So kokoram nkwammoaa wɔ wo mogya mu? Dɛn na immunophenotyping sɔhwɛ no hu?

So wo duruyɛfo hwɛɛ wo Mogya Dodow a Edi Mu (CBC) na ɔkae sɛ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa dodow no dɔɔso kakra anaasɛ ɛte sɛ nea ɛnteɛ? Na afei ɔkaa sɔhwɛ bi a ɛwɔ din a ɛyɛ nwonwa a wɔfrɛ no `Immunophenotyping` ho asɛm? Bere a wotee saa din no, ebia wotee ehu nka kakra, na woresusuw sɔhwɛ ko a eyi yɛ ho. Ɛyɛ ade a abu so yiye. Enti ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka sɔhwɛ yi a wɔfrɛ no `Immunophenotyping` ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye so, wɔ ɔkwan a wubetumi ate ase so.

Dɛn ne immunophenotyping kɛkɛ?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, `Immunophenotyping` yɛ lab sɔhwɛ titiriw a ɛhwɛ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu, titiriw mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, de hwɛ sɛ ɛyɛ kokoram anaasɛ ɛnte saa. Eyi boa titiriw wɔ kokoram a efi mogya mu te sɛ mogya mu kokoram ne lymphoma a wohu mu.

Wɔ saa sɔhwɛ yi mu no, ɔyare ho ɔbenfo, oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ ntini ne nkwammoaa mu, hwehwɛ protein pɔtee bi a wɔfrɛ no ``antigens'' wɔ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa no ani. Saa ``antigens'' yi a ɛwɔ hɔ, ne ``antigens'' ko a ɛwɔ hɔ no betumi aboa ma wɔahu sɛ ebia nkwammoaa a wɔreka ho asɛm no wɔ apɔwmuden anaasɛ kokoram.

Sɛ yɛhwɛ asɛmfua `Immunophenotyping` asekyerɛ a, yebetumi akyerɛkyerɛ eyi mu akɔ akyiri:

• Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa: Eyi kyerɛ biribi a ɛne yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no wɔ abusuabɔ . Wɔ saa sɔhwɛ yi mu no, wɔde protein a wɔfrɛ no ``Antigens'' a madi kan aka ho asɛm no di dwuma de kyerɛ protein foforo a wɔfrɛ no ``Antibodies'' a ɛno nso wɔ yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu. Eyi te sɛ safe ne ɔpon. Safe pɔtee bi (Antibody) a wɔayɛ ama no nkutoo na ɛfata lock pɔtee bi (Antigen).

• Phenotype: Eyi kyerɛ biribi akyi su horow a wotumi hu . Enti sɛ wɔde saa safe (Antibody) no bata lock (Antigen) no ho a, yebetumi ahu no wɔ ɔkwan pɔtee bi so. Sɛ ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no hu saa a, onim sɛ lock a ɛfa ho, kyerɛ sɛ, `(Antigen)` a ɛfa ho no, wɔ saa nkwammoaa no so.

Saa `(Antigens)` (locks) yi a wohu wɔ kokoram nkwammoaa mu no yɛ soronko wɔ nea wohu wɔ nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw mu no ho. Enti ɛdenam saa `(Antigens)` ahorow yi a wobehu so no, sɔhwɛ yi boa ma wohu no yiye sɛ ebia eyi yɛ kokoram nkwammoaa, na sɛ ɛte saa a, kokoram ko a ɛyɛ.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi?

Mpɛn pii no, wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo nhwehwɛmu yi akyerɛ sɛ wo mogya dodow a edi mũ (CBC) kyerɛ sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa dodow kɔ soro wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so a. Eyi betumi ayɛ mogya mu kokoram ahorow bi ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Enti, ``Immunophenotyping`` sɔhwɛ no boa ma wosi saa adwenem naayɛ no so dua.

Saa kwan yi nso ho hia yiye wɔ kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu mu. Wɔde saa mfiridwuma yi nso sua sɛnea kokoram nkwammoaa a wɔwɔ ``Antigens`` bi yɛ wɔn ade wɔ nnuru ahorow a ɛko tia kokoram ho, titiriw ``Immunotherapy`` ayaresa ahorow.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ no? Dɛn na ɛkɔ so wɔ lab no mu?

Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, ade ketewaa bi pɛ na ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ. Ɛno ne sɛ wɔde nhwɛsode a wɔhwehwɛ ma sɔhwɛ no bɛma. Ɛno akyi no, biribiara a aka no si wɔ lab no mu. Ɛnsɛ sɛ wohaw wo ho wɔ ho. Mpɛn pii no, wɔde akwan atitiriw abien na ɛyɛ sɔhwɛ yi.

1. Nsuo a ɛsene mu Nkwammoaa ho nhwehwɛmu

2. Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa (IHC) .

Ma yɛnhwɛ nea ɛkɔ so wɔ akwan abien yi so.

Flow Cytometry Ɔkwan a Wɔfa so Yɛ

Eyi ne ɔkwan a wɔtaa fa so yɛ adwuma. Saa kwan yi ma wotumi sɔ nkwammoaa dodow bi a woyi fi mogya anaa ntini mu hwɛ prɛko pɛ. Nea ɛkɔ so wɔ lab no mu ni:

• Nhwɛsode no a wɔfa: Wɔtaa yɛ eyi denam wo nnompe mu ntini ketewaa bi a wɔfa so (nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu). Anaasɛ, mpɛn pii no, denam mogya kakraa bi a wɔbɛfa so. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wobetumi afa akyi berɛmo mu nsu anaa yafunu mu nsu nso.
• Nhwɛsode no a wɔbɛkora so: Wɔ aduruyɛdan mu no, wɔde nnuru titiriw bi a wɔde ka ho na esiesie nhwɛsode no na ama nkwammoaa no akɔ so ayɛ nea enni dɛm na anwu.
• Antibody a Wɔde Ka Ho: Afei ɔfã a ɛho hia sen biara no ba. Wɔde ``Antibody'' (key) a wɔayɛ sɛ ɛne ``Antigen'' a yɛrehwehwɛ no bɛyɛ pɛ ka saa nhwɛsoɔ yi ho. Nanso biribi titiriw bi wɔ saa ``Antibody'' yi ho. Ɛwɔ aduru ketewaa bi a ɛma hann, ``Fluorescent Compound'' a ɛbata ho. Enti sɛ saa safe no bata ɔpon no ho a, saa nkwammoaa no fi ase ma hann ba.
• Flow Cytometer no mu a wɔde hyɛ: Afei wɔde saa nhwɛsoɔ a wɔasiesie yi hyɛ afiri soronko bi a wɔfrɛ no ``Flow Cytometer.`` Bere a nkwammoaa no fa afiri yi mu mmiako mmiako no, sensor ``Detectors`` a ɛwɔ afiri no mu no hu na wɔkan nkwammoaa a ɛma hann a ano yɛ den ba.

Saa kwan yi so no, wobetumi ahu nkwammoaa dodow a `(Antigen)` a ɛfa ho no wom pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) kwan a wɔfa so yɛ ade

Wɔtaa de saa kwan yi di dwuma de hwehwɛ `(Antigens)` a ɛwɔ ntini nhwɛso pɔtee bi mu `(Tissue Sample). Ɛha yi, biribi a ɛte sɛ `(Flow Cytometry)` si. Nanso nsonsonoe kɛseɛ ne sɛ, ɛha yi, `(Antibody)` no ntumi nkɔ fluorescent compound ho. Mmom no, wɔde enzyme `(Enzyme)` bi abata ho.

Esiane saa enzyme yi nti, sɛ `(Antibody)` no kyekyere `(Antigen)` a ɛfa ho no a, saa nkwammoaa no dan kɔla pɔtee bi. Afei, sɛ ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no fa afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete mu hwɛ a, otumi hu saa nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow no pefee. Saa kwan no so no, obetumi asi so dua sɛ `(Antigen)` a ɛfa ho no wɔ saa ntini no mu.

So anohyeto anaa sintɔ ahorow bi wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu?

Yiw, te sɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow nyinaa no, eyi wɔ anohyeto ahorow. Asɛnnennen kɛse ne sɛ ɛnyɛ lab biara a ɛyɛ sɔhwɛ yi na edi ɔkwan koro no ara a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ no akyi. Wei kyerɛ sɛ nsakraeɛ kakra bɛtumi aba wɔ nea ɛfiri lab baako mu kɔ foforɔ mu.

Nneɛma bɛn na epue wɔ amanneɛbɔ no mu? Dɛn na ɛka?

Amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa `Immunophenotyping` nhwehwɛmu ho no nyɛ mmerɛw te sɛ mogya ho amanneɛbɔ a wɔde ma daa. Ɛkura data ne graphs a wɔnya firi `(Flow Cytometer)` afiri no mu. Nyarewa ho ɔbenfo a wɔatete no nkutoo na obetumi ate eyinom ase. Ɔhwehwɛ saa nsɛm no mu na ɔyɛ amanneɛbɔ a etwa to no.

Efi saa amanneɛbɔ no mu no, wo duruyɛfo no nsa bɛka nsɛm te sɛ eyi:

• Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa bɛn na ɛwɔ nhwɛsode no mu?
• Nkɔso fã bɛn na saa nkwammoaa no wɔ?
• Nkwammoaa dodow ahe na ɛwɔ `(Antigen)` a wɔasɔ ahwɛ no mu?

Nyarewa ho ɔbenfo no de nsɛm a efi wo nhwɛsode no mu no toto nsɛm a efi obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden hɔ ho, ne nsɛm a efi nnipa a wɔwɔ mogya mu kokoram anaa lymphoma pɔtee bi hɔ no ho. Ogyina ntotoho yi so, ne nea efi nhwehwɛmu afoforo mu bae no, de ba awiei wɔ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye sɛ wowɔ kokoram a osusuw sɛ wowɔ no ho.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ me ne oduruyɛfo no kasa?

Sɔhwɛ mu aba a wɔbɛtwɛn no betumi ayɛ adwennwen. Wowɔ nsɛmmisa apem wɔ w’adwene mu. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte nka sɛ wunnim bere a nea ebefi mu aba ne nea wɔbɛka.

Ebia wo nnya ɔhaw biara, ebia ɛbɛyɛ wo nwonwa sɛ wubehu `CBC` amanneɛbɔ no. Ebia wote nka sɛ woabrɛ kakra na wo ho nyɛ wo den bere tiaa bi. Nanso, eyi yɛ bere a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛtɔ yɛn bo ase. Eyi yɛ anammɔn biako pɛ wɔ akwantu a wode behu nea ɛrekɔ so wɔ wo nipadua mu no mu.

Wo duruyɛfo ne wo kwankyerɛfo a oye sen biara wɔ saa bere yi mu.

• Sɛ wunnim bere a wubenya nea ebefi mu aba no a, bisa wo duruyɛfo.
• Sɛ wunya nea efi mu ba no wie a, sɛ woanhu nea ɛwɔ mu no pefee a, bisa nsɛm kosi sɛ wobɛte ase. Ɛno ne wo hokwan.
• Mma nea ɛwɔ amanneɛbɔ no mu no nhaw wo. Ɛyɛ oduruyɛfo no asɛyɛde sɛ ɔkyerɛkyerɛ nea ɛkyerɛ ma wo mu.

W’akwahosan ho nsɛm pii wɔ wo nkwammoaa mu. Immunophenotyping yɛ adwinnade biako pɛ a ebetumi aboa wo ma woahu saa nsɛm no na woanya w’akwahosan ho ntease a emu dɔ. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu ne dadwen nka wɔ bere a ɛte sɛɛ mu. Sɛ wuhia mmoa a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka ho asɛm.