Momma yensua nyarewa a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛka kokoram (Paraneoplastic Syndromes) ho no ho ade pɛpɛɛpɛ!

So woate pɛn sɛ obi a ɔwɔ kokoram renya sɛnkyerɛnne bi a ɛnyɛ kokoram no ankasa na ɛde ba, nanso nyarewa afoforo na ɛde ba? Ɛte sɛ nea kokoram no wɔ nipadua no fã biako, nanso ne nkɛntɛnso retrɛw akɔ afã afoforo. Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no (Paraneoplastic Syndromes) . Ebia eyi bɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra, nanso momma yɛnka nea ɛrekɔ so no ho asɛm. Nsuro, ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛhunu eyi.

Dɛn ne paraneoplastic syndrome?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, sɛ wowɔ kokoram a, yɛfrɛ no Paraneoplastic Syndrome , a ɛyɛ bere a sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo da adi wɔ nipadua no mu a kokoram nkwammoaa no na ɛde ba tẽẽ. Fa no sɛ kokoram bi wɔ nipadua no mu, nanso hormone anaa protein ahorow bi a efi mu ba no ma nhyehyɛe pɔtee bi a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu fi ase yɛ adwuma wɔ ɔkwan soronko so. Anaasɛ, ɛtɔ mmere bi a yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no , bere a ɛrebɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛsɛe kokoram nkwammoaa no, di mfomso tow hyɛ nkwammoaa pa nso so. Yɛfrɛ eyi sɛ autoimmune response . Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi nso betumi aba wɔ nsɛm a ɛtete saa mu.

Paraneoplastic syndromes betumi aka nipadua no nhyehyɛe ahorow pii. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wo ntini , endocrine system (nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ hormone), asaabo , nnompe , nkwaa , honam ani, ne mogya nyinaa betumi aka.

Mpɛn pii no, eyinom mu biako (Paraneoplastic Syndromes) ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan. Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ yehu eyi.

Hena na ɛda adi sɛ tebea yi bɛka no kɛse? (Hena na paraneoplastic syndromes ka no?)

Paraneoplastic syndromes abu so wɔ nnipa a wɔadi mfe mfinimfini ne wɔn a wɔn mfe akɔ anim mu, titiriw wɔn a wɔwɔ tebea horow te sɛ ahurututu mu kokoram , ntini mu kokoram , awotwaa mu kokoram , anaa nufu mu kokoram . Nneɛma koro no ara a ɛde kokoram ba no nso betumi de saa yare ahorow yi aba.

Eyinom abu so dɛn? (Paraneoplastic syndromes abu so dɛn?)

Paraneoplastic Syndromes ba nnipa a wɔwɔ kokoram no mu 8% kosi 20% . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ kokoram nyinaa na wonya bi, nanso ebetumi aka dodow bi a ɛho hia.

Kokoram bɛn na ɛne paraneoplastic syndromes wɔ abusuabɔ?

Obiara a ɔwɔ kokoram akisikuru (Paraneoplastic Syndrome) .Ɛwom sɛ emu biara betumi aba de, nanso kokoram ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a ɛtaa ne tebea horow yi wɔ abusuabɔ:

• Nufu mu kokoram
• Yafunu mu kokoram
• Leukemia a ɛma mogya tu
• Lymphoma a ɛma mogya tu
• Ahurututu mu kokoram (titiriw ahurututu mu kokoram a nkwammoaa nketenkete wom) .
• Kokoram a ɛwɔ awotwaa mu
• Kokoram a ɛwɔ dwensɔtwaa mu
• Prostate kokoram
• Asaabo mu kokoram
• Kokoram a ɛwɔ awotwaa mu

Dɛn na ɛde paraneoplastic syndromes ba?

Yɛaka ho asɛm dedaw sɛ nneɛma atitiriw abien nti na ɛte saa.

1. Nneɛma a kokoram nkwammoaa yi fi mu: Kokoram binom yi hormone ne protein ahorow fi mu . Saa nneɛma yi ma nipadua no mu akwaa ahorow bi yɛ adwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so. Sɛ wɔansa eyi a, ebetumi asɛe ade daa mpo.

2. Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye: Yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no wɔ hɔ sɛ ɛbɛbɔ yɛn ho ban afi nyarewa ho. Saa nhyehyɛe yi ma wonya nneɛma a wɔfrɛ no antibodies . Saa nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa yi hu nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so te sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa na ɛsɛe. Nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa nsɛnkyerɛnne yi frafra na nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa no fi ase tow hyɛ nkwammoaa a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden nso so. Ɛno ne bere a (Paraneoplastic Syndrome) ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no da adi.

Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya paraneoplastic syndromes?

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛda adi wɔ eyi mu no betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ onipa biara ho. Egyina nipadua no nhyehyɛe ko a ɛka no so. Nea ɛyɛ nwonwa no, wɔ bɛboro 60% mu no, saa yare yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne da adi ansa na wɔahu kokoram no mpo. Enti, sɛ wohu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi ntɛm a, wobetumi ahu kokoram no na wɔasa no ntɛm. Afei hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ayaresa no bedi nkonim no yɛ kɛse.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba

Eyinom ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛtaa ba no bi:

• Huraeɛ
• Aduan ho akɔnnɔ a ɛyera na ne mu duru so tew
• Anadwo fifiri a ɛba

Bere a ntini a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma no aka no

Sɛ w’akyi ntini (kyerɛ sɛ, w’amemene ne w’akyi berɛmo) ne w’akyi ntini (ntini a efi amemene ne w’akyi berɛmo mu) nya nkɛntɛnso a, ebia wubehu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ:

• Adwene a ɛyɛ basaa
• Anisoadehu abien
• Ɔkasa mu den
• Nkae a ɛyera
• Tebea ahorow a ɛma obi nya akisikuru ( akisikuru ) .
• Ntini mu mmerɛwyɛ
• Reflexes, nkate anaa nkitahodi a ɛso tew
• Nkate a ɛyera wɔ wo nsa ne wo nan mu

Fa no sɛ obi anya ahurututu mu kokoram, nanso mpofirim ara, ofi ase sɛ ɔrekae ade, ɔkasa tia ne nsɛm bere a ɔrekasa, na ɛyɛ den ma no sɛ ɔbɛkari pɛ bere a ɔnam no. Ɛno ne bere a nnuruyɛfo susuw sɛ eyi yɛ (Paraneoplastic Syndrome) .

Bere a endocrine nhyehyɛe no aka no

Sɛ wo hormone nhyehyɛe no ka a, ebia wubehu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ:

• Ɔbrɛ a ɛtra so
• Mogya mmoroso
• Ntini mu mmerɛwyɛ
• Akisikuru ne ɔfe
• Mu duru a ɛkɔ soro mpofirim a ntease biara nni mu

Sɛ nkwaa, nnompe ne ntini ahorow nya nkɛntɛnso (Nkwaa, nnompe ne ntini - rheumatologic) .

Sɛ nhyehyɛe ahorow yi nya nkɛntɛnso a:

• Tebea horow te sɛ ntini mu yare
• Nkwaa mu yaw, ɛho ahonhon anaasɛ ɛyɛ den

Bere a ɛka honam ani (Skin) .

Ɛtɔ da bi a, honam ani nso betumi aka:

• Ɛyɛ akisikuru
• Flushing a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu
• Wora a ayɛ den
• Wora a enyin a ɛnyɛ hu (a ɛnyɛ kokoram).

Dɛn ne paraneoplastic syndromes ahorow?

Paraneoplastic Syndromes ahorow pii wɔ hɔ . Wɔakyekyɛ wɔn mu sɛnea ɔkwan a wɔfa so nya nhyehyɛe biara so nkɛntɛnso te.

Ntini mu ntini mu yare a ɛma obi nya paraneoplastic syndromes

Nhwɛso ahorow bi:

• `(Cerebellar degeneration)`: Eyi yɛ ɔsɛe a ɛba amemene no mu, ɛka nneɛma te sɛ kari pɛ ne nantew.
• Dysautonomia: Ɛka sɛnea autonomic nervous system no yɛ adwuma.
• Encephalitis: Amemene no mu a ɛyɛ hyew.
• Encephalomyelitis: Amemene ne akyi berɛmo mu ɔfe.
• Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS): Ɛma ntini ahorow yɛ mmerɛw.
• Myasthenia gravis (MG): Eyi yɛ tebea foforo a ɛma ntini ahorow yɛ mmerɛw.
• Myelopathy: Nyarewa a ɛka akyi berɛmo no.
• Neuromyotonia: Ntini a ɛyɛ adwuma bere nyinaa.
• `(Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome)`: Aniwa ne ntini a ɛkɔ baabiara a ɛnteɛ.
• `(Neuropathy (peripheral neuropathy))`: Ntini a ɛwɔ akyi no sɛe.
• `(Stiff-person syndrome)`: Ntini a ɛyɛ den ne ɛyaw a ɛtwetwe.

Endocrine nhyehyɛe mu paraneoplastic syndromes

Nhwɛso ahorow:

• `(Cushing's syndrome): Tebea a efi hormone cortisol a ɛkɔ soro mu ba.
• Hypercalcemia: Calcium dodow a ɛkɔ soro wɔ mogya no mu.
• `(Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH))`: Tebea a ɛma nsuo kɔ nipadua no mu kɔ soro.

Ntini a ɛma obi ho yɛ hyew a ɛma obi ho kyere no

(ɛka nkwaa, nnompe, ntini ne ntini a ɛka bom) .

Nhwɛso ahorow:

• `(Eosinophilic fasciitis)`
• `(Erythromelalgia)`
• `(Hypertrophic nnompe mu yare)`
• `(Nsateaa mu yare)`
• `(Paraneoplastic polyarthritis)`

Mogya mu paraneoplastic syndromes

Nhwɛso ahorow:

• `(Paraneoplastic erythrocytosis)`: Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛkɔ soro.
• `(Paraneoplastic thrombocytosis)`: Mogya mu mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛkɔ soro.

Honam ani yare a ɛma nipadua no yɛ mmerɛw

Nhwɛso ahorow:

• Acanthosis nigricans: Nneɛma a ɛyɛ tumm na ɛyɛ den wɔ honam ani.
• Dermatomyositis: Honam ani ne ntini a ɛyɛ hyew.
• Leukocytoclastic vasculitis: Mogya ntini nketenkete a ɛyɛ hyew.
• `(Paraneoplastic pemphigus)`: Tebea a ɛma honam ani akisikuru ba.
• `(Sweet syndrome)`: Atiridii ne honam ani akuru a ɛyɛ yaw.

Asaabo mu paraneoplastic syndromes

Paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis yɛ ɔyare a ɛka asaabo no.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ obi anya paraneoplastic syndromes?

Wo duruyɛfo no behu saa tebea yi denam w’aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm a obebisa wo, nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a ɔbɛyɛ, ne nhwehwɛmu afoforo pii a ɔbɛyɛ so.

• Ntini mu nhwehwɛmu: Esiane sɛ saa yare yi taa ka ntini ahorow nti, wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ nneɛma bi mfa nhwɛ sɛnea w’amemene ne wo ntini ahorow reyɛ adwuma. Wɔbɛhwɛ sɛ nsakrae bi aba w’ahoɔden, wo nkae, ne wo nhyehyɛe mu anaa.
• Mfoniniyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu: Wobetumi de nhwehwɛmu te sɛ CT scan , MRI , ne ultrasound adi dwuma de ahu sɛ ebia akisikuru bi wɔ hɔ a ɛde sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ba anaa.
• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu betumi ama wɔahu nneɛma a ebetumi ama nkurɔfo adwenem naayɛ wɔ kokoram ho. Wobetumi nso ahwɛ sɛ ebia nipadua mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛfa paraneoplastic syndromes ho anaa . Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi nso betumi ahu sɛ ebia nneɛma afoforo te sɛ ɔyare mmoawa anaa nkwaadɔm a ɛnkari pɛ na ɛde sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ba anaa.
• Spinal tap / lumbar puncture: Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, wɔsɔ w’amemene mu nsu (CSF) hwɛ sɛ ebia nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa bi wɔ hɔ a ɛtow hyɛ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden so anaa. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wode ade ketewaa bi bɛhyɛ w’akyi ase na woafa nsu no bi. Afei wɔhwehwɛ mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wodi tebea horow yi ho dwuma anaasɛ wɔsa? (Ɔkwan bɛn so na wodi paraneoplastic syndromes ho dwuma anaasɛ wɔsa?)

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wobɛsa kokoram a ɛda adi a ɛde wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no reba no. Bere koro no ara mu no, wo nso wohwɛ wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no so na ama wo nipadua akwaa anaa nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛsɛe no so atew.

Ayaresa a wɔde di Paraneoplastic Syndromes ho dwuma no bi :

• Nnuru a wɔde yɛ corticosteroids:Nnuru te sɛ `(Cortisone)` anaa `(prednisone)`. Eyinom yɛ adwuma denam ɔfe (a ɛho ahonhon) a ɛtew nipadua no mu no so.
• Nnuru a ɛma nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa: Nnuru a ɛtew sɛnea wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ adwuma no so. Wo duruyɛfo no begyina paraneoplastic syndrome ko a wowɔ so akyerɛw nnuru ama wo.
• Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG): Saa ayaresa yi yɛ adwuma denam nnuru a epira a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛsɛe so. Wɔ eyi mu no, wɔde nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa a ahoɔden wom ma sɛ aduru a wɔde twitwiw nipadua no mu, na ɛsɛe nipadua mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa a epira no.
• Plasmapheresis: Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ woyi plasma (mogya no fã a ɛyɛ nsu) fi mogya no mu na ama nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛwɔ mogya yi mu na ebetumi asɛe ntini a ɛte apɔw no so atew.
• Nipadua ne kasa mu ayaresa: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ntini mu apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ na ama dwumadi ahorow te sɛ kasa ne kankyee atu mpɔn. Ebia wubehia saa ayaresa yi sɛ wowɔ paraneoplastic syndrome a ɛfa ntini ahorow ho a.

Sɛ mewɔ paraneoplastic syndrome a, dɛn na metumi ahwɛ kwan?

Wo nkɔmhyɛ no gyina baabi a wo kokoram no wɔ so kɛse. Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a saa yare yi de ba no betumi ayɛ nea emu nyɛ den na ɛyɛ bere tiaa mu de. Wɔ tebea afoforo mu no, ebia sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no mu yɛ den na ebehia sɛ wodi ho dwuma bere tenten.

Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa sɛnea wo kokoram no fã ne sɛnea woyɛ w’ade wɔ ayaresa ho no bɛka wo ho a wobɛtɔ no ho asɛm.

Nsɛnnennen bɛn na ɛbata paraneoplastic syndromes ho?

Eyi betumi de nsɛnnennen ahorow aba. Ebia ebinom yɛ nketewa, bere a afoforo nso betumi ayɛ aniberesɛm na sɛ wɔansa wɔn yare mpo a, ebetumi de wɔn nkwa ato asiane mu. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ nsɛnnennen a ebetumi aba ne ayaresa a wubetumi apaw mu akyerɛ wo.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mefrɛ oduruyɛfo no wɔ paraneoplastic syndromes ho?

Sɛ wunya paraneoplastic syndrome ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ntease biara nnim a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Titiriw sɛ wɔasa wo kokoram wɔ mfe anum a atwam no mu na worenya saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛsan ayɛ nhwehwɛmu bio. Eyi nso bɛboa wo duruyɛfo ma wahu sɛ kokoram no asan aba anaa.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

Nsɛm bi a wubetumi abisa wo duruyɛfo:

• Dɛn na ɛde me sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ba?
• Ɔkwan bɛn so na me (Paraneoplastic Syndrome) no ka me kokoram ayaresa nhyehyɛe no?
• Ayaresa ahorow bɛn na mewɔ?
• MeƆkwan bɛn so na Paraneoplastic Syndrome ka sɛnea me ho tɔ me no?
• So me yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne bɛkɔ so atu mpɔn bere a wɔasa me kokoram akyi?
• Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobedi sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dwuma wɔ bere tiaa bi mu? Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobedi sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dwuma bere tenten?

Awiei koraa no, nkrasɛm a wɔde kɔ fie

Kokoram akisikuru betumi ama nsakrae a wɔnhwɛ kwan aba nipadua no mu. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wobetumi de paraneoplastic syndrome ho sɛnkyerɛnne nso aka ho . Esiane sɛ saa yare yi ahorow pii wɔ hɔ na sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no gu ahorow nti, ebia ebegye bere kakra ansa na wo duruyɛfo ahu sɛ wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ne kokoram wɔ abusuabɔ. Nanso, sɛ wohu sɛ ɔwɔ yare no wie a, obetumi asa yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no, na nea ɛho hia sen biara no, kokoram a ɛde ba no .

Ɔkwan pa a wobɛfa so adi Paraneoplastic Syndrome ho dwuma ne sɛ wubenya kokoram no ayaresa a etu mpɔn sen biara. Enti, mmu w’ani ngu yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara so. Sɛ w’adwene mu yɛ wo naa a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara sɛnea wubetumi. Ɛno ansa na yɛn nyinaa betumi anya apɔwmuden.

` Paraneoplastic syndromes, kokoram, sɛnkyerɛnne, ntini nhyehyɛe, endocrine nhyehyɛe, nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa, kokoram ayaresa