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ HIV mmoawa no wɔ wo nipadua mu. Nanso ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ sɔhwɛ kakraa bi bio de si eyi so dua.
Sɛ wosi so dua sɛ wowɔ HIV a, wo duruyɛfo no befi ase ayɛ wo ayaresa nhyehyɛe. Saa nnuru yi a wɔfrɛ no antiretroviral therapy (ART) no betumi asiw mmoawa a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu no so, ahyɛ wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu den, na ama woanya hokwan atra ase akyɛ na woanya apɔwmuden.
Nnɛyi ayaresa ahorow no akɔ anim araa ma wobetumi atew mmoawa a ɛwɔ obi a ɔnom aduru no mogya mu no so akodu baabi a wontumi nhu, wɔ nhwehwɛmu mpo mu. Asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ɔyare mmoawa no betumi afi onipa biako mu akɔ foforo mu no bɛn baabiara.
Ɛyɛ w’asɛyɛde nso sɛ wobɛbɔ wo hokafo a ɔne wo da no amanneɛ wɔ eyi ho na woama wɔayɛ wɔn nso nhwehwɛmu. Wo duruyɛfo ne afotufo de akwankyerɛ ne adwene mu mmoa a ɛho hia bɛma wɔ eyinom nyinaa ho.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- HIV nhwehwɛmu a wobɛyɛ no nyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wosuro. Ɛyɛ anammɔn pa a ɛsɛ sɛ wutu na ama woahwɛ w’akwahosan so.
- Ɛho hia sɛ obiara a wadi mfeɛ 15-65 no, anyɛ yie koraa no, ɔyɛ HIV nhwehwɛmu pɛnkoro wɔ n’asetena mu. Sɛ wowɔ asiane mu a, yɛ nhwehwɛmu daa.
- Dodow a wohu HIV ntɛm no, dodow no ara na hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛsa no yare na wɔanya asetra pa.
- Hwɛ sɛ wobɛma w'ani aku "mfɛnsere bere" no ho bere a woreyɛ sɔhwɛ no. Sɛ w’adwene mu yɛ wo naa a, san sɔ hwɛ bere a mfɛnsere bere no atwam no.
- HIV a wobɛnya no nyɛ w’asetena awieeɛ. Sɛ wode nnɛyi ayaresa a ɛkɔ akyiri di dwuma a, wubetumi atra ase sɛnea ɛsɛ, apɔwmuden, na ɛkyɛ.
- Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa anaa adwenem naayɛ bi wɔ eyi ho a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa .











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