So w’ani renya mogya a ɛnkɔ so no so tew? Momma yensua saa (Ocular Ischemic Syndrome) yi ho ade!

So w’ani ayera mpofirim, anaasɛ worehyia ɛyaw anaa emu duru bi a ɛyɛ nwonwa a wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu wɔ w’ani biako anaa abien no nyinaa mu? Anaasɛ sɛ wokɔ abɔnten a, w’ani dan bruu? Ɛtɔ mmere bi a yesusuw sɛ eyinom yɛ aniwa a ɛyɛ den ara kwa, nanso ebia biribi a anibere wom kɛse wɔ akyi. Ɛno ne nea Ocular Ischemic Syndrome yɛ. Ɛwom sɛ ebia edin no bɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ hu kakra de, nanso momma yɛnka ho asɛm tiawa.

Dɛn ne eyi `(Ocular Ischemic Syndrome)`?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Ocular Ischemic Syndrome yɛ aniwa mu yare a ɛntaa nsi a ɛba bere a yɛn aniwa nnya mogya a ɛdɔɔso no. Eyi fi srade (a wɔsan frɛ no plaques) a ɛwɔ mogya ntini akɛse a ɛwɔ yɛn kɔn mu a wɔfrɛ no Carotid Artery no mu titiriw. Saa mogya ntini yi nso de mogya kɔ yɛn aniwa so. Enti, sɛ mogya ntini yi siw a, mogya dodow a ɛkɔ aniwa no so no so tew. Eyi betumi de anisoadehu mu haw ne aniwa mu yaw aba.

Ɔkwan foforo so no, nea edin yi kyerɛ, asɛmfua biara, te sɛ nea edidi so yi:

• "Ocular" kyerɛ wɔ aduruyɛ mu "ɛfa aniwa ho."
• "Ischemic" anaa "Ischemia" yɛ tebea a mogya a ɛkɔ so no so tew esiane "atherosclerosis" (ntini a ɛyɛ teateaa anaasɛ ɛyɛ den) nti. Saa tebea yi ne nea ɛde "Carotid Artery Disease" (Carotid Artery Disease) ba.
• "Syndrome" kyerɛ tebea bi a sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow pii bom ba.

Enti, sɛ wɔka eyinom nyinaa bom a, eyi yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a wɔaboaboa ano a mogya a ɛkɔ aniwa no so a ɛso tew na ɛde ba. Saa tebea yi, titiriw, betumi ayɛ `(Carotid Artery Disease)` ho sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan. Saa tebea yi a wɔfrɛ no `(Carotid Artery Disease)` ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya akisikuru ne komayare no yɛ kɛse . Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ yehu eyi.

Dɛn nti na eyi ba? Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛde `(Ocular Ischemic Syndrome)` ba?

Sɛnea madi kan aka no, nea ɛde eyi ba titiriw ne `(Carotid Artery Disease)` (Carotid Artery Disease) . Wɔsan frɛ eyi `(Carotid Artery Stenosis)`. `(Stenosis)` kyerɛ sɛ ntini bi a ɛyɛ teateaa anaasɛ ɛsiw. Saa mogya ntini abien yi a wɔfrɛ no `(Carotid Arteries)` a ɛwɔ wo kɔn no afã abien no nyinaa de mogya a oxygen pii wom kɔ wo ti, wo kɔn, wo amemene, ne w'ani so. Enti sɛ `(Plaque)`, ade a srade wom, fi ase boaboa ano wɔ mogya ntini yi mu (wɔsan frɛ eyi `(Atheroma)`) a, mogya no siw kwan.

Mogya ntini a wɔfrɛ no `(Ophthalmic Arteries)` a ɛde mogya kɔ yɛn ani so no fi ase fi saa `(Carotid Arteries)` yi mu. Enti, obi a ɔwɔ `(Carotid Artery Disease)` no nnya mogya a ɛdɔɔso nkɔ wɔn ani so. Saa mogya a enni hɔ no ne nea wogyina so ma `(Ocular Ischemic Syndrome)`.

Wɔ ntease titiriw yi akyi no, ntease afoforo wɔ hɔ a wɔntaa nhu:

• `(Carotid Artery Dissection)` (tebea a ɛte sɛ carotid artery dissection) .
• Vasculitis (mogya ntini a ɛyɛ hyew). Nhwɛso ahorow bi ne Takayasu Ntini a Ɛyare, Nkwammoaa Kɛse (GCA), ne Behcet Yare.
• `(Fibrovascular Dysplasia)`
• `(Scleroderma)`
• `(Moyamoya Yareɛ)`

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane mu kɛse?

Ocular Ischemic Syndrome yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi koraa , na ɛka nnipa bɛyɛ 8 wɔ ɔpepem biara mu.

Saa tebea yi taa ka nnipa a wɔadi fi mfe 50 kosi 80. Mmarima taa nya bi sen mmea bɛyɛ mmɔho abien .

Asiane ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a ɛka eyi:

• `(Koma ne Ntini mu Nyarewa)` (Nyare a ɛwɔ koma ne ntini mu, kyerɛ sɛ, nyarewa a ɛfa koma ne mogya ntini ho) .
• Atiridiinini a Ɛma Ahurututu Mu Yare (CAD) .
• Asikyireyareɛ
• Mogya mmoroso (Hypertension) .
• Sɛ́ wobɛyɛ kɛse mmoroso, sigaretnom, anaa n’abien nyinaa.
• `(Moyamoya Yareɛ)` (Eyi nso yɛ yareɛ a ɛfa mogya ntini a ɛde mogya kɔ amemene no ho)
• Sɛ woadi kan anya akisikuru anaasɛ bere tiaa mu ischemic attack (TIA) (te sɛ mini-stroke).

Dɛn ne Ocular Ischemic Syndrome ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?

Ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na tebea yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne da adi. Nanso sɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow da adi ampa a, ɛtaa ka aniwa biako pɛ . Saa tebea yi ka w’anisoadehu titiriw. Hwehwɛ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi sɛ wowɔ bi a:

• Ɛyaw a ɛyɛ kusuu a ɛyɛ yaw a efi aniwa no mu na ɛba na ɛkɔ bere ne bere mu.
• Wɔte aniwa mu yaw nka bere a aniwa mu nhyɛso kɔ soro no.
• Dilated pupils (kurukuruwa tuntum a ɛwɔ aniwa no mfinimfini).
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ nsensanee tuntum anaa nhama a ɛrehuruhuruw wɔ aniwa no anim (Eye Floaters).
• Anisoadehu a ɛyera nkakrankakra anaa mpofirim (Low Vision) anaasɛ bere tiaa mu aniwa a ɛyera na afei ɔsan nya bio (Transient Vision Loss).
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhwɛ hann, anisoadehu a ɛyɛ kusuu (Photophobia).
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ worehu nneɛma abien (Diplopia).

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu eyi pɛpɛɛpɛ?

Ocular Ischemic Syndrome ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ayɛ te sɛ tebea afoforo te sɛ asikreyare retinopathy ne Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO). Enti, ɛho hia sɛ wonya yare no ho nhwehwɛmu a edi mu .

Aniwa ho animdefo yɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow a edidi so yi de hu tebea yi:

• Aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu: Wɔyɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu ahorow de hu nea ɛde aniwa mu haw ahorow ba. Sɛ nhwɛso no, aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛtrɛw, optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan, electroretinography (sɔhwɛ a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea retina no yɛ adwuma), ne tumi ahorow a wɔde aniwa kanyan (sɔhwɛ a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea ntini ahorow no yɛ adwuma a ɛfa anisoadehu ho).
• Fluorescein Angiogram : Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a wɔde aduru titiriw bi gu ntini bi a ɛwɔ abasa no mu mu de hwɛ bere tenten a egye ansa na mogya afa mogya ntini a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no mu ne sɛ ebia mogya retu afi mogya ntini no mu anaa.

Bio nso, komayare ho ɔbenfo (oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ koma ne mogya ntini mu nyarewa ho) betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu te sɛ eyinom mfa nhwɛ sɛ carotid ntini mu yare anaa:

• `(Carotid Artery Duplex Vascular Ultrasound)` (Mogya ntini a ɛwɔ kɔn mu no ho mfonini)
• `(CT Angiogram - CTA)`, `(Carotid Angiogram)` anaa `(Magnetic Resonance Angiogram - MRA)` (eyinom nso yɛ scan ahorow titiriw a ɛhwɛ mogya ntini a ɛwɔ kɔn mu no tebea).

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa eyi?

Anamɔn pii wɔ hɔ a ɛne ne ho di nsɛ wɔ Ocular Ischemic Syndrome a wɔsa mu. Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ nnuruyɛfo atitiriw ahorow yɛ biako.

Aniwa mu haw ahorow ho ayaresa:

• Aniwa mu aduru ahorow: Nnuru a ɛko tia VEGF anaa steroid. Eyinom boa ma ɛho ahonhon a ɛwɔ retina no mu no so tew.
• Aniwa mu Nnuru: Tew aniwa mu nhyɛso ne ɔfe so.
• Ebia ɛho behia nso sɛ wɔyɛ aniwa ayaresa a wɔde laser yɛ na ama wɔasiw aniwa mu nhyɛso a ɛkɔ soro ano.

Ayaresa a wɔde sa `(Carotid Artery Disease)`:

• Nnuru a ɛma mogya yɛ mmerɛw, ne nnuru a wɔde siw tebea horow te sɛ asikreyare ne mogya mmoroso ano.
• Carotid Angioplasty ne Stenting: Adeyɛ a wɔde afiri a ɛte sɛ balloon hyɛ mogya ntini a asiw mu na wɔde stent (afiri ketewaa bi a ɛte sɛ ahama) hyɛ mu na amma ansiw bio.
• Carotid Endarterectomy: Oprehyɛn a wɔyɛ de yi ntini a ayɛ kɛse wɔ mogya ntini bi mu no fi hɔ.

Nsɛnnennen bɛn na eyi betumi de aba?

Ɛnyɛ obiara a ɔwɔ Ocular Ischemic Syndrome na obenya anisoadehu mu haw a emu yɛ den ntɛm ara. Nanso, nnipa a wɔwɔ tebea no mu bɛyɛ fã behu ade kodu baabi wɔ afe biako mu . Afei nso, nnipa du biara mu bɛyɛ baason benya tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no Neovascular Glaucoma. Wɔ Neovascular Glaucoma mu no, mogya ntini foforo a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so ba aniwa no mu, na esiw nsu a ɛkɔ aniwa no mu no kwan. Eyi betumi ama aniwa mu nhyɛso akɔ soro wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ hu so.

Obi a ɔwɔ Ocular Ischemic Syndrome akwahosan tebea te dɛn?

Nokwarem no, tebea a wɔfrɛ no `(Carotid Artery Disease)` a ɛde `(Ocular Ischemic Syndrome)` ba no betumi de nkwa ato asiane mu . Bere a wohui sɛ ɔwɔ `(Ocular Ischemic Syndrome)` akyi no, wɔ mfe anum ntamƐkame ayɛ sɛ nnipa du biara mu baanan wuwu esiane komayare anaa akisikuru nti. Enti, sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ ayaresa ntɛm na woayɛ nsakrae wɔ w’asetra mu a, ebetumi aboa kɛse ma woabɔ w’akwahosan ho ban.

Nea ɛho hia: Ɛnyɛ sɛ merebɔ mmɔden sɛ mede eyi bɛbɔ wo hu. Nanso ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛte aniberesɛm a ɛwɔ tebea yi mu ase na yɛatu anammɔn a ɛho hia.

So wobetumi asiw Ocular Ischemic Syndrome ano?

Yiw, nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ de atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya `(Carotid Artery Disease)` ne ɛnam so `(Ocular Ischemic Syndrome) so.` Eyinom ne:

• Di aduan a ɛma koma nya ahoɔden, te sɛ Mediterranea Aduan.
• Hwehwɛ akwan pa a wobɛfa so adi adwennwen ho dwuma.
• Di asikreyare ne mogya mmoroso so yiye.
• Kura mu duru a ɛfata a ɛfata wo mu.
• Sɛ wonom sigaret a, srɛ mmoa na ama woagyae.
• Kɔ so yɛ nnam sɛnea wubetumi na teɛteɛ w’apɔw mu.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wuhu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn:

• Ɛyaw a ɛba aniwa mu.
• Nsakrae biara a ɛba wɔ anisoadehu mu no yɛ ɔhaw.

Afei nso, sɛ wohu obubuafo ho sɛnkyerɛnne (sɛ nhwɛso no, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛkasa, nipadua no fã biako a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, w’anim fã biako ahwe ase) a, kɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara anaa frɛ 1990.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, wubetumi abisa nsɛm te sɛ:

• Dɛn nti na merenya saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi?
• Sɔhwɛ ahorow bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ?
• Ayaresa bɛn na eye ma me?
• Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ na ama me koma akwahosan atu mpɔn?
• Dɛn na metumi ayɛ de abɔ m’aniwa ho ban?
• So ɛsɛ sɛ nsɛnnennen a ɛbɛba no haw me?

Tebea biara a ɛka aniwa no yɛ ade a ɛhaw adwene ankasa. Sɛ wowɔ Ocular Ischemic Syndrome a, nsakrae a ɛba w’ani so no betumi ayɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo mogya ntini no asiw na mogya a ɛkɔ wo ti so no so atew. Eyi nso betumi ayɛ tebea afoforo te sɛ Carotid Artery Disease ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Aniwa mu tebea afoforo nso betumi de saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi aba.

Enti, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛkɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo a ɔwɔ osuahu wɔ aniwa mu nyarewa a ɛntaa nsi a ɛte saa a wohu na ɔsa mu nkyɛn . Ebia ɛho behia nso sɛ wokɔ koma ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn kɔsa ``Carotid Artery Disease''. Saa ayaresa yi yɛ adwuma denam mogya ntini bi a asiw a wobue na ɛma mogya kɔ aniwa no mu yiye no so. Wubetumi nso ayɛ nsakrae wɔ w’asetra mu de abɔ wo koma ne w’aniwa ho ban.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

• Ocular Ischemic Syndrome yɛ tebea a mogya a ɛkɔ aniwa no mu a ɛso tew na ɛde ba, na nea ɛde ba titiriw ne mogya ntini a ɛwɔ kɔn no mu a esiw (Carotid Arteries).
• Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaa w’aniwa a ɛyɛ yaw a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu.
• Eyi betumi ayɛ ``Carotid Artery Disease'' ho sɛnkyerɛnne, a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya komayare ne ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase no yɛ kɛse .
• Sɛ wohu ntɛm, wɔsa yare yiye, na wɔsakra asetra mu a, wobetumi akora akwahosan so.
• Ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛkwati sigaretnom, di aduan pa, teɛteɛ w’apɔw mu, na wudi asikreyare ne mogya mmoroso so.

Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa foforo bi fa eyi ho a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa. Yɛpɛ sɛ wo ho tɔ wo ntɛm!

` Ocular Ischemic Syndrome, Mogya a ɛkɔ aniwa mu a ɛso tew, Carotid Artery Disease, Anisoadehu a ɛso tew, Aniwa mu yaw, Carotid Artery Disease, Atherosclerosis