Dɛn ne mogya? (Mogya) Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm tiawa!

So woanya kuru ketewaa bi na woahu sɛ mogya kɔkɔɔ a ɛtɔ gu mu biako anaa abien retu afi mu pɛn? Ebia ɛyɛ bere a wode krataa bi twitwa wo nsa no. Yɛn nyinaa nim sɛ mogya yɛ ade kɔkɔɔ. Nanso, dɛn ankasa ne mogya yi? Dwuma bɛn na mogya yi di wɔ yɛn nipadua mu? Ɛno ne nea yɛbɛka ho asɛm nnɛ, a ɛnyɛ den te sɛ nea yɛne yɛn adamfo bɛkasa.

Dɛn ne mogya na dɛn nti na ɛho hia yɛn saa?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, mogya ho hia na ama yɛatumi atra ase. Ɛte sɛ pɛtro ma kar, mogya ma yɛn nipadua. Ɛyɛ mogya yi na ɛde nneɛma a yɛn nipadua no fã ketewaa biara, kyerɛ sɛ, nkwammoaa ne ntini biara hia na ama ayɛ adwuma no kɔ. Fa no sɛ lɔre adwuma bi a ɛde nneɛma kɔ kurow bi mu nyinaa.

• Ɛde oxygen kɔ: Sɛ yɛhome a, oxygen a ɛkɔ yɛn ahurututu mu no, mogya no de kɔ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua nyinaa mu no mu. Sɛ oxygen yi nni hɔ a, yɛn nkwammoaa ntumi ntra ase.
• Ɛma yenya aduannuru: Wɔnam mogya no so kyekyɛ aduannuru , te sɛ glucose, a wɔyam na ɛtwe fi aduan a yedi mu. Eyinom na ɛma yɛn nkwammoaa ahoɔden.
• Nwura a yeyi fi hɔ: Mogya no de nwura ( te sɛ carbon dioxide) a yɛn nkwammoaa no yɛ no san kɔ ahurututu mu, na ɛhɔ na yɛhome. Mogya nso boa ma woyi nwura afoforo fi nipadua no mu denam akwaa te sɛ asaabo ne mmerɛbo so.
• Ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban fi nyarewa ho: Nkwammoaa titiriw bi wɔ mogya no mu a ɛko tia mmoawa te sɛ mmoawa ne mmoawa a wɔhyɛn yɛn nipadua mu na wɔbɔ yɛn ho ban fi nyarewa ho . Ɛte sɛ asraafo a wɔbɔ wɔn ho ban wɔ yɛn nipadua mu.
• Nkwammoaa de nkrasɛm kɔ: Nkwammoaa yɛ nnuru a wɔde di dwuma a ɛhwɛ yɛn nipadua mu dwumadi biara so. Wɔde saa nkwaadɔm yi fi baabi kɔ baabi foforo wɔ mogya no mu.
• Ɛma nipadua no hyew yɛ yiye: Mogya nso boa ma yɛn nipadua mu hyew kɔ so yɛ hyew .
• Gyae mogyatɔw bere a wapira no: Mogya nso tumi siw mogya a ɛretu no so denam mogya a ɛtwetwe dodo a efi kuru ketewaa bi mpo mu a esiw ano so, denam mogya a ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw (mogya a ɛtwetwe) so .

Woahu, mogya nyɛ nsu kɔkɔɔ ketewaa bi kɛkɛ. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛyɛ den yiye, ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛma yɛn nipadua nkwa tra hɔ!

Dɛn na wɔde yɛ mogya no?

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ nneɛma ko a ɛka bom yɛ ade a ɛyɛ nwonwa yi, mogya. Mogya no afã atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ.

1. Plasma - Wei ne nsuo fã no.

2. Mogya mu nkwammoaa - Eyinom ne nkwammoaa ahorow a ɛsensɛn plasma mu.

Dɛn ne Plasma?

Fa no sɛ mogya te sɛ nnuaba salad a, ɛnde plasmaƐte sɛ syrup a ɛma nnuaba asinasin a ɛwɔ saa salad no mu no hyɛn nsu mu. Nanso eyi yɛ nsu a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ. Yɛn mogya mu 55% pɛ na ɛyɛ plasma .

Nsu titiriw na ɛyɛ plasma. Nanso nneɛma afoforo pii a ɛho hia nso wɔ mu:

• Protein: Protein ahorow pii wɔ hɔ, te sɛ albumin, globulin, ne fibrinogen. Eyinom boa ma wotumi di mogya mmoroso so, wɔyɛ nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa, na ɛboa ma mogya tu.
• Aduannuru: Nneɛma te sɛ glucose, amino acid, vitamin, ne srade a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no nam mogya mu de kɔ nkwammoaa mu.
• Nkwammoaa: Nkwammoaa a ɛhwɛ yɛn nipadua mu dwumadi ahorow so no nso tu kwan a wɔapete wɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa yi mu.
• Electrolytes: Nkyene te sɛ sodium, potassium, ne calcium. Eyinom ho hia ma ntini ahorow no dwumadi ne ntini ahorow no dwumadi.
• Nneɛma a wɔsɛe no: Nneɛma a wɔsɛe no te sɛ urea a woyi fi nkwammoaa mu no nso nam plasma so kɔ asaabo no mu.

Enti, plasma nyɛ nsu bi kɛkɛ, na mmom ɛyɛ yɛn nipadua no akwantu nhyehyɛe, aduannuru a yɛde ma, nwura a wɔtow gu, ne ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe no fã titiriw.

Mogya mu nkwammoaa ahorow bɛn na ɛwɔ hɔ?

Afei ma yɛnka mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛsensɛn nsu a wɔfrɛ no plasma mu no ho asɛm. Saa mogya mu nkwammoaa yi ahorow atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛwɔ hɔ. Ɔkwan biara wɔ dwumadi pɔtee bi.

1. Red Blood Cells / Erythrocytes - Nkwammoaa a ɛde nkwa ba yɛn nipadua mu!

Eyinom ne nkwammoaa a ɛdɔɔso sen biara wɔ yɛn mogya mu. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yi na ɛma mogya kɔla kɔkɔɔ. Saa nkwammoaa yi yɛ diski nketewa paa a ɛyɛ abien. Fa no sɛ donut ketewaa bi, nanso sɛ́ anka tokuru bɛto mfinimfini no, tokuru bi wɔ mfinimfini.

• Dwumadi titiriw: Protein titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no ``Hemoglobin`` a ɛwɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ mu ma saa nkwammoaa yi tumi de oxygen kɔ . Oxygen a yegye fi ahurututu mu no kyekyere hemoglobin na mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ de kɔ nkwammoaa afoforo a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa mu. Wɔboa nso ma mframa bɔne a ɛba nkwammoaa no mu no bi san ba ahurututu no mu.
• Nkwa nna: Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ biako tena ase bɛyɛ nnafua 120 . Ɛno akyi no, wɔsɛe wɔ mmerɛbo ne akyi berɛmo mu, na nkwammoaa foforo ba.
• Ɛhe na wɔyɛ?: Wɔyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ wɔ baabi a wɔfrɛ no nnompe mu ntini a ɛwɔ yɛn nnompe akɛse no mu.
• Ɔhaw ahorow: Sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow so tew, anaasɛ hemoglobin dodow so tew a, yɛn nipadua no nnya mframa pa a ɛdɔɔso. Yɛfrɛ saa tebea yi ``Anemia`` . Afei sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ ɔbrɛ, honam ani hwɛbea, ne ahome a ɛyɛ den betumi aba.

2. White Blood Cells / Leukocytes - Nipadua no ahobammɔ asraafo!

Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa ne yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no asraafo atitiriw . Wɔsõ sen mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, nanso wɔn dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no sua sen mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ de.

• Dwumadi titiriw: Nkwammoaa yi dwumadi titiriw ne sɛ ɛbɛko atia mmoawa (mmoawa, mmoawa, fungi, mmoawa) a wɔhyɛn yɛn nipadua mu na wɔasɛe wɔn, na wɔabɔ yɛn ho ban afi nyarewa ho . Wɔboa nso ma wohu nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so te sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa na wɔsɛe no.
• Ahorow ahorow: Ɛnyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa biako pɛ na ɛwɔ hɔ. Sɛnea asraafo akuw ahorow wɔ asraafo dɔm mu no, saa ara na mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa ahorow pii wɔ hɔ. Ɔkwan biara wɔ adwuma pɔtee bi:
• Neutrophils: Eyinom ne mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa a ɛdɔɔso sen biara. Wɔko tia ɔyare mmoawa titiriw.
• Nkwammoaa: Nkwammoaa ahorow abien na ɛwɔ hɔ, B-nkwaboaa ne T-nkwaboaa. B-nkwaboaa yɛ nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa . Saa nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa yi yɛ protein soronko a ɛboa ma wohu mmoawa na wɔtow hyɛ wɔn so. T-nkwaboaa sɛe nkwammoaa a wɔanya ɔyare no tẽẽ na ɛhyɛ nkwammoaa afoforo a ɛko tia nyarewa no so.
• Monocytes: Eyinom ne mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa no mu nea ɛsõ sen biara. Sɛ wofi mogya no mu kɔ ntini no mu a, wɔbɛyɛ nkwammoaa a wɔfrɛ no macrophages, a "ɛmene" na ɛtew mmoawa, nkwammoaa a awuwu, ne nneɛma afoforo a asɛe.
• Eosinophils: Eyinom titiriw ko tia nyarewa a efi mmoawa a wɔsɛe nnɔbae mu. Wobetumi ahu wɔn nso wɔ nneɛma a ɛma obi ho yɛ no yaw mu.
• Basophils: Eyinom ne mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa a ɛyɛ nketewa sen biara. Wɔma nnuru te sɛ histamine fi nipadua mu bere a obi ho yɛ no hyew no.
• Ɛhe na wɔyɛ?: Wɔyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa yi titiriw wɔ nnompe mu. Ahorow bi te sɛ lymphocytes nso nyin wɔ mmeae te sɛ lymph nodes.
• Ɔhaw ahorow: Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa dodow a ɛkɔ soro anaasɛ ɛba fam wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so no betumi akyerɛ sɛ ɔwɔ ayaresa tebea horow. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ɔyare mmoawa betumi ama mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa dodow akɔ soro. Leukemia yɛ kokoram a ɛba mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa mu.

3. Platelets / Thrombocytes - Akokodurufo nketewa a wogyae mogyatɔw!

Nkwammoaa mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu nyɛ nkwammoaa mũ nyinaa ankasa. Wɔyɛ nkwammoaa asinasin nketenkete paa a ɛpaapae fi nkwammoaa akɛse a wɔfrɛ no megakaryocytes a ɛwɔ nnompe mu ntini mu no mu. Wonni nuklea biara.

• Adwuma titiriw: Sɛ yenya kuru wɔ yɛn nipadua mu baabi na mogya ntini bi bubu a, ɛboa ma mogya no gyae.Eyi ne adwuma titiriw a mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu yi yɛ. Wɔba baabi a wɔapirapira no na wɔbom yɛ "plug" a ɛyɛ nnam. Afei wɔne protein bi a wɔfrɛ no fibrinogen a ɛwɔ mogya mu no bom yɛ mogya a ɛtɔ, na ɛma mogya no gyae koraa.
• Ɛhe na wɔyɛ?: Wɔyɛ eyinom nso wɔ nnompe mu.
• Ɔhaw ahorow: Sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa nketenkete dodow so tew (wɔfrɛ saa tebea yi `Thrombocytopenia`) a, mogya a ɛbɛtwetwe no betumi akyɛ. Afei, kuru ketewaa mpo betumi ayɛ den sɛ wobegyae mogya a ɛretu no, na honam ani betumi apirapira ntɛmntɛm. Ebia woate sɛ mogya mu mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow yi so tew wɔ nyarewa te sɛ dengue mu. Afei nso, mogya nkwammoaa dodow a ɛkɔ soro wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so anaasɛ wɔn dwumadi a ɛnteɛ betumi ama mogya a ɛtwetwe a ɛho nhia (`Thrombosis`) aba.

Afei ebia wobɛte ase sɛ mogya nyɛ nsu kɔkɔɔ ara kwa, na mmom sɛnea nneɛma a ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ nwonwa pii sisi wɔ mu no.

Dɛn nti na mogya yɛ kɔkɔɔ?

Eyi yɛ ɔhaw a nnipa pii wɔ. Sɛnea yɛaka ho asɛm dedaw no, mogya yɛ kɔkɔɔ esiane protein bi a wɔfrɛ no hemoglobin a ɛwɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ mu nti . Iron wɔ saa hemoglobin yi mu. Sɛ hemoglobin kyekyere oxygen (oxyhemoglobin) a, ɛyɛ kɔla kɔkɔɔ tuntum. Eyi ne nea yɛtaa hu wɔ mogya a ɛwɔ ntini ahorow no mu no mu. Mogya a ɛwɔ ntini no mu a oxygen kakraa bi na ɛwom (deoxyhemoglobin) no nya kɔla kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ tuntum kakra a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ. Nanso, mmoa bi wɔ mogya bruu anaa ahabammono, efisɛ ɛsono nnuru a ɛde mframa pa kɔ wɔn mogya mu. Yɛn mogya yɛ kɔkɔɔ esiane hemoglobin nti!

So yɛn nyinaa wɔ mogya koro? Momma yensua mogya ahorow ho ade kakra.

Ebia woate nsɛm te sɛ "Me mogya yɛ B positive" ne "Owia hia O negative mogya." Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ obiara mogya na ɛyɛ pɛ. Biribi wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no `mogya akuw` .

Saa mogya ahorow yi nam protein soronko a wɔfrɛ no `Antigens` a ɛwɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no ani so na ɛkyerɛ. Mogya nhyehyɛe atitiriw abien a ɛho hia ne:

1. ABO nhyehyɛe: Nea ɛne eyi hyia no, mogya ahorow anan na ɛwɔ hɔ: A, B, AB, ne O.

2. Rh nhyehyɛe: Sɛnea ɛte no, ɛwɔ ahorow abien: Rh positive (ɛwɔ Rh factor) ne Rh negative (enni Rh factor).

Yɛtaa frɛ mogya bi denam ABO ne Rh nhyehyɛe no nyinaa a yɛbɛka abom so (e.g. A positive, O negative).

Dɛn nti na mogya ahorow yi ho hia?

Nea ɛho hia paa ne sɛ, wɔ mogya a wɔde ma mu , kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ wode mogya rema obi a, ɛsɛ sɛ wode mogya a ɛne no hyia ma. Sɛ wode mogya a ɛne ne ho nhyia ma a, adeyɛ a ɛyɛ hu (`Transfusion reaction`) betumi aba onipa a ɔregye mogya no nipadua mu na ebetumi mpo de ne nkwa ato asiane mu. Ɛno nti, sɛ́ ɛyɛ mogya a wɔde ma anaa mogya a wɔde ma no, wonim mogya no pɛpɛɛpɛ na ɛne no hyia no.

Dɛn na yebetumi ayɛ na ama yɛn mogya akɔ so ayɛ yiye?

Mogya a edi dwuma titiriw saa wɔ yɛn nipadua mu no a yɛbɛma ayɛ yiye no ho hia yiye. Nneɛma nketenkete kakraa bi wɔ hɔ a yebetumi ayɛ de aboa:

• Aduan a ɛkari pɛ: Ɛsɛ sɛ wudi nnuan a iron pii wom (ahaban momono, nam kɔkɔɔ, atoko), folic acid, ne vitamin B12 (eyinom ho hia na ama mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ ayɛ). Hwɛ hu sɛ wode nhabannuru ne nnuaba a wɔayɛ no foforo bɛka w’aduan ho.
• Nom nsu a ɛdɔɔso: Mogya dodow no ara yɛ nsu (plasma). Enti, ɛho hia sɛ wosiw nsu a ɛho nhia wɔ nipadua no mu ano na ama mogya no anya akwahosan.
• Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ daa: Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ma koma bɔ ne mogya a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu no tu mpɔn.
• Kwati sigaretnom ne nsa a wɔnom boro so: Saa suban ahorow yi pira mogya no ne akwahosan nyinaa nso.
• Aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa: Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa te sɛ mogya dodow a edi mũ (FBC) betumi aboa ma wɔahu mogya mu haw biara ntɛm.

Kae sɛ asetra a ahoɔden wom ne ade titiriw a eye sen biara a ɛbɛma woanya mogya nhyehyɛe pa!

Nsɛm a Wɔaboaboa Ano: Nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae

Okay, enti yɛkaa mogya ho asɛm pii nnɛ, ɛnte saa?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, mogya yɛ ade a ɛma nkwa a ɛde mframa pa ne aduannuru kɔ yɛn nipadua mu nkwammoaa biara mu, yi nneɛma fĩ fi hɔ , ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban fi nyarewa ho , na ɛyɛ nnwuma afoforo pii a ɛho hia.

Mogya yɛ nkwammoaa a wɔfrɛ no `Red Blood Cells` , `White Blood Cells` , ne `Platelets`, a ɛsensɛn nsu bi a wɔfrɛ no `Plasma` mu. Nkwammoaa yi mu biara wɔ adwuma pɔtee bi.

Ɛho hia paa sɛ yekura adidi pa mu, yɛteɛteɛ yɛn apɔw mu, na yɛtwe yɛn ho fi subammɔne ho na ama yɛn mogya akɔ so atra apɔwmuden.

Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa anaa dadwen bi wɔ wo mogya ho a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Wo nipadua a wubehu no ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so abɔ bra pa.

Ate aseɛ? Mewɔ anidaso sɛ afei de woate nsu kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛnam wo nipadua mu yi ase yiye!

` Mogya, Plasma, Mogya Nkwammoaa Kɔkɔɔ, Mogya Nkwammoaa Fitaa, Nkwammoaa a Ɛma Nkwammoaa, Hemoglobin, Mogya Akuw