Wo mogya yɛ dɛn? Momma yɛnhwehwɛ nea mogya ahorow yi yɛ ankasa.

Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka asɛmti bi a ɛho hia paa ho asɛm. Ɛno ne mogya ahorow. Ebia woate nneɛma te sɛ ‘A positive’ ne ‘O negative’ ho asɛm. Nanso dɛn ankasa ne mogya ahorow yi? Dɛn nti na ɛho hia saa bere a ɛfa mogya a wɔde ma yɛn ho no? Momma yɛnka eyinom nyinaa ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wubetumi ate ase so.

Dɛn na ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu ankasa?

Susuw ho hwɛ, saa nsu kɔkɔɔ a ɛnam yɛn nipadua mu, mogya, yi nyɛ nsu kɛkɛ. Ɛwɔ nneɛma a ɛyɛ nwonwa na ɛho hia pii wɔ mu. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, yɛn mogya no wɔ nneɛma atitiriw anan:

• Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ: Eyinom na ɛde mframa pa kɔ yɛn nipadua mu nyinaa, te sɛ aduan a wɔde kɔma yɛn.
• Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa: Eyinom te sɛ polisifo a wɔwɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Saa mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa yi ko tia mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba .
• Nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu: Eyinom ne mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛboa ma mogya tu bere a woapira no. Wɔboaboa wɔn ho ano na wɔyɛ mogya a ɛtɔ.
• Plasma: Eyi ne mogya no fã a ɛyɛ nsu. Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, ne mogya mu nkwammoaa a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no nyinaa rehuruhuruw wɔ nsu a wɔfrɛ no plasma yi mu.

Nea ɛyɛ nwonwa ne sɛ, ɛnyɛ obiara mogya na ɛyɛ pɛ. Nsonsonoe nketenkete bi wɔ hɔ. Saa nsonsonoe ahorow no ne nea yɛfrɛ no mogya ahorow.

Enti dɛn ne mogya ahorow yi?

Mogya a wobɛkyerɛw, kyerɛ sɛ, nim a wubehu nea wo mogya yɛ no ho hia yiye. Titiriw sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wode mogya ma obi a, eyi boa wo ma woyɛ no dwoodwoo a mfomso biara nni ho. Yɛwɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, na wɔ soro, kyerɛ sɛ, soro no, agyiraehyɛde nketenkete bi wɔ hɔ. Wɔ nnuruyɛ mu no, yɛfrɛ saa agyiraehyɛde ahorow yi ‘ antigens ’ . Eyinom yɛ protein ne asikre a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu ankasa. Yɛn nipadua de saa agyiraehyɛde ahorow yi di dwuma de hu sɛ ‘eyi yɛ m’ankasa mogya nkwammoaa’. Mogya ho nhyehyɛe atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ. Wɔn ne ABO nhyehyɛe ne Rh nhyehyɛe .

Dɛn ne ABO mogya su?

Mogya ahorow atitiriw anan na ɛwɔ hɔ sɛnea ABO nhyehyɛe no kyerɛ no. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ:

• Type A: Saa mogya yi wɔ antigen a wɔfrɛ no ‘A’.
• Type B: Saa mogya yi wɔ antigen a wɔfrɛ no ‘B’.
• Type AB: Sɛnea edin no kyerɛ no, saa mogya yi wɔ ‘A’ ne ‘B’ antigens nyinaa.
• Ɔkwan O: Saa mogya yi nni ‘A’ anaa ‘B’ antigens a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no mu biara.

Enti dɛn ne Rh factor yi?

Wɔ ABO nhyehyɛe no akyi no, wɔsan kyekyɛ mogya mu sɛ ‘Rh positive’ (a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛwɔ Rh factor) anaa ‘Rh negative’ (a ɛkyerɛ sɛ enni Rh factor). Rh yɛ protein soronko foforo a wobetumi ahu wɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no ani, a ɛyɛ ``Antigen'' foforo. Enti, sɛ wɔka nhyehyɛe abien a wɔfrɛ no ABO ne Rh yi bom a, yenya mogya ahorow atitiriw 8. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ:

• O adwemmɔne:Saa mogya yi nni A anaa B agyiraehyɛde biara, na enni Rh factor biara.
• O positive: Saa mogya yi nni A anaa B agyiraehyɛde, nanso ɛwɔ Rh factor. O positive yɛ mogya a abu so yiye wɔ Sri Lanka (mogya foforo a ɛtaa ba ne A positive).
• A negative: Saa mogya yi wɔ A agyiraehyɛde nkutoo, Rh factor biara nni mu.
• A pa: Saa mogya yi wɔ A agyiraehyɛde ne Rh factor nyinaa, nanso enni B agyiraehyɛde biara. Eyi nso yɛ mogya a abu so yiye, te sɛ O positive.
• B negative: Saa mogya yi wɔ B agyiraehyɛde nkutoo, Rh factor biara nni mu.
• B positive: Saa mogya yi wɔ B agyiraehyɛde ne Rh factor nyinaa, nanso enni A agyiraehyɛde biara.
• AB negative: Saa mogya yi wɔ A ne B agyiraehyɛde nyinaa, nanso Rh factor biara nni mu.
• AB positive: Saa mogya yi wɔ agyiraehyɛde abiɛsa a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no nyinaa – kyerɛ sɛ, A, B, ne Rh factor.

Seesei ebia woredwen ho sɛ, ‘Oo, so me mogya nyɛ papa nsen ne de, anaasɛ me de no yɛ mmerɛw?’ Biribiara nni hɔ a ɛte saa! Sɛ obi wɔ saa antigens yi mu biara anaasɛ ɔhwere a, ɛmma ne mogya nyɛ apɔwmuden anaa ɛnyɛ mmerɛw. Ɛte sɛ nea wowɔ aniwa a ɛyɛ ahabammono mmom sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ bruu, anaasɛ ti nhwi a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa mmom sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ tẽẽ, a ɛyɛ awosu mu nsonsonoe ketewaa bi kɛkɛ. Enti mma ɛnhaw wo wɔ ho.

Dɛn nti na ɛho hia saa sɛ yehu mogya ahorow yi ho asɛm?

Okay, afei momma yɛnhwɛ nea enti a ɛho hia kɛse sɛ yehu mogya ahorow yi ho asɛm, na ama ɛne no ahyia. Yɛwɔ ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ nwonwa yiye wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Yɛfrɛ no nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa . Ɛte sɛ asraafo dɔm a wɔbɔ ɔman bi ho ban. Saa nhyehyɛe yi wɔ tumi a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛde hwɛ nneɛma a ɛhyɛn yɛn nipadua mu na ehu sɛ ‘oh, eyi yɛ m’ankasa nipadua’ (me ankasa) anaasɛ ‘oyi yɛ ɔhɔho’ (a ɔnyɛ me ho). Sɛ woma obi mogya, kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ nnuruyɛfo yɛ mogya a, ɛsɛ sɛ onipa a ogye saa mogya no nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no hu mogya mu nkwammoaa foforo no na ɛka sɛ ‘oh, eyinom yɛ m’ankasa me su, ɛfata me’. Sɛ enhu sɛ ɛne ne ho hyia a ɛte saa, kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ mogya ahorow abien no ‘anhyia’ a, wɔpow nkwammoaa foforo no. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, wɔtow hyɛ saa nkwammoaa no so na wɔsɛe wɔn. Yɛn ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe a nyansa wom no yɛ protein soronko bi, yɛfrɛ no ‘antibody’ . Eyinom te sɛ awɛmfo. Sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ ahɔho a wɔne wɔn ho nhyia hyɛn nipadua no mu a, saa nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa yi yɛ adwuma ntɛm ara na wofi ase yɛ adwuma tia saa ahɔho nkwammoaa no. Ɛdenam obi mogya su so no, wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa a ebetumi ako atia mogya ahorow afoforo a ɛne ne ho nhyia.

Sɛ wode mogya a ɛnteɛ ma a, dɛn na ɛba?Ɛno na ɔhaw no sɔre. Saa nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa no fi ase yɛ adwuma ntɛm ara na ɛsɛe mogya mu nkwammoaa foforo a ɛne ne ho nhyia a akɔ nipadua no mu no. Eyi betumi ayɛ adeyɛ a emu yɛ den a ɛka nipadua no nyinaa (Transfusion Reaction). Ebia nneɛma te sɛ atiridiinini, atiridiinini, ne mogya mmoroso a ɛkɔ fam mpofirim wɔ hɔ. Wɔ tebea horow bi a emu yɛ den mu no, akwaa a ɛho hia yiye te sɛ ɔhome nhyehyɛe (home) ne asaabo mpo betumi adi huammɔ. Ɛno nti na mogya ahorow a ɛne ne ho hyia pɛpɛɛpɛ bere a wɔde mogya rema no yɛ nkwa ne owu asɛm no.

Momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea mogya mu nneɛma ne nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa yɛ adwuma.

Sɛ yɛbɛkyerɛkyerɛ eyi mu kakra a, momma yɛmfa nhwɛso bi nni dwuma. Susuw ho saa kwan yi so:

• Fa no sɛ wo mogya yɛ A. Esiane sɛ wo mogya no wɔ A antigen nti, wo nipadua no yɛ B antibodies. Afei, sɛ mogya a ɛwɔ B antigen (kyerɛ sɛ, type B anaa type AB) hyɛn wo nipadua mu a, wo type A immune system no de saa B antibodies no bɛko atia mogya mu nkwammoaa foforo no. Wei kyerɛ sɛ obi a ɔyɛ type A anaa type O nko ara na wobɛtumi anya mogya.Worentumi nnye mogya mfiri obi a ɔyɛ type B anaa AB hɔ.

• Saa ara na sɛ wowɔ B antigen no wɔ wo mogya mu (a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo mogya yɛ B ) a, wo nipadua no bɛyɛ A antibodies. Afei obi a ɔwɔ type B anaa type O nkutoo na wubetumi anya mogya.Worentumi nnye mogya mfi obi a ɔwɔ type A anaa AB hɔ.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na eyi ka nnipa a wɔwɔ mogya mu AB ne O?

Saa asɛm yi yɛ soronko kakra ma nnipa a wɔwɔ mogya su AB ne mogya mu su O.

• Afei fa no sɛ sɛ wowɔ A ne B antigens nyinaa wɔ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no ani (kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ wo mogya yɛ AB ) a, ɛho nhia sɛ wo nipadua no ko tia A anaa B antigens no mu biara. Efisɛ saa antigen abien no nyinaa hu wo nipadua no, na wɔka sɛ, ‘Eyinom yɛ me de.’ Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ obi a ɔwɔ AB mogya betumi anya mogya afi mogya biara mu, A, B, AB, anaa O. Titiriw no, wɔfrɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ mogya mu AB ‘amansan nyinaa a wogye’ anaa ‘ amansan nyinaa mu .’

• Nanso, sɛ wo mogya yɛ O , a, wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no nni saa A anaa B antigens no mu biara. Dɛn na ɛba saa bere no?
• Wo nipadua no yɛ A ne B nyinaa a ɛko tia nyarewa. Eyi ma wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ko tia mogya ahorow A, B, ne AB. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ obi a ɔwɔ mogya a ɛyɛ type O nkutoo na obetumi anya mogya a ɛyɛ type O.
• Nanso biribi a ɛho hia paa na ɛyɛ soronko wɔ ha. Mogya bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no O negative, a wobetumi de ama obiara! Efisɛ enni antigens (antigens) biara te sɛ A, B, anaa Rh. Enti, obiara nipadua rennyɛ n’ade wɔ ho. Ɛno nti na wɔfrɛ mogya a ɛnyɛ papa no ‘amansan nyinaa mu ɔdemafo’ anaa amansan nyinaa mu ɔdemafo no.Titiriw wɔ tebea horow a egye ntɛmpɛ mu, bere a wontumi nhu mogya su ntɛm no, wɔtaa de O mogya a enye di dwuma.

Mogya a wɔde ma no betumi agye nnipa pii nkwa!

So wunim sɛ nneɛma a ɛho hia na ɛho nhia a wɔyɛ wɔ ayaresabea ahorow na ɛboa ma wogye nnipa pii nkwa no mu biako ne mogya a wɔde ma, kyerɛ sɛ, mogya a wɔde ma. Sɛ wɔka kyerɛ wo sɛ wiase baabi no, obi hia mogya wɔ sikɔne 2 biara mu a, ɛbɛyɛ wo nwonwa . Nnipa a wɔwɔ nyarewa a enni sabea te sɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ kokoram, wɔ oprehyɛn mu, wɔ akwanhyia mu no, hia mogya wɔ saa kwan yi so. Nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ mogya nyɛ biribi a wobetumi de afiri ayɛ, kyerɛ sɛ, wɔ aduruyɛdan mu. Efi obi foforo a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden a otu ne ho ma nkutoo hɔ. Ɛno nti na nnipa a wɔde mogya ma no ho hia bere nyinaa no.

So wunim sɛ mogya a wɔde ma biako pɛ betumi agye nnipa baasa nkwa? Yiw, ɛyɛ nokware. Ɛno nti na mogya a wɔde ma no yɛ ade a ɛkorɔn na ɛsom bo kɛse no.

Nea ɛbɛyɛ na mogya a wɔde ma no akɔ so ayɛ nea ahobammɔ wom bere nyinaa no, wɔhwehwɛ mogya biara a wɔde ma no mu hwɛ sɛnea mogya no te, ne nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa te sɛ AIDS ne mmerɛbo mu yare nso.

Enti, nneɛma bɛn na ɛho hia paa a yɛpɛ sɛ yɛde kɔ fie fi nnɛyi asɛm no mu?

Okay, afei momma yɛnkae nsɛntitiriw a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛma ɛtra yɛn adwenem wɔ ɔkasa yi nyinaa mu:

• Ɛnyɛ obiara mogya na ɛyɛ pɛ. Wɔnam agyiraehyɛde soronko, a wɔfrɛ no ``Antigens,'' a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ so na ɛkyerɛ yɛn mogya ahorow.
• Mogya nhyehyɛe atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ: ABO nhyehyɛe (ahorow anan A, B, AB, ne O) ne Rh nhyehyɛe (a ɛyɛ papa anaa bɔne). Saa abien yi bom yɛ mogya ahorow 8 no.
• Mogya su a ɛne ne ho hyia yɛ ade a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ bere a wɔde mogya rema no. Mogya a ɛnteɛ a wɔde ma no betumi ama obi anya nneyɛe a emu yɛ den, na ɛde ne nkwa mpo ato asiane mu.
• O mogya a ɛnyɛ papa betumi ama obiara (Universal Donor). Wobetumi anya mogya a ɛwɔ AB afi obiara hɔ (Universal Recipient). Ɛfata sɛ yɛkae eyi.
• Mogya su yɛ awosu mu nsakrae ara kwa, te sɛ aniwa kɔla anaa ti nhwi. Ɛmma w’akwahosan nyɛ papa anaasɛ ɛnsɛe.
• Mogya a wɔde ma no betumi agye nnipa nkwa. Sɛ wutumi, na sɛ wudu ahwehwɛde ahorow no ho a, fa mogya ma. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛsom bo kɛse na ɛyɛ anuonyam a wubetumi ayɛ.

Enti, mewɔ anidaso sɛ afei de moanya ntease pa ne adwene a emu da hɔ wɔ mogya ahorow ho. Ɛho hia paa nso sɛ wubehu nea wo mogya te. Ebia da bi ɛbɛboa wo anaa obi a wunim no. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa foforo bi fa eyi ho a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wubebisa w’abusua oduruyɛfo anaa ayaresabea bi.

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Mogya Ahorow, Mogya Ahorow, ABO, Rh Factor, Mogya a Wɔde Ma, Mogya a Wɔde Ma