HIV mmoawa dodow ahe na ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu? Momma yɛnhwehwɛ HIV Viral Load ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ den so!

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte nka sɛ woayɛ basaa bere a wuhu sɛ wowɔ HIV no. Nanso wo duruyɛfoɔ bɛtaa aka saa `(HIV Viral Load)` yi ho asɛm. Enti, ebia wowɔ nsɛmmisa pii fa nea `(HIV Viral Load)` yɛ, nea ɛkyerɛ, ne nea enti a wɔasɔ ahwɛ no ho. Mma ɛnhaw wo, momma yɛnka eyinom nyinaa ho asɛm tiawa na emu nna hɔ.

Dɛn ne HIV Viral Load? Dɛn na ɛkyerɛ ankasa?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, HIV mmoawa dodow yɛ nea wɔde kyerɛ HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu. Sɛ yɛbɛka no yiye a, ɛyɛ mmoawa dodow a wobetumi ahu wɔ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu mu. Wo duruyɛfo de nhwehwɛmu yi di dwuma de hwɛ sɛnea wo nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa (ART) no reyɛ adwuma yiye.

Afei hwɛ, HIV yɛ nkwa nna nyinaa mu mmoawa a ɛma yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw, na ɛtew tumi a yɛde ko tia nyarewa no so. Enti, mmoawa a ɛdɔɔso kyerɛ sɛ mmoawa no yɛ adwuma kɛse wɔ wo nipadua mu na ɛyɛ mfonini pii. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ ebia yare no mu yɛ den kakra. Nanso, mmoawa dodow a ɛba fam kyerɛ sɛ mmoawa dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no sua koraa. Nea yɛn nyinaa hwɛ kwan, nea nnuruyɛfo rebɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛyɛ ne sɛ wɔde saa `(ART)` nnuru yi bedi dwuma de atew mmoawa no so akodu baabi a mprempren sɔhwɛ ahorow mpo ntumi nhu, kyerɛ sɛ, ɛkɔ baabi a "wontumi nhu" .

Dɛn na wɔde virus load nhwehwɛmu di dwuma?

Sɛ wowɔ HIV a, nnuruyɛfo de saa mmoawa dodow yi di dwuma esiane nneɛma pii nti:

• Hwɛ sɛnea wo nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa (ART) no tu mpɔn . Eyi ho hia na ama woate ase sɛ ebia aduru no reyɛ adwuma anaasɛ ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ nsakrae.
• Saa gyinapɛn yi boa wo duruyɛfo ma osi ayaresa ho gyinae . Ebia ɛbɛsakra wo nnuru ko anaa dodow a wode di dwuma mpo.
• Wɔde sɔhwɛ yi di dwuma de hu HIV a ɛwɔ nkokoaa a ɛnanom a wɔwɔ HIV awo wɔn wɔ mmofraase no mu .
• Ɛtɔ mmere bi nso a wɔde di dwuma de si so dua sɛ obi anya HIV ntɛm . Ɛwom sɛ nhwehwɛmu afoforo wɔ hɔ a mpɛn pii no wotumi hu HIV de, nanso ebia woayɛ nnansa yi:
• Sɛ na asiane kɛse wɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya HIV a.
• Sɛ ebetumi aba sɛ wobɛnya HIV na woreda HIV ho sɛnkyerɛnne adi a .
• Eyi nso boa wo ma wohwɛ sɛ ebia worenom w’aduru sɛnea wɔakyerɛw ama wo no pɛpɛɛpɛ anaa , efisɛ sɛ wonom w’aduru no yiye nkutoo na wo mmoawa dodow so bɛtew.

Fa no sɛ, w’adamfo Sumit wɔ HIV. Sɛ ɔnom n’aduru (ART) sɛnea oduruyɛfo no kyerɛ no a, ɔyare mmoawa a ɔwɔ no so bɛtew nkakrankakra. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ aduru no reyɛ adwuma! Nanso sɛ ogyae n’aduru nom a, ɔyare mmoawa a ɔwɔ no betumi akɔ soro bio. Ɛno nti na sɔhwɛ yi ho hia no.

Bere bɛn na wɔyɛ saa mmoawa dodow ho nhwehwɛmu yi?

Sɛ wodi kan hu sɛ wowɔ HIV a, wo duruyɛfo bɛyɛ saa mmoawa dodow ho nhwehwɛmu yi. Afei, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔahu sɛnea woreyɛ w’ade wɔ w’ayaresa no ho no, wɔbɛhwɛ wo mmoawa dodow a ɛwɔ wo so no so aka wo CD4 dodow (nkwaboaa bi a ɛko tia nyarewa) ho. Saa gyinapɛn ahorow yi betumi akyerɛ wo duruyɛfo sɛnea w’aduru no reyɛ adwuma yiye ne sɛ ebia ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ nsakrae biara wɔ w’ayaresa nhyehyɛe no mu anaa.

Mpɛn pii no, wobɛyɛ ɔyare mmoawa dodow ho nhwehwɛmu wɔ asram abien kosi abiɛsa akyi bere a woafi ART ase no. Ɛno akyi no, ɛho behia sɛ wosan yɛ sɔhwɛ yi bio asram abiɛsa kosi asia biara . Bere kɔ so no, wo duruyɛfo betumi agyina wo tebea so ayɛ nsakrae wɔ nhyehyɛe yi mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na HIV Viral Load nhwehwɛmu no yɛ adwuma?

Wɔ lab no, mfiridwumayɛfoɔ bi bɛsɔ wo mogya bi ahwɛ de ahunu wo HIV mmoawa dodoɔ. Wɔde sɔhwɛ titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT) di dwuma de hu HIV awosu mu nneɛma (RNA) dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu. Fa no sɛ NAAT yɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛma mmoawa yɛ kɛse . Etumi hu mmoawa no kakraa bi mpo.

So ɛsɛ sɛ misiesie biribi ansa na mayɛ sɔhwɛ no?

Dabi, enhia sɛ woyɛ biribi titiriw biara de asiesie wo ho ama saa mmoawa dodow ho sɔhwɛ yi. Wubetumi adi na woanom wo nnuru sɛnea ɛte daa.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ kwan bere a woreyɛ sɔhwɛ no?

Oduruyɛfo anaa ɔyarehwɛfo de ade ketewaa bi bedi dwuma de agye mogya afi ntini bi a ɛwɔ wo nsa mu no mu. Ebia wobɛte ɛyaw bi anaa wo ho nyɛ wo dɛ bere a wɔde ade no hyɛ mu na woyi fi mu no. Ɛtra hɔ sikani kakraa bi pɛ. Afei wɔde mogya no kɔ adwumayɛbea bi a wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu.

So asiane bi wɔ HIV mmoawa dodow ho nhwehwɛmu yi mu?

Asiane ahorow a ɛwɔ ɔyare mmoawa dodow ho sɔhwɛ yi mu no sua koraa. Ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wobɔ ade no mu bɛboro pɛnkoro na ama woanya ntini bi a, ebetumi ayɛ den kakra. Sɛ ɛnyɛ ɛno a, asiane nketenkete a ebetumi aba bere a wɔrenom mogya no bi ni:

• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ho atɔ wo, anaasɛ ɛte sɛ nea woreyɛ ahwere w’adwene.
• Ɛnyɛ hwee sɛ wobɛnya akuru kɛseɛ, mogya a wɔaboaboa ano wɔ honam ani (`(Hematoma)`).
• Nyarewa (eyi ho yɛ na yiye).
• Mogya a ɛkɔ so tu (eyi nso ho yɛ na yiye).

Nsuro saa nneɛma yi, ɛfiri sɛ ɛntaa nsi.

Dɛn ne nea efi ɔyare mmoawa dodow ho sɔhwɛ no mu ba?

Nnuruyɛfo bɔ mmoawa dodow ho amanneɛ sɛ HIV RNA dodow a ɛwɔ plasma mililita biara mu (wo mogya no fã a ɛyɛ nsu). Wɔtaa kyerɛw eyi sɛ (copies/mL) anaa (units/mL) a nɔma a ɛfata wom.

Nea ebefi mu aba no betumi afi nea ennu 20/mL kosi bɛboro 100,000/mL. Nanso, nea ɛho hia sen nɔma biako ne sɛnea nea efi mu ba no sesa bere a bere kɔ so no. Sɛ wo viral load rekɔ fam a , ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo ART reyɛ adwuma yiye. Sɛ wo viral load rekɔ soro a , ebia ɛho behia sɛ wo duruyɛfo sesa w’aduru no.

Wubetumi nso anya "Negative" aba . Wei kyerε sε, nhwehwεmu no antumi anhunu HIV `(RNA)`. Eyi ne nea yɛfrɛ no "Undetectable".

So ɔyare mmoawa a "ɛyɛ daa" wɔ hɔ a ɛma HIV?

Biribiara nni hɔ a wɔfrɛ no HIV mmoawa a "ɛyɛ daa". Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ bere kɔ so no, wo dodow so tew. Adeɛ a ɛyɛ papa ne sɛ wo viral load no kɔ fam kɔ ​​"undetectable" level (ɛwɔ 20 ne 50 copies/mL ntam, egyina lab no so).

"Undetectable" nkyerɛ sɛ wɔasa wo yare – ebia woda so ara yɛ "positive" sɛ woyɛ HIV nhwehwɛmu afoforo a. Eyi te saa efisɛ HIV betumi ada wo nkwammoaa mu na ebetumi ayɛ adwuma bio bere a wugyae ART nom no. Sɛ woyɛ "undetectable" a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ viral load a ɛba fam koraa, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo ART reyɛ adwuma yiye. Bere tenten a HIV a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no wɔ dodow a "wontumi nhu", na wo ART kɔ so yɛ adwuma yiye no, wuntumi mfa nna so mfa HIV nkɔma obi foforo. Eyi ho hia paa!

Dɛn na ɔyare mmoawa dodow a ɛyɛ 200 kyerɛ?

Sɛ wo viral load no nnu 200 a, wɔfrɛ no "viral suppression." Wei kyerɛ sɛ, HIV a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no sua koraa. Nhwehwɛmu ahorow kyerɛ sɛ sɛ wo mmoawa dodow no sua bere nyinaa sen 200 copies/mL a, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ hokwan a wowɔ sɛ wubenya HIV afi obi a wo ne no da no hɔ no yɛ kakraa bi. Bere bi a atwam no, na wobu biribiara a ennu 200 copies/mL sɛ "wontumi nhu." Nanso nhwehwɛmu foforo a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse betumi ahu HIV dodow a ɛba fam mpo—ɛyɛ 20 kosi 50/mL. Enti seesei "undetectable" kyerɛ biribi a ɛte saa.

Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na wɔahu nea efi mu ba?

Bisa wo duruyɛfo bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ nea ebefi wo viral load test mu aba ne sɛnea wubenya bi. Mpɛn pii no, egye bɛyɛ dapɛn biako anaa abien ansa na wɔanya nea efi mu ba.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ me ne me duruyɛfo di nkitaho?

Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi fa wo nhwehwɛmu no mu aba ho a, kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn. Afei nso, sɛ wowɔ yareɛ ho nsɛnkyerɛnneɛ – sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, ɛyaw, ɔfe, akisikuru, atiridiinini – kɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara.

So mihia PrEP sɛ wɔhwɛ me hokafo no mmoawa dodow so a?

Sɛ wunni HIV na wo hokafo nso wɔ HIV a, ɛyɛ nea asiane biara nni ho sɛ wobɛnom PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) . Ɛho hia titiriw sɛ wobɛfa PrEP sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a "wotumi hu" wo hokafo no mmoawa dodow anaasɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a wohuruw ART dodow a.

Nanso, sɛ ne HIV dodow da so ara "ntumi nhu" na ɔrenom ne ART no yiye, a ɔmfa dodow a ɔde ma no nni hɔ a, wubetumi asusuw ho sɛ worennom PrEP. Nanso, ɛsɛ sɛ wo hokafo no kɔ so nom ne ART yiye na ɔma wɔhwɛ ne mmoawa dodow daa. Wo ne wo duruyɛfoɔ nkasa fa ɔkwan pa a wobɛfa so atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobɛnya HIV no so.

Kae sɛ, adwene a ɛne sɛ "Undetectable = Untransmittable" (U=U) no, mprempren wɔagye atom wɔ amansan nyinaa mu. Wei kyerε sε, sε obi a ɔwɔ HIV no wכ mmoawa a εntumi nhunu a, ɔrentumi mfa nna mu nkitahodie so nnya HIV. Eyi yɛ ahotɔ kɛse ma nnipa a wɔwɔ HIV ne wɔn adɔfo.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fi nea yɛaka ho asɛm no mu (Take-Home Message) .

HIV mmoawa dodow yɛ nea ɛkyerɛ sɛnea HIV yɛ adwuma wɔ wo nipadua mu. Viral load nhwehwɛmu yɛ ɔkwan pa a wo duruyɛfo fa so hwɛ w’akwahosan ne sɛnea nnuru a wonom no yɛ adwuma yiye.

Mprempren nnuru ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a wɔde ko tia ɔyare mmoawa (ART). Sɛ w’aduru no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye sɛnea wopɛ, anaasɛ egyae adwuma wɔ bere bi akyi a, ebia akwan foforo wɔ hɔ a wobɛfa so adi wo mmoawa no so bio. Mma anidasoɔ nnyae da.

Hwɛ sɛ wobɛte nea wo viral load aba no kyerɛ ne sɛnea ɛka w’ayaresa nhyehyɛe no ase. Ɛho hia sɛ wɔbɔ w’akwahosan ho amanneɛ na wo ne wo duruyɛfo yɛ adwuma.

` HIV, mmoawa dodow, ART, aduru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa, HIV nhwehwɛmu, wontumi nhu, U=U