So worenya sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛyɛ nwonwa esiane calcium a ɛba fam wɔ wo nipadua mu nti? Ebetumi ayɛ hypoparathyroidism!

So ɛtɔ mmere bi a wote nipadua mu yaw a wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu nka? So wo akwaa yɛ mmerɛw? Anaasɛ wote nka kɛkɛ sɛ wo honam ani rewea kɛkɛ? Ade biako nti a saa nneɛma yi ba no betumi ayɛ tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no hypoparathyroidism, a yɛrebɛka ho asɛm nnɛ. Mma ɛnhaw wo, ɛwom sɛ eyi yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi de, nanso sɛ wohu na wɔsa no yiye a, wobetumi adi so. Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri.

Dɛn ne Hypoparathyroidism?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, hypoparathyroidism yɛ bere a wo mogya no ntumi nyɛ Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) kakraa bi dodo anaasɛ enni bi koraa. Saa hormone yi ho hia na ama calcium ne phosphorus dodow a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu no ahwɛ so. Enti, sɛ wo PTH dodow sua a, wo mogya mu calcium dodow so tew – yɛfrɛ eyi hypocalcemia – na wo mogya mu phosphorus dodow kɔ soro.

Saa tebea yi taa yɛ nea enni sabea , a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebetumi atra hɔ nkwa nna nyinaa. Nanso, wɔ nsɛm bi mu no, ebetumi nso atu mpɔn bere tiaa bi.

Enti dɛn ne saa parathyroid ntini ahorow yi?

Fa no sɛ, wɔ yɛn kɔn anim, a ɛte sɛ ntontom no, Thyroid Gland wɔ hɔ. Saa Thyroid Gland no akyi no, ntini anan na ɛwɔ hɔ, a mpɛn pii no ne kɛse bɛyɛ sɛ pea ketewaa bi. Wɔfrɛ eyinom Parathyroid Ntini . Eyinom yɛ Endocrine System a ɛma hormone ahorow wɔ yɛn nipadua mu no fã.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa ntini anan yi betumi akɔ baabi foforo wɔ kɔn, koko, anaa mpo adidibea no ho. Wɔfrɛ eyinom sɛ ectopic parathyroid glands .

Dwumadi titiriw a saa parathyroid ntini ahorow yi yɛ ne sɛ ɛbɛma parathyroid hormone (PTH) ayɛ. Saa PTH yi na ɛma calcium dodow a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu no kɔ so yɛ nea ɛfata.

• Sɛ PTH so tew a: Calcium a ɛwɔ mogya no mu so tew (Hypocalcemia).
• Sɛ PTH kɔ soro a: Calcium a ɛwɔ mogya mu no kɔ soro (Hypercalcemia).

Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom saa PTH hormone yi nso boa ma wɔhwɛ phosphorus ne vitamin D dodow a ɛwɔ mogya ne nnompe mu no so.

Dɛn ne calcium? Dɛn na ɛyɛ ma yɛn nipadua?

Calcium yɛ ade a ɛho hia ma yɛn nipadua. So wunim sɛ calcium a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no mu dodow no ara sie yɛn nnompe mu? Nanso, ɛsɛ sɛ calcium dodow bi nso wɔ mogya no mu.

Momma yɛnhwɛ nneɛma bi a ɛho hia a ɛnyɛ calcium a ɛwɔ mogya mu:

• Ɛboa yɛn ntini ahorow ma ɛyɛ adwuma .
• Ɛboa ma ntini ahorow no twetwe na ɛma n’ahome . Eyi na ɛma yetumi keka yɛn akwaa na yɛnantew.
• Sɛ yɛpira na mogya tu yɛn a, ɛboa ma mogya no tu .
• Ɛho hia sɛ yɛn koma yɛ adwuma yiye .

Seesei woate sɛnea hypocalcemia (mogya mu calcium a ɛba fam) a efi hypoparathyroidism mu ba no betumi aka nneɛma pii ase. Calcium nso ho hia na ama nnompe akɔ so ayɛ den. Nanso hypocalcemia yɛ calcium a ɛso tew wɔ mogya mu, na ɛnyɛ calcium a ɛso tew wɔ nnompe mu.

So hypoparathyroidism betumi ama electrolyte a ɛnkari pɛ?

Yiw, koraa. Calcium ne Phosphorus yɛ electrolytes ahorow abien . Electrolytes yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ anyinam ahoɔden wɔ yɛn nipadua mu na ɛboa ma yɛyɛ nnwuma a ɛho hia pii. Wɔ hypoparathyroidism mu no, calcium a ɛwɔ mogya no mu so tew na phosphorus kɔ soro, na ɛma electrolyte no nkari pɛ. Ɛho hia paa sɛ wosiesie eyi.

Ade biako bio wɔ hɔ. Magnesium yɛ electrolyte foforo a ɛho hia. Sɛ magnesium dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu so tew (Hypomagnesemia) , ebetumi nso ayɛ nea ɛde hypoparathyroidism ba. Efisɛ magnesium ho hia na ama parathyroid ntini no ayɛ adwuma yiye.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda Hypoparathyroidism ne Hyperparathyroidism ntam?

Saa edin abien yi di nsɛ kakra, enti ebetumi ama nkurɔfo adwene atu afra. Wɔ aduruyɛ mu no, asɛmfua a wɔde di kan "Hypo" kyerɛ "nea ɛsua" anaa "ɛnyɛ nea ɛdɔɔso." Prefix "Hyper" kyerɛ "boro" anaa "ɔkorɔn."

• Hypoparathyroidism: Parathyroid ntini no ntumi nyɛ parathyroid hormone (PTH) a ɛdɔɔso, na ɛma calcium dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no so tew.
• Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid ntini no yɛ PTH pii dodo, na ɛma calcium a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no kɔ soro.

Ɛnyɛ den, ɛnte saa?

Hena na onya saa tebea a wɔfrɛ no hypoparathyroidism yi?

Eyi betumi ato mpanyimfo ne mmofra nkumaa nso. Nanso sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, eyi yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi kakra .

• Wɔ mpanyimfo mu: Eyi taa fi parathyroid ntini a ɛsɛe wɔ akwanhyia mu bere a wɔreyɛ kɔn oprehyɛn – sɛ nhwɛso no, thyroid oprehyɛn.
• Wɔ mmofra fam: Mpɛn pii no, awosu mu tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no DiGeorge Syndrome a ɛwɔ mmofra mu na ɛde eyi ba.

Wɔ ɔman te sɛ Amerika mpo mu no, wɔka sɛ tebea yi ka nnipa a wonnu mpem ahanu. Enti wɔ yɛn man yi mu no, ebetumi ayɛ kakraa bi mpo.

Dɛn ne nneɛma atitiriw a ɛde hypoparathyroidism ba?

Nneɛma pii nti na ɛte saa.

• Parathyroid ntini a ɛsɛe: Eyi ne nea ɛtaa de ba. Bɛyɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 75 (75%) wɔAyarefo nya saa tebea yi bere a ntini no sɛe wɔ akwanhyia mu bere a wɔreyɛ kɔn anaa thyroid ntini no oprehyɛn no. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa tebea yi betumi aba wɔ oprehyɛn no akyi mfe pii. Nanso mpɛn pii no, efi ase wɔ oprehyɛn no akyi bere tiaa bi. Hypoparathyroidism a ɛba saa kwan yi so no taa yɛ bere tiaa mu de, nanso wɔ nnipa binom fam no, ebetumi atra hɔ daa. Ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi koraa sɛ mframa a wɔde sa yare no bɛsɛe saa ntini ahorow yi.

• Awosu mu tebea horow: Nsɛm a ennu ɔha biara mu du (10%) fi awosu mu tebea horow. Eyinom mu nea abu so sen biara ne DiGeorge Syndrome . Eyi yɛ nkwaboaa mu awosu mu tebea. Nkokoaa a wɔwo wɔn a wɔwɔ saa yare yi nni parathyroid ntini. Enti, esiane sɛ wɔnyɛ PTH nti, wɔwɔ hypoparathyroidism a enni sabea. Wɔkyerɛ sɛ mmofra a wɔwɔ hypoparathyroidism no mu bɛyɛ 60% wɔ DiGeorge Syndrome. Ebetumi nso afi awosu mu nyarewa afoforo a ɛbata asotiw ne asaabo mu yare ho.

• Nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, yɛn ankasa nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no di mfomso tow hyɛ parathyroid ntini ahorow no so. Type 1 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome yɛ yare a ɛte saa no mu biako. Eyi ma hypoparathyroidism a ɛkɔ so yɛ den ba. Ebetumi nso afi tebea horow a wɔfrɛ no Addison yare ne mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu a ɛsɛe ade mu .

• Nyarewa a Ɛma Nnipa Nhyɛ Mu: Wɔ yare tebea horow bi mu no, nneɛma te sɛ dade (te sɛ nea ɛte wɔ hemochromatosis mu) ne kɔbere (te sɛ nea ɛte wɔ Wilson yare mu) betumi aboaboa ano wɔ parathyroid ntini no mu. Afei nso, kokoram a ɛkɔ mmeae afoforo no bi betumi asɛe saa ntini ahorow yi dwumadi, na ɛde hypoparathyroidism aba.

• Magnesium a Ɛba Fam: Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, magnesium ho hia na ama parathyroid ntini no ayɛ adwuma yiye. Magnesium a ɛba fam wɔ mogya no mu (hypomagnesemia) betumi ama obi anya hypoparathyroidism. Wɔfrɛ eyi hypoparathyroidism a ɛyɛ adwuma . Mpɛn pii no, tebea yi gyae bere a magnesium dodow a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no san ba no.

Dɛn ne hypoparathyroidism ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?

Mpɛn pii no, saa tebea yi ba nkakrankakra paa. Enti, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no betumi ayɛ nea ɛyɛ anifere koraa. Nnipa binom mpo nnim sɛ wɔwɔ tebea no mfe pii.

Eyinom ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a wobetumi ahu wɔ ɔkwan a ɛkɔ akyiri so:

• Anofafa, nsateaa ano, ne nansoaa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Ntini mu akisikuru.So wokae sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a na nhwi wɔ wo nan ho anadwo? Nneɛma a ɛtete saa, nanso sɛ ɛtaa si a, ebetumi ayɛ calcium a enni nipadua no mu yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne.
• Ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (Tetany).
• Yafunu mu yaw.
• "Brain fog" yɛ tebea a ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wode w'adwene besi biribi so na wote nka sɛ woayɛ basaa kakra.
• Koma a ɛbɔ a ɛnteɛ (Arrhythmia).
• Nnadewa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Nwi a ayow ne honam ani a ɛyɛ nwunu na ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Sɛnea ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no te.
• Nsõ mu ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ mmofra mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu saa tebea yi?

Wɔtaa susuw sɛ hypoparathyroidism na wosi so dua bere a nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ obi mogya mu calcium ne parathyroid hormone (PTH) dodow sua no.

Esiane sɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no yɛ anifere nti, ɛtɔ mmere bi a nnuruyɛfo hu tebea yi “wɔ akwanhyia mu.” Ɛne sɛ, bere a wohu sɛ calcium sua wɔ mogya no mu bere a wɔreyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu daa a ɛkyerɛ tebea foforo no nkutoo na wofi ase hwehwɛ.

Sɛ wohu sɛ obi PTH hormone ne calcium dodow a ɛba fam wɔ ne mogya mu mprenu wɔ asram asia ntam a, wobu no sɛ hypoparathyroidism a enni sabea .

Sɔhwɛ ahorow bɛn na wɔyɛ ma eyi?

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, wo duruyɛfo no bɛyɛ wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu na wabisa wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow, abusua ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm, ne nnuru a wonom ho asɛm.

Bio nso, wobetumi ayɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a edidi so yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa:

• Parathyroid hormone (PTH) mogya mu nhwehwɛmu.
• Calcium mogya mu nhwehwɛmu.
• Phosphorus mogya mu nhwehwɛmu.
• Magnesium mogya mu nhwehwɛmu.
• Nnɔnhwerew 24 nsu mu nhwehwɛmu: Eyi kyerɛ calcium dodow a wɔayi afi nsu mu.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wo duruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo mfa nhwɛ sɛ ebia ɔhaw ahorow a emu yɛ den kɛse a ebia tebea yi de aba anaa. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG anaa EKG): Ɛhwɛ sɛ koma no nkɔ yiye anaa.
• Computed tomography (CT) scan: Ɛhwɛ sɛ calcium wɔ amemene no mu anaa (Brain Calcifications).

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa eyi?

Botae titiriw a ɛwɔ hypoparathyroidism ayaresa mu ne sɛ ɛbɛtew sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so na ama calcium ne nneɛma afoforo a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu no asan akɔ dodow a ɛfata.

Wobetumi ayɛ nea edidi so yi sɛ ayaresa:

• Calcium Carbonate ne Vitamin D a wɔde ma:Ɛho behia sɛ nnipa pii a wɔwɔ hypoparathyroidism nom calcium ne vitamin D nnuru anaa nsu wɔn nkwa nna nyinaa. Eyi ne ayaresa titiriw ne nea edi kan a wɔde sa tebea yi. Vitamin D ho hia na ama yɛn nipadua no atumi atwe calcium yiye. Enti sɛ wowɔ hypoparathyroidism a, ɛho behia sɛ wonom saa nnuru abien yi nyinaa.
• Aduan a calcium pii wom na phosphorus nnim: Ebia wo duruyɛfo betu wo fo sɛ di nnuan a calcium wom pii (nufusu, kyiisi, yogurt, nhabannuru a ɛyɛ ahabammono) na tew nnuan a phosphorus pii wom (nam a wɔayɛ, anonne te sɛ cola) so. Nanso esiane sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wubenya calcium a ɛdɔɔso afi aduan nkutoo mu nti, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔnom nnuru a wɔde ka aduan ho.
• Parathyroid hormone (PTH) a wɔde twitwiw wo mu: Sɛ calcium ne vitamin D a wɔde ma nkutoo ntumi nni wo tebea no so a, ebia wo duruyɛfo besi gyinae sɛ ɔbɛma wo parathyroid hormone (PTH) aduru.

So ayaresa no mu nsunsuanso bɔne bi wɔ hɔ?

Yiw, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ vitamin D ne calcium dodow a wɔde ma sɛ ayaresa no dɔɔso dodo a, calcium dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no betumi ayɛ kɛse dodo. Wɔfrɛ eyi hypercalcemia . Eyi nso pira nipadua no. Enti, ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu daa de hwɛ sɛ w’ayaresa no reyɛ adwuma yiye na wo calcium dodow teɛ anaa.

Asiane ketewaa bi pɛ na ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya nnompe mu kokoram bi a wɔfrɛ no osteosarcoma bere a wɔde parathyroid hormone (PTH) a wɔde twitwiw nipadua no mu bere tenten no. Enti, nnuruyɛfo kamfo saa aduru yi kyerɛ wɔ tebea horow a emu yɛ den yiye mu nkutoo, bere a ayaresa afoforo ntumi nyɛ yiye no.

Dɛn ne asiane ahorow a ɛde tebea yi ba?

Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya hypoparathyroidism no yɛ kɛse:

• Esiane sɛ wɔayɛ wɔn kɔn anaa thyroid oprehyɛn nnansa yi nti.
• Abusua abakɔsɛm a ɛfa parathyroid ntini mu nyarewa ho.
• Nyarewa bi a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa a ɛka endocrine nhyehyɛe te sɛ Addison yare a obi wɔ.

Dɛn ne tebea yi ho nkɔmhyɛ?

Mpɛn pii no, adwene a ɛwɔ hypoparathyroidism ho no ye, titiriw sɛ wohu tebea no ntɛm na wofi ase sa yare a ɛfata a.

Nanso, sɛ tebea yi ma nneɛma te sɛ atiridiinini, amemene mu nsu a ɛyɛ hyew, ne nsensan mu nsakrae ba a, ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛdan wɔn akyi. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ wohu ntɛm no.

Tebea yi bɛkɔ so akosi bere bɛn?

Mpɛn pii no, hypoparathyroidism yɛ tebea a enni sabea, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛtra hɔ nkwa nna nyinaa. Nanso, hypoparathyroidism nso betumi ayɛ bere tiaa mu de esiane nneɛma bi nti (e.g., magnesium a enni nipadua no mu, bere tiaa mu de wɔ oprehyɛn akyi).

Nsɛnnennen bɛn na ebetumi afi eyi mu aba?

Sɛ wɔansa hypoparathyroidism yiye a, nsɛnnennen ahorow a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ betumi aba:

• Asaabo dwumadi ho nsɛm.
• Asaabo mu abo.
• Aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Calcium a ɛwɔ amemene no afã horow.

Saa tebea yi, titiriw wɔ mmofra mu, betumi de nsɛnnennen te sɛ:

• Nkɔso a enye.
• Nsɛm a ɛfa nsensan ho.
• Adwene mu nkɔso a ɛba brɛoo.

Ɛho hia yiye sɛ yɛhyɛ no nsow sɛ sɛ calcium dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu so tew mpofirim na ɛyɛ kɛse (Acute Hypocalcemia), sɛ wɔansa no ntɛm a, ebetumi de tebea horow a ɛde nkwa to asiane mu te sɛ akisikuru ne ahomegye a ɛyɛ den esiane ahurututu mu akisikuru nti aba . Sɛ wuhu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi (e.g. ntini a ɛtwetwe kɛse, akisikuru) a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo ntɛm ara.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

• Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a wususuw sɛ ebia ɛyɛ hypoparathyroidism a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.
• Sɛ wɔahu sɛ wowɔ hypoparathyroidism dedaw a, ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ wo mogya mu calcium dodow daa sɛnea wo duruyɛfo kyerɛ wo no na ama woahwɛ ahu sɛ worenya ayaresa a ɛfata.
• Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, sɛ wuhu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mogya mu mogya so tew kɛse, te sɛ ntini a ɛtwetwe kɛse mpofirim anaasɛ akisikuru , kɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo ntɛm ara.

Nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Hypoparathyroidism yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi, nanso wotumi sa na wotumi di ho dwuma . Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no betumi ayɛ anifere na ɛyɛ den sɛ wobehu. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ woka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo sɛ wowɔ asiane bi a ɛbɛma woanya saa tebea yi (sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wɔayɛ wo kɔn oprehyɛn nnansa yi anaasɛ sɛ obi wɔ w’abusua mu wɔ parathyroid yare a).

Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu kakraa bi a ɛnyɛ den betumi ahwɛ wo parathyroid hormone (PTH) ne calcium dodow. Sɛ wuhu tebea yi ntɛm a, wubetumi afi ayaresa a ɛfata ase, asiw nsɛnnennen ano, na woabɔ bra pa. Enti, mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu, na mmom hwɛ eyi so. Sɛ wowɔ biribi a ɛhaw wo a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa.

` Hypoparathyroidism, Hypoparathyroidism, Parathyroid ntini, Parathyroid hormone, PTH, Calcium, Hypocalcemia, Phosphorus, Vitamin D, Electrolytes, Nsɛnkyerɛnne, Ayaresa