Nnipa pii suro bere a wɔte asɛmfua "biopsy" no, ɛnte saa? Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wɔbɛte ehu nka kakra bere a wɔte asɛmfua "biopsy" no. Nanso susuw ho hwɛ sɛ ɔkwan bi wɔ hɔ a wobɛfa so ahu kokoram nkwammoaa ho asɛm denam wo mogya a wobɛfa no so? Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ saa mfiridwuma a ɛyɛ nwonwa, a ɛyɛ nwonwa yi, "Liquid Biopsy." Eyi ama wɔn a wɔko tia kokoram no anya anidaso kɛse.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne saa Liquid Biopsy yi?

Liquid Biopsy yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu titiriw bi a wɔde hu akisikuru. Fa no sɛ, sɛ akisikuru bi nyin wɔ yɛn nipadua mu na enyin a, akisikuru no mu nketenkete paapae na ɛkɔ mogya no mu. Te sɛ plaster asinasin a ɛrehwe ase afi ɔfasu dedaw bi so ara pɛ. Yebetumi de Liquid Biopsy nhwehwɛmu yi ahu kokoram asinasin a ɛkɔ mogya no mu no.

Nneɛma atitiriw abien na ebetumi aba mogya no mu:

• Circulating tumor cells (CTCs): Eyinom yɛ kokoram nkwammoaa mũ a atew afi akisikuru no ho na ɛfa nipadua no nyinaa mu fa mogya no mu.
• Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA): Eyinom yɛ awosu mu nsɛm nketenkete (DNA) a ɛwɔ kokoram nkwammoaa mu. DNA te sɛ "blueprint" a akwankyerɛ a nkwammoaa hia na ama ayɛ adwuma nyinaa wom. Sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa wuwu a, saa DNA asinasin yi boaboa ano wɔ mogya no mu.

Sɛ wowɔ saa CTC anaa ctDNA yi wɔ wo mogya mu a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ kokoram wɔ wo nipadua mu baabi. Afei nso, saa nsɛm yi betumi ama yɛanya nhumu kɛse wɔ kokoram no awosu mu nsɛm ho. Sɛ wode saa nsɛm no di dwuma a, wo duruyɛfo betumi aboa wo ma woahu ayaresa a eye ma wo.

Eyi da so ara yɛ mfiridwuma foforo koraa, nanso nyansahufo gye di sɛ ebetumi asakra kokoram ayaresa. Nsɔhwɛ ahorow pii wɔ hɔ dedaw a nnwumakuw te sɛ U.S. Aduan ne Nnuru Dwumadibea (FDA) apene so.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na eyi yɛ soronko wɔ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ daa no ho?

Nsonsonoe kɛse da abien no ntam. Wɔ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa mu no, wogye ntini bi fi kokoram akisikuru no mu tẽẽ na wɔsɔ hwɛ. Nanso, wɔ nsu mu biopsy mu no, wɔmfa nhwɛsode bi mfi akisikuru no mu. Mmom no, ɛhwehwɛ adanse a ɛkyerɛ sɛ kokoram (kokoram nkwammoaa anaa DNA asinasin) wɔ mogya no mu.

Momma yɛnhwɛ saa pon yi na yɛama nsonsonoe a ɛda abien no ntam no mu ada hɔ bio.

Wɔ nsu mu nhwehwɛmu mu no, hokwan ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ sɛ sɛ kokoram wɔ nipadua no mu mpo a, mogya a wɔfa saa bere no rennya kokoram nkwammoaa. Nanso, sɛ wohu kokoram a, nsɛm a ɛde ma no som bo kɛse ma ayaresa ho nhyehyɛe.

Wɔ tebea horow bɛn mu na wɔyɛ nsu mu nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu?

Oduruyɛfo taa kamfo nhwehwɛmu yi kyerɛ ayarefo a wɔn kokoram akɔ anim kɛse na atrɛw akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo (kokoram a ɛtrɛw kɔ mmeae afoforo). Eyi boa wɔn ma wosi nea wɔbɛyɛ akyi, titiriw sɛ mprempren ayaresa ahorow no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye a.

Nneɛma atitiriw pii nti na wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi:

1. Kyerɛ nkɔmhyɛ a ɛbɛba

CTC (kokoram nkwammoaa) dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no betumi ama wɔanya ɔyarefo no tebea ho adwene a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. CTC dodow a ɛba fam wɔ mogya no mu no kyerɛ sɛ tebea no ye kakra. Nanso, sɛ CTC pii wɔ hɔ a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ yare no mu yɛ den kakra. Saa kwan yi so no, nnuruyɛfo betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu yi bere ne bere mu, ahwɛ sɛnea yare no reyɛ n’ade wɔ ayaresa ho, na wɔasesa ayaresa no ma ɛne no ahyia.

2. Si ayaresa ho gyinae

Eyi yɛ mfaso a ɛsom bo sen biara a ɛwɔ Liquid Biopsy so no mu biako. Kokoram nkwammoaa bi wɔ awosu mu mfomso pɔtee bi. Nnuru pɔtee bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde wɔn ani si saa nsakrae ahorow no nkutoo so. Yɛfrɛ eyi ``ayaresa a wɔde asi wɔn ani so''. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛte sɛ ɔpon a wɔde safe pɔtee bi nkutoo na ebue. Liquid Biopsy betumi akyerɛ wo "lock" ko a wo kokoram nkwammoaa wɔ. Afei wo duruyɛfo betumi ama wo "safe" (nnuru) a ɛfata ama saa.

3. Sɛ wɔantumi anyɛ biopsy a ɛfata a

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebia ɔyarefo bi ayɛ mmerɛw dodo sɛ wɔbɛyɛ no biopsy daa. Anaasɛ ebia akisikuru no wɔ akwaa bi fã bi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye na ɛyɛ den sɛ wobedu ho, te sɛ amemene anaa ahurututu mu. Sɛ wotwitwa asinasin bi fi beae a ɛte saa a, asiane wɔ hɔ sɛ ɛbɛsɛe ntini a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden a atwa ho ahyia no. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, nsu a wɔde yɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a asiane biara nni ho no so wɔ mfaso kɛse.

Dɛn ne Liquid Biopsy nhwehwɛmu a wɔapene so mprempren no?

Nhwehwɛmu pii rekɔ so wɔ wiase nyinaa. Mprempren sɔhwɛ atitiriw pii wɔ hɔ a FDA apene so wɔ United States, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔasɔ ahwɛ yiye sɛ ebia ahobammɔ ne pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ:

• Cell Search® Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) Test: Eyi kyerɛ CTC (kokoram nkwammoaa) dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu. Wɔde hwɛ sɛnea ayarefo a wɔwɔ nufu, prostate, ne akyi berɛmo mu kokoram a atrɛw wɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa te.
• cobas® EGFR Mutation Test v2: Eyi hwehwɛ ctDNA (kokoram DNA asinasin) mu. Ɛkyerɛ nsakrae a ɛba EGFR awosu mu abɔde mu, a ɛtaa ba titiriw wɔ ahurututu mu kokoram (ahurututu mu kokoram a ɛnyɛ nkwammoaa nketewa - NSCLC). Nea ɛne eyi hyia no, wobetumi apaw `ayaresa a wɔde asi wɔn ani so` a ɛfata sen biara.
• Guardant360® CDx: Eyi nso hwehwɛ ctDNA. Ɛkyerɛ awosu mu nsakrae a wɔtaa hu wɔ kokoram ahorow pii mu na ɛboa nnuruyɛfo ma wɔpaw ayaresa a etu mpɔn sen biara.
• FoundationOne® Liquid CDx: Eyi nso yɛ ctDNA sɔhwɛ a wɔde hu awosu mu nsakrae a ɛba kokoram ahorow mu, a ebetumi aboa ma wɔahu ayaresa a etu mpɔn sen biara.

So sɔhwɛ yi yɛ yaw? Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na woanya nea efi mu ba no?

Ade a eye sen biara wɔ Liquid Biopsy ho ne sɛ ɛyɛ adeyɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye, ɛnyɛ yaw. Ɛte sɛ nea wɔde mogya ma de yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu daa ara pɛ. Ɛyaw biara nni hɔ sɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw kakra bere a wɔde ade no ahyɛ mu no.

Wɔde wo mogya no kɔ aduruyɛdan bi mu, baabi a nyarewa ho animdefo yiyi plasma no fi mogya no mu na wɔsɔ hwɛ sɛ ebia CTC anaa ctDNA wɔ hɔ anaa. Mpɛn pii no, egye adapɛn abien kosi abiɛsa ansa na wɔanya nea efi mu ba.

Nea efi mu ba no kyerɛ wo sɛ ebia kokoram nkwammoaa anaa DNA asinasin wɔ wo mogya mu (ɛyɛ papa) anaasɛ enni mu (ɛnyɛ papa). Sɛ wonya bi a, nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi nso betumi ahu kokoram ko a wofi mu ne awosu mu nsakrae a wɔwɔ.