So worehwɛ akokoaa kwan? Afei momma yensua sɔhwɛ ahorow yi ho ade! (Nsɔhwɛ a Wɔyɛ Ansa na Wɔawo - Awo Bere a Edi Kan) .

Worehwɛ akokoaa kwan, ɛnte saa? Saa berɛ yi mu no, yɛfrɛ `(Prenatal Tests)` sɔhwɛ a wɔyɛ de hwɛ wo ne wo ba ketewa a ɔwɔ wo yafunu mu no akwahosan. Eyinom betumi ahu sɛ ebia wo ba no wɔ asiane bi, awo mu dɛmdi, anaa nkwaboaa mu nkwaadɔm a ɛnteɛ anaa. Sɔhwɛ ahorow bi (`screening tests`) kyerɛ sɛ ɔhaw bi betumi aba , bere a afoforo (`diagnostic tests`) betumi akyerɛ wo tebea pɔtee no. Ɛho hia paa sɛ wubehu sɔhwɛ ahorow yi ho asɛm, efisɛ ebetumi ama woanya asomdwoe na aboa wo ma woasiesie wo ho ama akokoaa no akwaaba. Nanso awiei koraa no, gyinae a wubesi sɛ wobɛyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow yi anaasɛ worennyɛ no yɛ wo de.

Sɛ wodi kan kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, nhwehwɛmu bɛn na wɔyɛ?

Sɛ wudi kan kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn a, botae no mu biako ne sɛ wubehu sɛ woanyinsɛn anaa. Wɔbɛhwɛ nso sɛ akwahosan ho asiane biara bɛba wo anaa wo ba a ɔhyɛ yafunu mu no so anaa.

Oduruyɛfo no bɛyɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a edi mũ , a nea ɛka ho ne sɛ ɔbɛhwɛ wo mu duru, wo mogya mmoroso, ne wo hwene mu nhwehwɛmu. Wo Pap smear a woyɛ no daa , sɛ ɛfata a, wɔbɛyɛ nso saa bere yi. Eyi hwɛ sɛ nsakrae bi aba awotwaa no mu nkwammoaa mu a ebetumi ama obi anya kokoram anaa. Awotwaa mu nhwehwɛmu no nso hwɛ sɛ ebia nyarewa a wonya fi nna mu (STD) te sɛ Chlamydia ne Gonorrhea .

Afei, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobehu sɛ woanyinsɛn no, wɔbɛyɛ nyinsɛn mu nhwehwɛmu wɔ nsu mu. Ɛbɛhwehwɛ hormone bi a wɔfrɛ no hCG (nyinsɛn ho sɛnkyerɛnne) . Wɔbɛhwɛ wo pee nso sɛ protein, asikre, ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ ɔyare mmoawa anaa. Sɛ wunyinsɛn wie a, wobegyina da a wokɔɔ brayɛ anaa wo bere a etwa to so na ebu da a ɛsɛ sɛ wowo no ho akontaa. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wobetumi ayɛ ultrasound scan, anaa scan, de aboa eyi.

Afei ɔfã a ɛho hia sen biara no ba. Wogye mogya bi fi wo hɔ na wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu bi. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔka.

• Wo mogya ne `(Rh factor)`: Eyi ho hia yiye. Fa no sɛ wo mogya yɛ `(Rh negative)` na wo kunu mogya yɛ `(Rh positive),` wo nipadua no betumi anya nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa a ebetumi ayɛ asiane ama akokoaa no. Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo, eyi ano aduru wɔ hɔ. Wobetumi asiw tebea yi ano denam aduru titiriw bi a wɔde bɛma no bɛyɛ adapɛn 28 wɔ nyinsɛn akyi no so.
• Monemia, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛba fam: Ɛnanom pii betumi anya saa tebea yi bere a wɔyem. Enti eye sɛ wubedi kan ahu eyi.
• So nyarewa bi wɔ hɔ a ɛde ɔyare ba te sɛ `(Hepatitis B)`, `(Syphilis)`, ne `(HIV)`:Sɛ nyarewa ahorow yi wɔ hɔ a, sɛ wohu no ntɛm a, wobetumi ayɛ nneɛma a ɛho hia de abɔ akokoaa no ho ban afi ho.
• Sɛ́ ebia wowɔ ahoɔden a ɛko tia Germanfo akisikuru (Rubella) ne akokɔsrade (Varicella anaa akisikuru): Ɛho hia sɛ wohwɛ sɛ wowɔ ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa yi anaa, efisɛ sɛ ɛba akokoaa no bere a wanyinsɛn a, ebetumi de ɔhaw aba akokoaa no so.
• Awosu mu nyarewa a wɔfrɛ no `(Cystic Fibrosis)` ne `(Spinal Muscular Atrophy)`: Eyinom yɛ nyarewa a wɔntaa nhu kakra. Nanso seesei, mpɛn pii no, sɛ obiara nni abusua no mu a ɔwɔ saa nyarewa yi ho abakɔsɛm mpo a, nnuruyɛfo da so ara hyɛ nyansa sɛ wɔnyɛ eyinom mu nhwehwɛmu.

Sɔhwɛ afoforo bɛn na wɔyɛ wɔ ɔsram abiɛsa a edi kan no mu?

Wɔ wo nsrahwɛ a edi kan akyi no, wo duruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ wo nsu, akari wo, na wahwɛ wo mogya mmoroso wɔ nsrahwɛ biara mu kosi sɛ wɔbɛwo wo ba (anaa anyɛ yiye koraa no bere biara). Eyinom betumi aboa ma wɔahu ɔhaw ahorow te sɛ nyinsɛn mu asikreyare (asikreyare a ɛba bere a wɔyem nkutoo) ne preeclampsia (mogya mmoroso a ɛyɛ hu a ɛho hia yiye sɛ wokyere no ntɛm).

Wɔ wo ɔsram abiɛsa a edi kan mu no, wɔbɛma wo nhwehwɛmu kakraa bi bio, a wosusuw nneɛma te sɛ wo mfe, w’akwahosan, ne w’abusua aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm ho. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ.

• Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ ɔsram abiɛsa a edi kan mu: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu na wɔyɛ ultrasound scan. Eyi hwɛ asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ akokoaa no benya nkwaboaa a ɛnteɛ te sɛ Down syndrome anaa awo mu dɛmdi te sɛ koma mu haw titiriw. Eyi nkyerɛ no yiye sɛ ebia ɔhaw bi wɔ hɔ anaa, nanso ɛkyerɛ sɛ asiane bi wɔ hɔ anaa.
• Ultrasound: Eyi yɛ nhwehwɛmu a ahobammɔ wom yiye na ɛnyɛ yaw. Ɛde nnyigyei asorɔkye twa akokoaa no nsusuwii, ne gyinabea, ne ne nyin ho mfonini. Wobetumi ayɛ no ntɛm wɔ nyinsɛn no mu akosi da a nyinsɛn no bɛba. Wobetumi ayɛ no nso wɔ adapɛn 11 kosi 14 ntam, sɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ ɔsram abiɛsa a edi kan no fã . Ebia ɛho behia sɛ mmea a nyinsɛn a asiane wom kɛse no yɛ ultrasound mpɛn pii wɔ ɔsram abiɛsa a edi kan no mu.
• Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ den kakra. Nea ɛka ho ne sɛ wobegye nkwammoaa kakraa bi afi awotwaa no mu na wɔahwehwɛ nkwaadɔm mu nneɛma a ɛnteɛ te sɛ Down syndrome . Wɔtaa yɛ eyi wɔ nyinsɛn no adapɛn 10 kosi 13 ntam. Eyi yɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hu yare , a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebetumi de ahotoso kɛse akyerɛ wo sɛ ebia wɔbɛwo wo ba no a ɔwɔ nkwaboaa mu yare pɔtee bi anaasɛ wɔrenwo no. Nanso, wɔnyɛ mma obiara, na wɔyɛ no wɔ asɛm biara mu.
• DNA nhwehwɛmu a nkwammoaa nnim (Non-invasive prenatal screening anaa NIPS): Eyi nso yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu foforo. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛyɛ anigye yiye, efisɛ akokoaa no DNA kakraa bi na ɛwɔ ɛna no mogya mu. Wɔsɔ DNA asinasin yi hwɛ sɛ ebia akokoaa no wɔ asiane mu sɛ obenya nkwaboaa mu yare bi te sɛ Down syndrome anaa . Wobetumi ayɛ eyi bere biara wɔ nyinsɛn no adapɛn 10 akyi. Nanso, eyi nyɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hu yare , a ɛkyerɛ sɛ sɛ eyi ma yehu sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ hɔ a, nhwehwɛmu foforo te sɛ CVS ho hia na wɔde asi so dua anaasɛ wɔayi afi mu. Wɔtaa kamfo eyi kyerɛ ɛnanom a asiane kɛse wom, esiane sɛ wɔanyinyin anaasɛ wɔawo akokoaa a ne nipadua mu nkwaadɔm a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so wɔ bere bi a atwam no mu nti.

Sɔhwɛ afoforo bɛn na wubetumi ahyɛ ho nyansa?

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a nnuruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ nyansa sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo mma wo. Eyi te saa efisɛ wosusuw w’ankasa (ne wo kunu) ankasa akwahosan ho abakɔsɛm, ayaresa tebea afoforo a wowɔ, ne asiane ahorow te sɛ abusua abakɔsɛm ho.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wo ne awosu ho ɔfotufo bɛkasa sɛ asiane bi wɔ hɔ sɛ wo ba no benya awosu mu tebea horow a. Wɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ eyi mu akɔ akyiri akyerɛ wo. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu wɔ awosu mu yare bi a, wubetumi ne oduruyɛfo bi aka ho asɛm, sɛ ɛho hia a, wo ne ɔfotufo bi ahyia, na woayɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛho hia.

Wobetumi akamfo nhwehwɛmu foforo anaa nhwehwɛmu foforo a wɔde hu yare nso akyerɛ wɔ tebea horow yi ho:

• Thyroid yareɛ
• Toxoplasmosis - Eyi yɛ ɔyare mmoawa a ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi afa mpataa nsu mu, ne nea ɛkeka ho Ɛyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ yiye wɔ ho bere a wɔyem.
• Hepatitis C a ɛma obi nya mmerɛbo mu yare
• Nkwammoaa a wɔfrɛ no Cytomegalovirus (CMV) .
• Tay-Sachs yareɛ - Wei yɛ awosuo mu yareɛ a ɛntaa nsi koraa.
• Fragile X syndrome - Eyi nso yɛ awosu mu tebea a ebetumi aka adwene mu nkɔso.
• Nsanyare a ɛma obi nya nsamanwaw
• Canavan yareɛ - Eyi nso yɛ yareɛ a ɛntaa nsi koraa a ɛka ntini ahodoɔ.

Nea etwa to no, so eye sɛ yɛbɛkae eyi?

Ebia wote ase seesei sɛ nhwehwɛmu pii wɔ hɔ a wobetumi ayɛ bere a wɔyem. Nanso nnsuro eyi. Kae sɛ, sɔhwɛ ahorow yi nyinaa yɛ *wɔkamfo* ma wo ara kwa. Wowɔ hokwan a edi mũ sɛ wusi gyinae sɛ ebia wubenya bi anaasɛ worennya bi.

Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wusi nhwehwɛmu pɔtee a ɛfata wo ho gyinae, ne nea wuhia a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo anaa awogyefo nkasa. Hwɛ sɛ wobɛte nea enti a wɔrekamfo sɔhwɛ no kyerɛ ase, asiane ne mfaso a ɛwɔ so, ne nea nea efi mu ba no ka ankasa – ne nea *ɛnka*. Afei wubetumi asi gyinae a ɛteɛ a akyinnye biara nni ho.

Wɔyɛ eyinom nyinaa de bɔ wo ne wo ba a ɔhyɛ yafunu mu no ho ban. Mma ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa afa nsɛmmisa anaa dadwen biara a ebia wowɔ ho, ɛyɛ? Yɛpɛ sɛ monya ahoɔden ne akokoduru de akokoaa a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden bɛba wiase!

` Nyinsɛn_Nsɔhwɛ, Nyinsɛn_Akwahosan_Adi Kan, Down_Syndrome, Ultrasound, CVS_Sɔhwɛ, NIPS_Sɔhwɛ, Nyinsɛn_Akwahosan