So wo nso wo ho adwiriw wo wɔ asɛm a ɛyɛ hu bi akyi? So ebetumi ayɛ Acute Stress Disorder?

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔ asetra mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ yehyia nsɛm a ɛyɛ hu na ɛyɛ hu a yɛansusuw ho mpo da, ɛnte saa? Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ahodwiriw ne ehu kɛse nka bere a biribi a ɛte saa asi no. Nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa ahodwiriw yi betumi ate nka sɛ ɛboro so kakra. So woanya osuahu a ɛte saa ara? Bra, momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm kakra bio.

Dɛn ne Adwennwen a Ɛyɛ Hu (ASD)?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Acute Stress Disorder yɛ adwenemhaw a ɛba bere tiaa bi a ɛba wɔ ɔsram a edi kan no mu bere a woahyia asɛm bi a emu yɛ den yiye na ɛyɛ awerɛhow akyi. Ebia wubehyia nea edidi so yi:

• Adwennwene a Ɛyɛ Den: Ɛnyɛ ehu nko, na mmom atenka a ɛma obi mu duru kɛse na ne ho nyɛ no dɛ.
• Ehu a wuntumi nnyina ano anaasɛ wuntumi nyɛ hwee: Sɛ wokae adeyɛ no a, wo koma bɔ, wo ho fifiri, na wote nka sɛ wuntumi nyɛ hwee.
• Flashback anaa dae bɔne: Te nka sɛ adeyɛ no rekɔ so bio ankasa, anaasɛ wobɛda dae bɔne wɔ ho.
• Te a wobɛte nka sɛ wo ho atew wo ho afi wo nipadua ho na wunni nkate: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebia wobɛte nka sɛ biribiara nyɛ nokware, te sɛ nea ɛyɛ dae. Anaasɛ ebia worentumi nte nkate horow te sɛ anigye anaa awerɛhow nka.
• Kwati mmeae, nneɛma, ne nnipa a wɔkae wo asɛm a esii no: Ebia wompɛ sɛ wobɛkɔ baabi a asɛm no sii, aka ho asɛm, anaa wo ne nnipa a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛɛ mu no.

Fa no sɛ nsuyiri bi bɛkyere wo mpofirim, anaa woahu kar akwanhyia a emu yɛ den, anaa obi rehaw wo. Eyinom yɛ nneɛma a yɛfrɛ no "nsɛm a ɛyɛ hu." Nhwɛso ahorow bi ni:

• Abɔde mu asiane te sɛ ahum, ogya, ne nsuyiri .
• Nna mu ɔbrasɛe anaa honam fam ɔbrasɛe .
• Nsɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma ɔkwammɔne so a emu yɛ den .
• Sɛ wuhu sɛ obi foforo apira wɔ honam fam anaasɛ odi owu ho adanse a .
• Akwanhyia a emu yɛ den, te sɛ kar akwanhyia akɛse .
• Opira a emu yɛ den mpofirim anaa yare a emu yɛ den mpofirim .
• Ɔko tebea horow .

Saa tebea yi (Acute Stress Disorder) betumi aba obiara so, sɛ́ ɛyɛ abofra, aberante, ɔpanyin.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda (Acute Stress Disorder) ne (PTSD) ntam?

Ebia woate PTSD anaa Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ho asɛm . Nsonsonoe titiriw a ɛda abien no ntam ne bere tenten a sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no di. Wɔ Acute Stress Disorder , mu no, saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛfa adwennwen ho yi da adi wɔ nnansa kosi adapɛn anan (ɔsram biako) mu wɔ asɛm a ɛyɛ hu bi akyi. Nanso, saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi kyɛ boro adapɛn anan.Sɛ ɛkɔ so a, ebetumi ayɛ tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no PTSD. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ASD yɛ mmuae a ɛba bere a obi anya ahodwiriw akyi pɛɛ. Sɛ wɔansa no yiye a, ebetumi abɛyɛ PTSD.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda (Adjustment Disorder) ne (Acute Stress Disorder) ntam?

Adjustment Disorder nso yɛ adwene mu tebea a ɛba bere a asetra mu nsakrae anaa asɛm bi a ɛhaw adwene ho mmuae. Nanso, nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ ha ne sɛ wɔ Acute Stress Disorder mu no, adeyɛ a ɛkanyan Adjustment Disorder (e.g., adwuma a wɔhwere, abusuabɔ a ɛpaapae) no nyɛ kɛse te sɛ adeyɛ a ɛkanyan Adjustment Disorder (e.g., nna mu ɔbrasɛe, abɔde mu asiane kɛse). Wɔ Adjustment Disorder mu no, nkate ne suban mu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛba no taa yɛ kɛse sen sɛnea wɔhwɛɛ kwan.

Acute Stress Disorder abu so dɛn?

Nhwehwɛmufo nnim sɛnea ɛtaa ba ankasa. Ade biako nti a ɛte saa ne sɛ nnipa binom nkɔ ayaresabea kosi sɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no bedu PTSD fã. Sɛnea nhwehwɛmu ahorow kyerɛ no, Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) a ɛba wɔ asɛm bi a ɛyɛ hu akyi no betumi afi 6% kosi 33% . Saa ɔha biara mu nkyem yi nso gu ahorow gyina sɛnea adeyɛ no te so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnipa a wɔanya wɔn ti adidi mu wɔ akwanhyia anaa abɔde mu asiane mu no ntaa nnya ASD. Nanso, nnipa a wɔanya basabasayɛ (ntua, atuo a wɔtow) no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya ASD.

Dɛn ne Acute Stress Disorder ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?

ASD ho sɛnkyerɛnne no yɛ adwene ne nneyɛe titiriw. Ebi ne:

• Adeyɛ no ho nkae a wuntumi nni so na ɛhaw adwene kɔ so san ba wo tirim, te sɛ nea adeyɛ no redi agoru wɔ w’adwene mu mpɛn pii.
• Dae bɔne a wɔtaa da, titiriw nea ɛfa asɛm a esii no ho.
• Flashbacks yɛ atenka a ɛma wosan nya adeyɛ no bio. Ɛne sɛ, wobɛte nka sɛ wowɔ hɔ ankasa saa bere no.
• Nhyɛso anaa ɛyaw kɛse a wobɛte nka wɔ adwene anaa nipadua mu bere a wuhu, wote, anaa wote biribi a ɛkae wo asɛm a esii no.
• Ɔhaw a ɛkɔ so yɛ den sɛ wobɛte nkate pa te sɛ anigye, awerɛkyekye, ne ɔdɔ ho nkate nka. Ebia wobɛte nka ara kwa sɛ woda mpan na wunni anigye.
• Ɛte sɛ nea nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia no asesa, te sɛ nea woda dae mu, na bere retwam nkakrankakra.
• Adeyɛ no afã horow a ɛho hia a wo werɛ befi.
• Mmɔden a wobɛbɔ sɛ wobɛkwati nkae, nsusuwii, ne nkate a ɛyɛ yaw a ɛfa adeyɛ no ho.
• Mmɔden a wobɛbɔ sɛ wobɛkwati nneɛma a ɛwɔ akyi (nnipa, mmeae, nneɛma) a ɛkae wo asɛm a esii no.
• Dae mu haw ahorow. Dae a wontumi nna, mpɛn pii a wɔsɔre, nna a wontumi nna esiane dae bɔne nti.
• Abufuw anaa abufuw a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Nneɛma nketenkete ho abufuw ne abufuw.
• Hypervigilance: Sɛ́ wobɛma w’ani ada hɔ bere nyinaa wɔ asiane ho (hypervigilance). Sɛ́ obi adwenem yɛ no naa na osuro biribiara.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wode w’adwene besi biribi so. Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛwie nnwuma, sɛ wobɛkenkan nwoma, anaa wobɛkae nneɛma.
• Short reflex a ɛboro so, bere mpo a wohyia nnyigyei anaa kankyee a ɛba mpofirim no.

Fa no sɛ, wuhuu akwanhyia kɛse bi bere a wonam kwan so no. Ɛno akyi no, wote ehu nka sɛ wubefi baabi a akwanhyia no sii no, ehu ka wo bere a wote kar nnyigyei, wuntumi nna anadwo, na woda asɛm koro no ara ho dae. Eyinom ne nneɛma a ebetumi asi wɔ ASD mu .

Dɛn na ɛde Acute Stress Disorder ba?

Sɛ wohyia asɛm a ɛyɛ hu koro mpo a, ɛnyɛ obiara na ɔyɛ n’ade wɔ ɔkwan koro so. Nnipa binom nya ASD, na ebinom nso nnya bi. Wonnya nhuu nea enti a eyi ba no ankasa. Nsusuwii biako ne adwene a ɛne sɛ "ehu tebea." Nea ɛba ne sɛ wo nipadua no fi ase de ehu yɛ nneɛma bi (nkanyan) a ɛne adeyɛ a ɛyɛ awerɛhow no wɔ abusuabɔ ho biribi. Sɛ nhwɛso no, fa no sɛ wuhyiaa kar akwanhyia anadwo a etwaam no. Ná adidibea bi a wɔtɔn nnuan ntɛmntɛm wɔ wo kar mu saa bere no. Afei, sɛ wote nnuan a wɔde di ntɛmntɛm hua wɔ bere bi mu akyiri yi saa anadwo no, ɛwom mpo sɛ akwanhyia ankasa biara amma de, nanso ebia wo nipadua no de ehu bɛyɛ n’ade wɔ ɔkwan koro no ara a ɛyɛe wɔ akwanhyia no mu no so. Ɛne sɛ, ebia wubefi ase ate dadwen ne fifiri nka. Nnipa binom dan wɔn ho kɔ saa "ehu tebea" yi mu. Ɛne sɛ, wɔde nkakrankakra tew sɛnea wɔyɛ wɔn ade wɔ saa nneɛma a ɛkanyan ehu no ho. Nanso sɛ eyi ansi yiye a, ebetumi ama obi anya Acute Stress Disorder na ebia PTSD mpo.

Dɛn ne asiane ahorow a ɛma obi nya Acute Stress Disorder?

Asiane ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi ama ASD anya nkɔso. Wɔne:

• Adwene mu akwahosan ho haw ahorow a woadi kan anya (a osuahu ahorow a ɛyɛ hu a woadi kan anya ka ho).
• Ɔsɛe dadwen ne nneɛma ho a wobɛhaw wo ho dodo na woasusuw nneɛma ho wɔ ɔkwan a ɛsɛe ade so .
• Ɔkwan a wɔfa so gyina ano a wobɛkwati .
• Asetra mu mmoa a wonnya (Support system). Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ worennya obiara a wo ne no bɛkasa anaa wobɛsrɛ mmoa bere a ɔhaw bi asi no.

Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen a ɛwɔ tebea yi mu?

Ɔhaw titiriw a ɛwɔ Acute Stress Disorder mu ne sɛ ebetumi abɛyɛ Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) . Sɛ wɔansa Acute Stress Disorder yiye a, ɛda adi sɛ PTSD bɛba.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu Acute Stress Disorder?

Sɔhwɛ pɔtee biara nni hɔ a wɔde hu Acute Stress Disorder. Oduruyɛfo anaa adwenemyare ho ɔfotufo bɛhu sɛ ɛwɔ hɔ denam wo sɛnkyerɛnne ne w’ayaresa ne adwenemyare ho abakɔsɛm a ɔne wo bɛkasa so. Wɔde gyinapɛn ahorow a ɛwɔ Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) mu no bedi dwuma .

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa Acute Stress Disorder?

(Adwennwen a Ɛyɛ Den) .PTSD ayaresa titiriw ne adwene mu ayaresa , a ɛyɛ kasa mu ayaresa kwan bi. Nkate mu nneyɛe ho ayaresa (CBT ) pɔtee bi a wɔfrɛ no Trauma-Focused CBT tu mpɔn yiye. Adwene ne nneyɛe ho ɔbenfo a wɔatete no a ɔwɔ tumi krataa , te sɛ adwenemyare ho oduruyɛfo anaa adwene ne nneyɛe ho ɔbenfo na ɔde saa ayaresa yi ma. Ɛde mmoa, nkyerɛkyerɛ, ne akwankyerɛ ma wo ne, sɛ ɛho hia a, w’abusua. CBT a Wɔde Si Ahodwiriw So no hwehwɛ sɛ:

• Wubesua sɛnea wo nipadua yɛ n’ade wɔ ahodwiriw ne adwennwen ho.
• Wubesua akwan a wobɛfa so adi yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dwuma.
• Reframing boa wo ma wuhu nsusuwii nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɔhaw wom na wosakra.
• Ayaresa a wɔde ma: Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wode nkakrankakra bɛma nneɛma a wusuro na wokwati wɔ baabi a ahobammɔ wɔ. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a nnipa a wɔwɔ Acute Stress Disorder kwati nneɛma ne mmeae a ɛbata asɛm a ɛyɛ hu no ho. Enti, wonnya hokwan nsua sɛnea wobedi wɔn suro so bere a wohyia saa nneɛma no. Ayaresa ho animdefo de saa kwan yi hyɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ ASD nkuran ma wɔde nkakrankakra hyia tebea horow a ɛma wɔhaw , na afei wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu sɛ wɔbɛtra saa tebea horow no mu na wɔagyina ano.

Ayaresa afoforo a wɔde sa Acute Stress Disorder

Ɛwom sɛ adanse pii nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔde nnuru a wɔde sa adwennwen a emu yɛ den di dwuma de, nanso nnuru bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aboa ma PTSD ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no afi hɔ. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• (Nnuru a Wɔpaw a Wɔsiw Serotonin a Ɛsan Fa Nneɛma Ano - SSRIs) .
• (Serotonin ne Norepinephrine a Wɔsan Fa Nneɛma a Wɔde Siw Ano - SNRIs)

Nanso oduruyɛfo nkutoo na obetumi asi gyinae sɛ ɔbɛma saa aduru yi anaasɛ ɔremfa mma, ne nea ɔde bɛma.

So wobetumi asiw Acute Stress Disorder ano?

Yɛrentumi nsiw asɛm bi a ɛyɛ awerɛhow kwan sɛ ɛrensi. Nanso nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ wobetumi adi sɛnea Acute Stress Disorder ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no mu yɛ den no ho dwuma. Saa nneɛma yi betumi aboa:

• Ankorankoro ahobammɔ: Sɛ́ wobɛte nka sɛ wowɔ ahobammɔ wɔ asɛm bi a ɛyɛ hu akyi no ho hia yiye. Mmoa a efi adɔfo hɔ, ne adwumayɛfo a wɔatete wɔn sɛ wɔmmoa wɔ asɛm bi a ɛyɛ hu akyi no boa kɛse.
• Nipadua mu akwahosan: Ɛho hia sɛ wokura da biara da dwumadi a ɛfata mu bere a asɛm bi a ɛyɛ hu asi akyi. Fa nneɛma te sɛ aduan a ɛkari pɛ, nna pa, apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, ne nsusuwii di kan. Kwati sɛ wode nsa anaa nnubɔne foforo bedi dwuma sɛ bere tiaa mu ahotɔ.
• Nkate fam mmoa: efi abusuafo ne nnamfo hɔ wɔ asɛm bi a ɛyɛ awerɛhow akyiƐho hia sɛ wunya nkate fam mmoa. Sɛ ɛno ntumi nyɛ yiye a, nnuruyɛfo ne afotufo betumi de saa mmoa no ama.
• Wo ne w’aduruyɛ kuw no nni nkitaho: Ɛho hia sɛ wokɔ wo duruyɛfo ne/anaasɛ adwenemyare ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn kɔhwɛ no wɔ asɛm bi a ɛyɛ hu akyi.

Dɛn ne Acute Stress Disorder ho nkɔmhyɛ?

Ɛsono sɛnea nnipa betumi anya Acute Stress Disorder. Sɛ wɔannya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no a, ɛda adi sɛ nsɛnnennen foforo bɛba. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Nsa ne/anaasɛ nnubɔne a wɔde di dwuma .
• Adwene mu akwahosan tebea afoforo te sɛ PTSD, dadwen, adwenemhaw , anaa ehu .
• Adwene a ɛne sɛ wubekum wo ho anaasɛ wobɛpira wo ho/afoforo.
• Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛba adwumam ne ankorankoro abusuabɔ mu.

Sɛ wo anaa obi a wunim no resusuw sɛ obekum ne ho a, yɛsrɛ wo frɛ Suicide and Crisis Lifeline wɔ 988. Anaasɛ kɔ ayaresabea dan a ɛbɛn hɔ a wɔhwɛ ntɛmpɛ so ntɛm ara.

Sɛ mewɔ (Acute Stress Disorder) a, mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ me ho?

Wɔ Acute Stress Disorder ayaresa a wobɛhwehwɛ akyi no, ebia wubenya mfaso afi dwumadi pa te sɛ:

• Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a wɔde wɔn ho bɛhyɛ mu na ama adwennwen so atew. Nneɛma te sɛ nantew a wobɛkɔ anaasɛ yoga a wobɛyɛ.
• Fa botae ahorow sisi w’ani so na bɔ mmɔden sɛ wubedu ho. Fa nneɛma nketenkete fi ase.
• Bere a wobɛnya ne nnipa a wowɔ wɔn mu ahotoso na woakyerɛkyerɛ wɔn wo suahu ne sɛnea wubetumi aboa wɔn.
• Mmeae ne mmere a ɛma wo ho tɔ wo a wubehu na wode w’adwene asi so.
• Sɛ wode wo ho hyɛ kuw a ɛboa adwenemhaw mu a, ɛyɛ ɔkwan pa a wobɛfa so ate nka sɛ ɛnyɛ wo nkutoo na wowɔ hɔ.
• Boasetɔ ne ankasa ho a wobɛhwɛ a wode bedi kan. Kae sɛ, yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no tu mpɔn nkakrankakra, ɛnyɛ ne nyinaa prɛko pɛ.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ me duruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Ɛho hia paa nso sɛ wobɛkɔ wo duruyɛfoɔ ne/anaasɛ adwenemyareɛ ho ɔbenfoɔ nkyɛn daa wɔ asɛm a ɛyɛ awerɛhoɔ bi akyi. Wo ne wɔn nka wo nkate ne wo nsɛnnennen ho nkɔmmɔ pefee.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a egye ntɛmpɛ?

Sɛ woresusuw sɛ wubekum wo ho anaasɛ wobɛpira wo ho a , eyi yɛ tebea a anibere wom yiye. Frɛ 1990 (ambulance) ntɛm ara, anaa kɔ ayaresabea dwumadibea a ɛbɛn wo a wɔhwɛ ntɛmpɛ so, anaa frɛ 988 na fa wo ho hyɛ Suicide and Crisis Lifeline no so.

Awiei koraa no, kae (Take-Home Message) .

Sɛ́ wobɛhwehwɛ mmoa a efi animdefo mu wɔ asɛm bi a ɛyɛ hu akyi no betumi ayɛ den. Nanso, (Adwennwen a Ɛyɛ Den - ASD) .Te ase sɛ ɛho hia yiye sɛ wunya ayaresa ma wo tebea no. Bere kɔ so no, ayaresa betumi aboa wo ma wo ho atɔ wo. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa ayaresa a wubetumi apaw ho. Kae sɛ wɔwɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛboa wo, wɔbɛboa wo. Ɛnyɛ wo nko ara. Ɛmmra sɛ wubenya ahoɔden a wode bɛfa eyi mu!