Yɛn nyinaa te mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba ho asɛm bere nyinaa. Nanso mmoawa ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a yɛnka ho asɛm pii, nanso ebetumi de akwahosan ho haw ahorow bi aba, titiriw ma nnipa a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw. Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka mmoawa kuw bi a wɔtaa tra nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia mu, nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔhyɛn yɛn nipadua mu na wɔde nyarewa ba ho asɛm.
Dɛn ne NTM yi?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, NTM yɛ Nontuberculous Mycobacteria . Eyi yɛ mmoawa kuw bi. Ebia woate nsamanwaw ne kwata ho asɛm. NTM yɛ mycobacteria kuw bi a wɔne mmoawa a wɔde saa nyarewa no ba no wɔ abusuabɔ, nanso wɔmfa saa nyarewa abien no mma.
Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wobetumi ahu mmoawa yi wɔ baabiara wɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no mu. Wɔte dɔte, mfutuma, ne nsu mu titiriw. Mpɛn pii no, sɛ mmoawa yi hyɛn yɛn nipadua mu mpo a, yɛrennyare. Nanso, nnipa binom, titiriw wɔn a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no, tumi nya ɔyare no.
Nipadua no afã horow bɛn na NTM yare no betumi aka?
- Ahurututu: Nyarewa a ɛtaa ba ne ahurututu mu yare.
- Mogya
- Nnompe (ne tiaatwa mu no, nnompe) .
- Lymph nodes (a ɛho ahonhon) .
- Wora ne ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw
Mpɛn pii no, obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden a ne nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ntaa nnya ɔyare mmoawa wɔ ahurututu no akyi. Nanso, wɔ obi a ne nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw mu no, saa ɔyare mmoawa yi betumi atrɛw (atrɛw) wɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa.
Dɛn ne NTM yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne?
NTM yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a ɛtaa ba. Nanso esiane sɛ wotumi hu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi wɔ nyarewa afoforo pii nso mu nti, sɛ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi wɔ hɔ a, ɛnyɛ nea ɛkyerɛ ankasa sɛ obi anya NTM.
Nneɛma a wɔtaa yɛ ne:
- Atiridiinini a ɛreba
- Ɔbrɛ
- Mu duru a ɛso tew
- Ntini a ɛma mogya tu a ahonhon
Wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛtaa ba yi akyi no, sɛnkyerɛnne pɔtee afoforo nso betumi ada adi a egyina faako a ɔyare no wɔ so. Momma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ.
| Beae a ɔyare mmoawa no wɔ | Nsɛnkyerɛnne pɔtee bi a ebia wobehu |
|---|---|
| Wedeɛ | Ɛyaw, kɔkɔɔ, ɔfe, akuru anaa akuru, akisikuru. |
| Nnompe ne nkwaa (Ntini ne nnompe) . | Nkwaa mu yaw ne nkwaa a ɛyɛ den. |
| Ahrawa | Ɔfe (ɛtɔ mmere bi a mogya wɔ nsu mu), ɔhome a ɛyɛ den. |
Ɔkwan bɛn so na saa NTM yareɛ yi ba?
Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, saa mmoawa yi wɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia mu, enti akwan pii wɔ hɔ a yebetumi afa so de akɔ yɛn nipadua mu.
- Ɛnam nsu so: Ɛdenam nsu a NTM mmoawa wom a wobɛnom, aguare, anaa aguare so.
- Ɛdenam home so: Ɛdenam mmoawa a wɔhome wɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia mu so. Saa asiane yi yɛ kɛse titiriw ma obi a ɔwɔ ahurututu mu yare dedaw.
- Ɛnam nnuruyɛ mfiri so: Ɛnam nnuruyɛ mfiri bi a wɔde hyɛ nipadua no mu (sɛ nhwɛso no, nsukorade te sɛ ntini a ɛwɔ mfinimfini) anaa nnwinnade a wɔde yɛ oprehyɛn so.
- Ɛnam nnade so: Ɛdenam nnade a ɛho ntew a wɔde twitwiw nnubɔne mu, wɔde nnubɔne gu mu, anaasɛ wɔyɛ tattoo so.
Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ, ebetumi agye bere tenten ansa na saa mmoawa yi akɔ nipadua no mu na wɔde yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne aba. Enti, ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wubehu baabi pɔtee a wunyae ne ɔkwan a wofaa so nyaa ɔyare no.
So eyi yɛ ɔyare mmoawa fi onipa biako so kɔ foforo so?
Dabi, wɔntaa nnya NTM yare mmoawa mfi onipa biako hɔ nkɔ foforo mu. Enti, wommu no sɛ ɛyɛ yare a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba.
Hena na ɔwɔ asiane mu kɛse?
Ɛwom sɛ ɔyare mmoawa yi atwa yɛn ho ahyia de, nanso ɛnyɛ yɛn nyinaa na yɛyare. Nanso, nnipa binom wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya saa ɔyare mmoawa yi.
| Asiane a ɛde ba | Nkyerɛmu |
|---|---|
| Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa a ayɛ mmerɛw | Sɛ wowɔ HIV, kokoram, anaa tebea foforo a ɛma wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw a. |
| Nnuru a ɛma nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa | Sɛ worenom nnuru a ɛma nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa a. |
| Ahurututu mu yare a na ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw | Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu nyarewa te sɛ cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, ayamtu anaa ahurututu mu yare a. |
| Mfiri a wɔde hyɛ nipadua no mu | Sɛ wowɔ ntini wɔ wo nipadua mu (e.g. central venous line, breathing tube, feeding tube). |
Bio nso, mmea a wɔn nipadua mu duru sua (BMI) ne akwahosan tebea afoforo te sɛ GERD (acid reflux disease) ne scoliosis no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya ahurututu mu NTM yare.
Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu eyi, Oduruyɛfo?
Esiane sɛ NTM yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ nyarewa afoforo nti, ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu pii na ama wɔahu no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Oduruyɛfo no bedi anammɔn yi akyi:
1. Wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a wubebisa: Yɛbɛtie no yiye na yɛahu sɛnea wo ho nyɛ wo dɛ.
2. W’akwahosan ho abakɔsɛm a wobɛhwɛ: Nyarewa afoforo a wowɔ ne nnuru a worenom ho asɛm a wubebisa.
3. Nyarewa afoforo a wɔayi afi mu: Hwɛ sɛ wunni nyarewa afoforo a ɛtaa ba anaa ayaresa tebea horow.
4. Nhwehwɛmu titiriw: Wɔde mogya, ntini nhwɛsode, anaa ahurututu nhwɛsode kɔma kɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ aduruyɛdan mu (`amammerɛ`) de hwehwɛ NTM mmoawa.
Nhwehwɛmu ahorow a wɔde hu yare no
- Koko so X-ray a wɔyɛ
- CT scan a wɔde yɛ adwuma
- Bronchoscopy: Adeyɛ a wɔde afiri ketewaa bi a mfoninitwa afiri wom kɔ ahurututu no mu ma wɔyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu.
- Biopsy: Ntini ketewaa bi a wogye fi baabi a ɔyare no wɔ no kɔhwɛ.
- Acid-fast bacilli test: Mycobacteria a wohu wɔ ahurututu, mogya, anaa ntini mu nhwɛsode mu.
Ɔkwan biako pɛ a wobɛfa so ahu sɛ wowɔ NTM yare no ne sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn na woayɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛho hia. Wo ankasa wuntumi nkyerɛ eyi.
Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa eyi?
NTM yareɛ a wɔsa no yɛ adeyɛ a ɛkyɛ. Nnuruyɛfo taa kyerɛw nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ahorow abien anaa abiɛsa a wɔaka abom . Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔnom nnuru yi bere tenten te sɛ asram 12 na ama ɔyare mmoawa no afi hɔ koraa.
Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ oprehyɛn de yi ntini a asɛe no fi hɔ. Wɔ ahurututu mu nyarewa ho no, wɔkamfo apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a wɔde home ne ayaresa ahorow a ɛbɛboa ma nsu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no afi hɔ nso kyerɛ.
So ayaresa no mu nsunsuanso bɔne bi wɔ hɔ?
Aane. Sɛ obi nom nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa bere tenten a, ebetumi de ɔhaw ahorow bi aba. Enti, sɛ wuhu sɛnkyerɛnne biara a ɛyɛ soronko bere a worenom aduru no a, ɛsɛ sɛ woka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara.
Nneɛma bɔne a ebetumi afi mu aba:
- Aso a ɛyɛ mmerɛw
- Anisoadehu sesa
- Koma mu nnyigyei a ɛnteɛ (`Long QT syndrome`) .
- Mmɛn anaa asaabo a ɛsɛe
Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu?
Sɛ w’ahurututu mu yare, wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw, wɔayɛ wo oprehyɛn, anaasɛ wɔde aduruyɛ afiri bi ahyɛ wo nipadua mu a, bisa wo duruyɛfo no sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ebetumi aba sɛ woanya ɔyare mmoawa no ho asɛm. Sɛ wuhu sɛnkyerɛnne biara a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu.
Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU)?
Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne a emu yɛ den a edidi so yi mu biara a, kɔ ayaresabea Dwumadibea a Ɛhwɛ Ntɛmntɛm (ETU) ntɛm ara.
| Nsɛnkyerɛnne a emu yɛ den | Nkyerɛmu |
|---|---|
| Atiridiinini a emu yɛ den | Sɛ atiridiinini no boro digrii Celsius 40 (103 Fahrenheit) a. |
| Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den kɛse | Sɛ ɛyɛ den dodo sɛ wobɛhome a. |
| Koko mu yaw | Sɛ wowɔ koko mu yaw a emu yɛ den a. |
| Kesereneeyɛ | Sɛ wowɔ memory lapse, beae anaa bere a wuntumi nkae. |
| Nyarewa a ɛba kuru bi mu | Sɛ beae a wɔyɛ oprehyɛn anaa kuru bi yɛ kɔkɔɔ, ɛho ahonhon, ɛyɛ yaw, anaasɛ ɛnsa a. |
Mɛyɛ dɛn atumi abɔ me ho ban afi ɔyare mmoawa yi ho?
Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare anaasɛ wo nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw a, wubetumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no so denam mmeae a NTM mmoawa abu so a wobɛkwati no so.
- Kwati sɛ wode nsu a ɛyɛ hyew bedi dwuma: titiriw nea ɛwɔ dan mu, mmeae a wɔato mu.
- Kwati nnuru a wɔde petepete nsuyiri a ɛyɛ nwini so: Tew nnuru a wɔde petepete so a ɛma nsu nketenkete a ɛyɛ fɛ a wobetumi ahome no nni dwuma no so.
- Hwɛ yiye bere a wode dɔte reyɛ adwuma no: Hyɛ anim akataso ne nsateaa, titiriw bere a wode dɔte a wɔde yɛ nkuku reyɛ adwuma no.
- Kwati sɛ wobɛyɛ tattoo: Asiane wɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ɔyare mmoawa esiane nnwinnade a ɛho agu fĩ a wode bedi dwuma nti.
NTM yare mmoawa yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi. Nanso sɛ wunya bi a, ɔkwan a wɔfa so hu yare no ne ayaresa no betumi agye bere. Enti ɛho hia sɛ yenya abotare. Fa w’aduru no sɛnea wo duruyɛfo akyerɛ wo no, bere tenten no nyinaa. Ka ɔhaw biara a wubehyia bere a woreyɛ ayaresa no ho asɛm kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- NTM yɛ mycobacteria bi a ɛnyɛ nsamanwaw anaa kwata, na mmom ɛtra nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia (asase, nsu).
- Mpɛn pii no, saa nyarewa yi mfi onipa biako mu nkɔ foforo mu.
- Nnipa a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw ne wɔn a wɔwɔ ahurututu mu yare no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya NTM yare no.
- Nsɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ ɔfe, atiridiinini, ɔbrɛ, ne mu duru a ɛso tew betumi aba, na aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu ho hia na ama wɔahu yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ.
- Ayaresa no behia sɛ wɔde nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa di dwuma asram pii, na ɛho hia yiye sɛ wodi nnuruyɛfo afotu akyi.
- Sɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a emu yɛ den ba a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ntɛm ara.
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