Dɛn ne allergy?

Yɛn nyinaa ate asɛmfua allergy, ɛnte saa? Nanso ebia woresusuw nea ɛyɛ allergy ankasa ne nea enti a ɛba no ho.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, allergy yɛ bere a yɛn nipadua no ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe, nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa , yɛ ade boro so wɔ biribi a mpɛn pii no ɛnmpira yɛn ho. Fa no sɛ awɛmfo a wɔwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no. Wɔn adwuma ne sɛ wɔbɛbɔ yɛn ho ban afi atamfo te sɛ mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba ho. Nanso nea ɛba wɔ allergy mu ne sɛ saa awɛmfo yi ho popo kakra na wofi ase tow hyɛ biribi a ɛnyɛ ɔtamfo ankasa so. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ adwuma boro so na yenya sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bere a yɛwɔ akisikuru no.

Dɛn na ɛde akisikuru ba? Yɛfrɛ saa nneɛma a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew yi.

Yɛfrɛ saa nneɛma a ɛde akisikuru ba yi sɛ nneɛma a ɛma obi ho yɛ no yaw . Nneɛma pii a ɛma yɛn ho yɛ hyew atwa yɛn ho ahyia. Bere a ebia wɔrenhaw nnipa binom no, wɔ obi a ne ho yɛ no hyew fam no, ebetumi ayɛ ɔhaw kɛse.

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ nea nneɛma a ɛtaa ba a ɛma obi ho yɛ no yaw yi yɛ:

• Nneɛma a ɛhyɛn mu bere a worehome no:
• Pollen : Ebia woahyɛ no nsow sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a sɛ nhwiren fifi a, nneɛma nketenkete a ɛte sɛ powder fi nnua mu kɔ mframa mu. Ɛno na wɔfrɛ no pollen. Nnipa pii ho nyɛ wɔn den wɔ saa pollen yi ho.
• Mfutuma mu nwansena: Eyinom yɛ abɔde nketenkete a wɔyɛ nketewa dodo sɛ wobehu wɔn. Wɔte yɛn afie mfutuma mu, mpa, pillow, ne mattress mu.
• Pet dander: Nnipa binom ho yɛ wɔn den wɔ saa nneɛma yi a efi mmoa te sɛ mpataa ne akraman mu ba no ho .
• Nwansena: Nwansena a ɛba afasu so wɔ mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ nwini nso betumi ama obi anya akisikuru.
• Aduan ne anonne ahorow:
• Nnuan bi nso betumi ama obi anya akisikuru. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nufusu, nkesua , nnuaba te sɛ atoko, akutu, soya, awi, mpataa, mpataa, ne squid ne nea ɛho hia titiriw. Nanso, aduan foforo biara a ɛnyɛ eyinom ho akisikuru betumi aba.
• Nkoekoemmoa a wɔka wɔn:
• Nnipa binom nso nya awuduru a efi mmoa te sɛ ntɛtea ne ntɛtea mu ho akisikuru kɛse.
• Nnuru ahorow a wɔde di dwuma:
• Nnuru bi te sɛ nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa te sɛ penicillin nso betumi ama obi anya akisikuru.
• Nneɛma a ɛka obi:
• Nnuru bi , te sɛ latex (a wohu wɔ nneɛma te sɛ nsateaa mu), ne dade te sɛ nickel (a wohu wɔ agude bi mu) nso betumi ama obi anya akisikuru bere a ɛka honam ani no.

Dɛn na ɛba nipadua no mu bere a wowɔ allergy?

Seesei ebia woresusuw sɛnea saa adeyɛ yi ba bere a biribi a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew hyɛn nipadua no mu no ho.

Nea ɛba ni: Sɛ biribi a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew (e.g. pollen) hyɛn obi a ne ho yɛ no hyew nipadua mu a, yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no susuw sɛ ɛyɛ ɔtamfo kɛse. Afei ɛyɛ antibody soronko bi a wɔfrɛ no IgE tia saa ‘ɔtamfo’ yi. Saa IgE antibodies yi kɔ na ɛbata nkwammoaa bi a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu a wɔfrɛ no mast cells ho .

Bere foforo a allergen koro no ara bɛka nipadua no ho no, ɛkyekyere IgE antibodies a ɛwɔ mast cells no so no. Afei mast cells no ‘pae’ na ɛma nnuru pii te sɛ histamine . Saa histamine no na ɛma obi nya akisikuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne pii, te sɛ ɛyaw, kɔkɔɔ , hwene a ɛtwetwe, ne aniwa a ɛyɛ nsu.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a: allergen -> IgE antibodies -> mast cells -> histamine -> allergy ho sɛnkyerɛnne

Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya akisikuru? Hwɛ sɛ wo nso wowɔ eyinom anaa

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya akisikuru no betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ onipa biara ho. Ɛsono nso gyina nea ade a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew ne sɛnea ɛhyɛn nipadua no mu so. Momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛtaa ba no bi:

• Ɔhome mu Nsɛnkyerɛnne:
• Fefe a wɔtaa defe .
• Hwene a ɛretu (a atiridii nnim mpo).
• Anom a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Ɔfe, koko a ɛyɛ den, ahome a ɛyɛ den (eyinom yɛ ayamtu ho sɛnkyerɛnne) .(Ebetumi nso ne tebea no wɔ abusuabɔ).
• Menewa a ɛyɛ wo yaw, ɛnne sesa.
• Nnipa binom nso frɛ eyi Hay Fever anaa Allergic Rhinitis .

• Honam ani Nsɛnkyerɛnne:
• Wora a ɛyɛ wo yaw.
• Honam ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ ( Urticaria anaa Hives ).
• Wora a ɛyɛ nwunu, ɛyɛ mmerɛw, na ɛyɛ kurukuruwa (eyinom nso betumi aba wɔ tebea horow te sɛ eczema ho ).

• Aniwa Ho Nsɛnkyerɛnne:
• Aniwa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ.
• Aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Nusu a ɛresen fi aniwa so.
• Ɛhonhon, ɛyɛ sum wɔ aniwa ase.

• Yafunu mu Nsɛnkyerɛnne – (titiriw wɔ aduan ho akisikuru mu):
• Akisikuru, ɔfe.
• Yafunu mu yaw, yafunu a ɛyɛ hyew.
• Bloating (akisikuru).
• Ano, ano, tɛkrɛma anaa menewa a ɛyɛ wo yaw, ɛyɛ wo yaw.

• Nneɛma afoforo a ɛwɔ mu:
• Aso a ɛyɛ yaw, nhyɛso a wɔte nka wɔ aso no mu.
• Tipaeɛ.
• Ɔbrɛ, ɔbrɛ.

Ade a ɛyɛ hu sen biara a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew: Anaphylaxis

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, akisikuru betumi ayɛ kɛse. Yɛfrɛ eyi anaphylaxis . Eyi yɛ tebea a egye ntɛmpɛ a ɛde nkwa to asiane mu. Nea ɛba ne sɛ nipadua no nyinaa yɛ n’ade prɛko pɛ.

Anaphylaxis ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne:

• Anim, ano, tɛkrɛma, ne menewa a ɛho ahonhon mpofirim.
• Ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa, koko a ɛyɛ den.
• Fainting/dizziness, te nka sɛ woreyɛ ahwere w’adwene.
• Koma a ɛbɔ denneennen.
• Wora a ɛyɛ nwini, fifiri a ɛyɛ nwini.
• Akisikuru, ɔfe, yafunu mu akisikuru.

Anaphylaxis yɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea a egye ntɛmpɛ. Sɛ wuhu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara. Nnuruyɛfo tu nnipa a wɔn ho yɛ wɔn hyew kɛse bi fo sɛ wɔmfa adrenaline a wɔde twitwiw wɔn (te sɛ EpiPen) nkɔ wɔn nsam mfa nni dwuma wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo betumi ahu sɛ wo ho yɛ wo hyew anaa?

Sɛ wususuw sɛ wowɔ allergy a, ade a eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Oduruyɛfo no bebisa wo nsɛm afa wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho, te sɛ bere a ɛba, nea woyɛ, ne sɛ ebia emu yɛ den anaa. Wobebisa nso sɛ ebia obi wɔ w’abusua mu a ɔwɔ akisikuru anaa, efisɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a akisikuru tumi tu mmirika wɔ mmusua mu.

Afei, wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi de ahu nea ɛyɛ akisikuru no ankasa:

• Skin Prick Test: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wode biribi a wosusuw sɛ ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew kakraa bi pɛ bɛpete wo honam ani (mpɛn pii no wo nsa anaa w’akyi) na wode ade ketewaa bi abɔ mu. Sɛ mmeae no bi yɛ kɔkɔɔ, ɛho ahonhon, anaasɛ ɛyɛ wo yaw wɔ simma 15-20 ntam a, na wo ho nyɛ wo hyew wɔ saa aduru a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew no ho. Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ ntɛm na ɛnyɛ den.
• Mogya mu Nhwehwɛmu: Ɛtɔ da bi a, wɔ nnipa a wontumi nyɛ honam ani nhwehwɛmu (e.g., wɔn a wɔn honam ani yare a emu yɛ den anaa wɔn a wɔnom nnuru bi) fam no, wɔyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu. Eyi yɛ nhwehwɛmu hwɛ sɛ ebia wo mogya no wɔ IgE antibodies a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm a ɛko tia nneɛma pɔtee bi a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew no anaa. Wɔsan frɛ eyi RAST sɔhwɛ (Radioallergosorbent sɔhwɛ), anaasɛ Specific IgE sɔhwɛ .

Sɛ oduruyɛfo no de nea efi nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi mu ba ne wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bom a, obetumi akyerɛ wo pɛpɛɛpɛ sɛ ebia wowɔ akisikuru bi, na sɛ ɛte saa a, nea ɛyɛ.

Sɛ yɛwɔ akisikuru a, dɛn na yebetumi ayɛ? Yɛbɛyɛ dɛn atumi adi eyi so?

Sɛ wuhu sɛ wowɔ allergy a, mma wo ho nnpopo. Ɛwom sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛsa akisikuru koraa de, nanso akwan pii wɔ hɔ a wobɛfa so atew ɔhaw a ɛde ba no so na woatra ase yiye.

1. Kwati a wobɛkwati aduru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew:

Eyi ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara. Sɛ wunim nea wo ho yɛ wo hyew yiye a, ayaresa a eye sen biara ne sɛ wobɛkwati sɛnea wubetumi biara.

• Sɛ mfutuma ho nyɛ wo den a, ma wo fie ho ntew na fa nsu a ɛyɛ hyew hohoro wo mpa ho mpɛn pii.
• Sɛ wo ho nyɛ wo hyew wɔ pollen ho a, hyɛ akatawia bere a wowɔ abɔnten wɔ pollen dodow a ɛkɔ soro mu no, na guare bere a woadu fie no.
• Sɛ aduan bi ho yɛ wo hyew a, kwati sɛ wubedi biribiara a saa aduan no wom. Kenkan nneɛma a wɔde yɛ aduan no ho nkyerɛwde no yiye bere a woretɔ aduan wɔ sotɔɔ mu no.

2. Nnuru a wɔde di dwuma:

Nnuruyɛfo kyerɛw nnuru ahorow a wɔde siw akisikuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne ano.

• Nnuru a Ɛko Tia Histamine: Eyinom ne nnuru a wɔtaa kyerɛw ma obi a ɔde sa akisikuru. Wɔtew ɛyaw, hwene a ɛsen, ne ahurututu a histamine de ba no so. Wɔba wɔ nnuru a wɔde sa yare, srade, nnuru a wɔde petepete hwene mu, ne nnuru a wɔde petepete aniwa mu.
• Nnuru a wɔde yɛ corticosteroids:Eyinom yɛ nnuru a ano yɛ den a ɛtew ɔfe so. Wɔba wɔ nnuru a wɔde petepete hwene mu, nnuru a wɔde home (ma wɔn a wɔwɔ ayamtu), nnuru a wɔde gu nipadua no so, ne ɛtɔ mmere bi a nnuru a wɔde di dwuma bere tiaa bi. Ɛsɛ sɛ wode eyinom di dwuma sɛnea wo duruyɛfo kyerɛ no pɛpɛɛpɛ.
• Nnuru a ɛma hwene mu yɛ den: Nnuru a ɛma anom a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no so tew. Nanso, ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde eyinom di dwuma bere nyinaa bɛboro nna kakraa bi.
• Leukotriene modifiers: Aduru foforo a wɔde sa ayamtu ne sare atiridii.

3. Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa:

Eyi yɛ ayaresa a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ. Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wufi ase fi allergen a wo ho yɛ wo den no kakraa bi pɛ so na wode nkakrankakra ma dodow no kɔ soro, denam nea wode bɛhyɛ wo nipadua mu ( allergy shots ) anaasɛ wode bɛma sɛ tablets wɔ wo tɛkrɛma ase ( sublingual immunotherapy – SLIT ). Bere kɔ so no, wo nipadua no sua ade a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew no na ɛnyɛ adwuma pii. Eyi nyɛ adwuma mma obiara, nanso edi yiye paa ma ebinom. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ eyi wɔ oduruyɛfo titiriw bi hwɛ ase.

4. Ayaresa a Wɔde Ma Ntɛmntɛm:

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, sɛ anaphylactic a emu yɛ den ba a, adrenaline a wɔde twitwiw nipadua no mu (te sɛ EpiPen) gye nkwa. Ɛho hia yiye sɛ nnipa a wɔn ho yɛ wɔn hyew kɛse no de eyi tra wɔn nsam na wonim sɛnea wɔde di dwuma.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn? Hena ne obi a ɔhwɛ akisikuru?

Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn sɛ wowɔ eyinom mu bi a:

• Sɛ wotaa nya allergy ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛmma wuntumi nyɛ wo da biara da dwumadi ahorow a.
• Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wuhu nea wo ho yɛ wo hyew ankasa a.
• Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛte sɛ ayamtu (ɔfe, ahurututu, wo koko a ɛyɛ den).
• Sɛ wowɔ aduan bi ho adwene a emu yɛ den a.
• Sɛ nkoekoemmoa bi keka wo na wo ho yɛ wo den a.

Oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ ayarefo nyinaa betumi asa tebea atitiriw a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew. Nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ akisikuru no mu yɛ den kɛse, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobehu, anaasɛ emu yɛ den a, wobetumi de wo akɔ oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ nipadua mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa so nkyɛn . Wɔatete nnuruyɛfo yi titiriw ma wɔahu nea ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew na wɔasa. Wobetumi ayɛ nneɛma te sɛ honam ani nhwehwɛmu ne nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa.

Enti, nneɛma bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fi eyinom nyinaa mu? (Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie)

Okay, yɛaka allergies ho asɛm pii mprempren, ɛnte saa? Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae ni:

• Allergy nyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wosuro, nanso ɛho hia sɛ wohwɛ yiye. Allergy yɛ yɛn nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ ade boro so wɔ biribi a asiane biara nni ho ho ara kwa.
• Ade a edi kan ne sɛ wubehu nea wo ho yɛ wo hyew.
• Nneɛma a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew a wobɛkwati ne ahobammɔ a eye sen biara. Twe wo ho fi nneɛma a enye mma wo ho bere biara a ɛbɛyɛ yiye.
• Nnuru pa wɔ hɔ a wɔde siw yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ano. Fa di dwuma sɛnea wo duruyɛfo kyerɛ no.
• Hwɛ yiye wɔ adeyɛ a emu yɛ den a wɔfrɛ no anaphylaxis ho. Ɛyɛ asɛm a egye ntɛmpɛ. Sɛ ɛba saa a, kɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara. Sɛ wowɔ allergy a emu yɛ den a, fa adrenaline injection bɛn wo.
• Ɛyɛ yiye sɛ wobɛtra ase sɛnea ɛsɛ na anigye wom a wowɔ allergy. Egye ara kwa sɛ wobɛhwɛ so yiye.

Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa foforo anaa biribi a ɛhaw wo a, wo ne oduruyɛfo nkasa. Wɔwɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛboa wo.