Kavindu (wadi mfe 24) a ɔbaa ayaresabea hɔ saa da no ho dwiriw no kɛse na ɔpɛe sɛ ohu nneɛma pii. Ɔhwɛɛ aduru krataa a ɛwɔ ne nsam no, wosow ne ti, na obisaa me asɛm bi a ɛyɛ nwonwa.
"Oduruyɛfo, anadwo a etwaam no, me sẽ yɛɛ me yaw kɛse. Menom aduru bi a wɔde kum ɛyaw a ntini ho oduruyɛfo no de maa me. Memenee aduru no na mede kɔmaa me yafunu mu, nanso wɔ simma 20 mu no na me sẽ a ɛyɛ me yaw no ayera! Enti ɛbɛyɛ dɛn na aduru ketewa yi ahu sɛ ɛyɛ me sẽ na ɛyɛ me yaw? So ɛwɔ GPS nhyehyɛe bi a wɔde ahyɛ mu?" Kavindu bisae no nokwaredi mu paa.
Meserewee na meka kyerɛɛ Kavindu sɛ, "Kavindu, GPS biara nni aduru no mu. Nanso ɔkwan a ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ yɛn nipadua mu no yɛ nwonwa ampa. Ɛte sɛ ɔbɔfo bi a ɔrekyinkyin kurow no mu. Enti ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka sɛnea yebehu baabi pɔtee a aduru no yɛ yaw bere a akɔ yafunu no mu akyi na yɛasa no yare ho asɛm.
Sɛ aduru no hyɛn yafunu mu a, dɛn na ɛba? (Nneɛma a wɔtwetwe) .
Pill bi a yedi kan nom kɔ yɛn yafunu ne yɛn dwensɔtwaa ketewaa mu. Ɛhɔ no, acid ne nsu a ɛwɔ yafunu no mu no fi ase bubu aduru no mu ma ɛyɛ nketenkete paa.
Saa nnuru nketenkete a apete yi fa dwensɔtwaa ketewa no afasu mu kɔ yɛn mogya mu. Wɔ aduruyɛ ho nyansahu mu no, wɔfrɛ saa adeyɛ yi sɛ absorption .
Nkyekyɛmu wɔ nipadua no nyinaa mu denam mogya no so
Nnuru nketenkete a akɔ mogya no mu no fi ase fa mogya ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa mu bere a koma bɔ no.
Ɛha yi, ɛnyɛ sɛ aduru no nkɔ baabi a ɛyɛ yaw no tẽẽ kɛkɛ. Ɛne mogya no tu kwan kɔ nipadua no fã biara, efi ti kosi nansoaa. Ɛte sɛ nea wode hose regugu turo no nyinaa so nsu. Ɛwom mpo sɛ nsu no kɔ turo no mu nyinaa de, nanso afifide a ehia no nkutoo na ɛtwe, ɛnte saa? Saa na nnuruyɛ yɛ adwuma.
Lock ne Key Nhwɛso no
Ɔkwan pa a wobɛfa so ate sɛnea aduru bi yɛ adwuma ne baabi a ehia ase ne "Lock and Key Model" nsusuwii no.
Nkwammoaa ɔpepepem pii na ɛka bom yɛ yɛn nipadua. Saa nkwammoaa yi mu biara wɔ "aponkɛse" nketenkete wɔ ne soro a wɔde protein soronko ayɛ. Wɔ nnuruyɛ mu no, yɛfrɛ saa ntini ahorow yi .
Nnuru nketenkete a ɛwɔ nnuru a yɛnom no mu no te sɛ "nsafe" a wɔayɛ no titiriw. Bere a saa nsafe yi fa mogya no mu wɔ nipadua no nyinaa mu no, ɛbata nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ lock (receptor) pɔtee a ɛhyɛ mu no ho.
- Sɛnea nnuru a wɔde kum ɛyaw yɛ adwuma: Sɛ ɛse bi yɛ yaw a, nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ ɛse no mu no yɛ nnuru a ɛkyerɛ ɛyaw. Aduru a wɔde kum ɛyaw no fa mogya no mu na esiw ntini a ɛwɔ ntini mu nkwammoaa a ɛde saa ɛyaw nsɛnkyerɛnne no kɔ amemene no mu no ano. Afei, ɛyaw ho nkrasɛm no nkɔ amemene no mu, enti yɛnte ɛse a ɛyɛ yaw no nka.
- Sɛnea aduru a wɔde sa akisikuru yɛ adwuma:Ɛdenam ntini ahorow a ɛkyekyere nnuru a wɔfrɛ no histamine a ɛde akisikuru ba no a wosiw so no, woyi sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ ahurututu ne ɛyaw fi hɔ.
Enzymes a Wɔde Di Dwuma
Wɔ receptors akyi no, adwumayɛfo kuw bi wɔ yɛn nipadua mu a ɛma nnuru biara yɛ ntɛmntɛm. Wɔfrɛ wɔn enzymes .
Nnuru bi yɛ adwuma denam enzyme ahorow yi dwumadi a egyae bere tiaa bi no so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnuru te sɛ Panadol (Paracetamol) yɛ adwuma denam enzyme ahorow a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu a ɛyɛ adwuma bere a yɛwɔ ɛyaw ne atiridiinini a ɛma yɛgyae no dwumadi so.
Dɛn nti na yenya nsunsuanso bɔne?
Esiane sɛ nnubɔne fa nipadua no nyinaa mu nti, ɛtɔ mmere bi a etumi kyekyere nneɛma a ɛma nipadua no nya nnuru no ho wɔ mmeae afoforo a ɛnyɛ baabi a yɛpɛ.
Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnuru bi a wɔde sa yafunu mu akisikuru tumi fa mogya no mu na ɛkyekyere ntini ahorow a ɛwɔ amemene no mu, na ɛma yɛte nka sɛ yɛada. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ nsunsuanso bɔne .
Nnɛyi Ayaresa a Wɔde Asi N’ani So ne NanoMfiridwuma
Ɛwom sɛ nnuru dedaw kaa nipadua no nyinaa de, nanso nnɛyi nnuruyɛ anya nkɔso araa ma seesei nnɛyi nnuru te sɛ aprɛm a ɛbɔ wɔn botae.
- Nanotechnology: Eyi ma wotumi de nnuru gu nanoparticles a ɛyɛ nketewa sen ti nhwi mpɛn ɔpepem pii mu, na afei wɔde kɔ nkwammoaa a wɔyare (e.g., kokoram nkwammoaa) mu tẽẽ.
- Nnuru a Ɛko Tia Nyarewa: Wɔayɛ nnuru a ehu agyiraehyɛde pɔtee bi a ɛwɔ kokoram nkwammoaa ani na ɛtow hyɛ so, na ɛtew nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw a wɔsɛe no ne nea efi mu ba no so kɛse.
Aduruyɛ a efi abɔde mu
Atɔe fam nnuru a yehu nnɛ no pii fi abɔde mu afifide ne fungi mu.
- Aspirin: Wodii kan huu aspirin, aduru a wɔde kum ɛyaw na ɛma mogya tu a agye din sen biara wɔ wiase no fii willow dua no ntini mu.
- Penicillin: Wohuu aduru a edi kan a ekum ɔyare mmoawa fii nsunsu bi a wɔfrɛ no Penicillium notatum mu.
🚨 Ahwɛyiye ne aduruyɛ ho afotu
Ɛwom sɛ nnuru so wɔ mfaso kɛse ma nipadua no de, nanso sɛ wɔde di dwuma ɔkwammɔne so a, ebetumi de ne nkwa ato asiane mu.
Bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara:
- Sɛ wunya akisikuru a emu yɛ den ho sɛnkyerɛnne (Drug Allergy/Anaphylaxis) te sɛ ahome a ɛyɛ den, anofafa ne w’anim a ɛho ahonhon, anaasɛ honam ani nsensanee kɔkɔɔ wɔ nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi akyi bere a woanom aduru pɔtee bi no a.
- Sɛ wofa kwan bi so nom nea ɛboro dodow a wo duruyɛfo akyerɛ wo (overdose).
- Sɛ yafunu mu akuru anaa asaabo mu haw ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ba esiane nnuru a wɔde kum ɛyaw a wɔkɔ so de di dwuma a wɔmfa nnuruyɛfo afotu biara mma nti a.
Nea Wobɛyɛ & Nea Ɛnsɛ sɛ Woyɛ
| ✔️ Nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ (Yɛ) . | ❌ Ɛnsɛ sɛ woyɛ saa |
|---|---|
| Nom w’aduru no wɔ bere a ɛfata mu sɛnea wo duruyɛfo anaa nnuruyɛfo kyerɛ wo no. | Mfa nnuru a oduruyɛfo akyerɛw ama obi foforo da esiane sɛ wɔn yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ wo de no ara kwa nti. |
| Sɛ woanyinsɛn anaa worenom nufu a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo ansa na woanom aduru biara. | Nnyae nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa a wo duruyɛfo akyerɛw ama wo no nom, sɛ wo ho tɔ wo mpo a. |
| Fa nnuru sie wo fie wɔ baabi a ɛhɔ yɛ dwoodwoo na ɛhɔ yɛ kusuu a mmofra ntumi nkɔ hɔ. | Mfa nnuru a ne bere atwam nni dwuma da. |
❓ Nsɛmmisa afoforo bi a ebia wowɔ (FAQ) .
Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na paracetamol aduru bi atumi ayɛ adwuma? ▼
Mpɛn pii no, sɛ obi mene paracetamol aduru bi a, egye simma 20 kosi 30 ansa na apete yafunu no mu na akɔ mogya no mu. Ne ahotɔ a ɛsen biara no nya wɔ nnɔnhwerew 1-2 mu na nkɛntɛnso no tra nipadua no mu nnɔnhwerew 4 kosi 6.
Dɛn nti na wɔka sɛ wɔnom nnuru bi ansa na wɔadidi na afoforo nso wɔ adidi akyi?▼
Nnuru a wɔnom ansa na wɔadi (e.g., yafunu mu yaw aduru) no yɛ nea ɛtwetwe yiye bere a yafunu da mpan. Nnuru a wɔnom wɔ adidi akyi (e.g., nnuru bi a wɔde kum ɛyaw ne nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa) betumi aboa ma wɔasiw yafunu mu akuru ano efisɛ aduan bɔ yafunu no mu ntini ho ban.
So eye sɛ wobɛbubu pill anaasɛ wobɛfa sɛ capsule? ▼
Dabi, ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ no koraa. Wɔayɛ nnuru ne nnuru a wɔde hyɛ nipadua no mu binom sɛ ɛbɛpete nkakrankakra wɔ nipadua no mu (Sustained Release) anaasɛ ɛbɛkɔ so ayɛ nea enni dɛm kosi sɛ ebedu dwensɔtwaa mu, a wɔabɔ ho ban afi yafunu mu acid ho. Sɛ wobubu wɔn a, ebetumi ama aduru no akɔ nipadua no mu prɛko pɛ, na ɛde awuduru aba anaasɛ ɛbɛma aduru no anyɛ adwuma.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ wotow nnuru a wɔmfa nni dwuma no gu? ▼
Ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔhohoro nnuru a aka anaasɛ ne bere atwam no gu tiafi mu da anaasɛ wɔtow gu nwura a wɔtow gu nyinaa mu da. Eyi betumi ama wɔde nnuru akɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ne asase ase nsu mu. Ɔkwan a eye sen biara ne sɛ wode bɛkɔ ayaresabea anaa nnurutɔnbea a ɛbɛn wo ma wɔatow agu.
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