So wo ba kumaa no yafunu taa yɛ no yaw? Momma yensua Mmofra Yafunu Ho Ɔbenfo bi ho ade!

So wo ba taa ka sɛ, "Maame, me yafunu yɛ me yaw"? So ɔfe bere a wanom nufusu awie no? Anaasɛ ɔmpɛ sɛ odidi ankasa? Sɛ́ ɔwofo no, sɛ abofra ketewa bi yafunu yɛ wo yaw a, ebia wote awerɛhow ne ehu kɛse nka. Enti ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka oduruyɛfo bi a ne ho akokwaw wɔ wo ba no aduan mu, kyerɛ sɛ, yafunu mu yaw ho. Saa nnuruyɛfo yi ne nea yɛfrɛ no Pediatric Gastroenterologists .

Hena ne Mmofra Yafunu Ho Ɔbenfo yi? (Hena ne Mmofra Yafunu mu Ɔyaresafo?)

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi yɛ mmofra oduruyɛfo, oduruyɛfo a wanya ntetee titiriw wɔ mmofra aduan mu haw ahorow a wɔsa ho. Ɛte sɛ mmofra oduruyɛfo a ɔsa mpanyimfo yare, nanso nnuruyɛfo yi sa ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ nkokoaa, mmofra a wɔretu mmirika, ne mmabun mu pɔtee.

Wo ba no aduan mu nneɛma bi ne:

• Anom
• Esophagus (afiri a ɛde aduan kɔ menewam) .
• Yafunu (beae a wɔkora aduan a yedi) .
• Dwensɔtwaa ketewaa bi
• Dwensɔtwaa kɛse

(Eyi ne nea yɛtaa frɛ no aduan mu ntini anaa ``Gastrointestinal anaa GI tract''.)

• Na dwensɔtwaa nso.
• Brɛboɔ
• Akisikuru a ɛwɔ akisikuru mu
• Biliary kratawa no

Saa nnuruyɛfo atitiriw yi hwehwɛ ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ mmeae yi nyinaa na wɔsa. Susuw ho hwɛ, ɛtɔ mmere bi a abofra yafunu mu yaw betumi ayɛ ketewaa bi, na ne ho bɛtɔ no wɔ nnansa anaa nnansa mu. Nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɔhaw ahorow yi betumi ayɛ aniberesɛm , na ebia ayaresa a egye nkwa ho behia. Nyarewa bi wɔ hɔ a ɛtra hɔ nkwa nna nyinaa, nanso sɛ wɔsa abofra no yare yiye na wɔne oduruyɛfo no bom yɛ adwuma a, obetumi ne saa yare no atra ase sɛnea ɛsɛ. Awiei koraa no, saa nnuruyɛfo yi mmɔdenbɔ ne sɛ wɔbɛma wo ba no anya asetra pa, anigye (`(asetra pa)`).

Efi bere a abofra mene aduan, na ɔyam, na awiei koraa no ɔtow nsu no, biribiara a ɛba no yɛ nea ɛyɛ den yiye. Saa nnuruyɛfo atitiriw yi nim adeyɛ yi nyinaa yiye. Enti, wobetumi asɔ wo ba no ahwɛ na wɔasa no yare wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata wo so. Wobetumi nso aboa wo ma woate wo ba no yare ne nea wobɛhwɛ kwan daakye ase.

Dɛn ankasa na nnuruyɛfo yi yɛ? (Dɛn na Mmofra Yafunu Ho Nnuruyɛfo yɛ?)

Mmofra yafunu mu yafunu ho animdefo yɛ biribiara a mpanyimfo yafunu mu yafunu ho animdefo yɛ. Nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ mu ne sɛ wɔde saa nnwuma yi ma nkokoaa, mmofra a wɔretu mmirika, ne mmofra nkumaa. Ebia wɔn da biara da adwuma no bi ne:

• Wɔne awofo no kasa na wobisa abofra no yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne n’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm.Wɔbɛbisa wo nsɛm te sɛ, "Bere ahe na akokoaa no anya yafunu mu yaw yi?", "So ɔrefe?", "So ne mu duru so retew?"
• Ebia wɔde wo bɛkɔ akɔyɛ mfoninitwa nhwehwɛmu titiriw bi na wɔahu nea yare no yɛ ankasa, anaasɛ wɔn ankasa bɛyɛ oprehyɛn ahorow bi.
• Wɔsa yareɛ a wɔhunu no. Ebetumi ayɛ nea wɔde nnuru di dwuma, anaasɛ ebetumi ayɛ ayaresa afoforo.
• Wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo wɔ mmofra yafunu mu yare ho .
• Daakye, nnuruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ afoforo na wɔakyerɛ wɔn kwan.

Nhwehwɛmu ne ayaresa bɛn na nnuruyɛfo yi yɛ? (Nneɛma a Mmofra Yafunu Ho Ɔbenfo betumi ayɛ)

Saa nnuruyɛfo atitiriw yi betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu ne ayaresa ahorow pii. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔatete wɔn titiriw sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔfrɛ no endoscopy .

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, endoscopy yɛ adeyɛ a wɔde afiri tenten a ɛyɛ tratraa a mfoninitwa afiri abata ho hyɛ abofra no nipadua mu de hwɛ mu de hu nea ɛde sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ba. Abofra no yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne nea oduruyɛfo no pɛ sɛ ohu na ɛkyerɛ faako a afiri no wɔ.

`(Endoscopy)` ahorow bi ni:

• Upper endoscopy: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde afiri bi fa ano no mu. Ɛma abofra no tumi hu aduannuru, yafunu, ne dwensɔtwaa ketewa (duodenum) no atifi.
• Colonoscopy: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde afiri bi fa akyi berɛmo no mu (wɔ akyi berɛmo no ase) de hwehwɛ dwensɔtwaa kɛse no nyinaa mu (anom).
• Capsule endoscopy: Eyi yɛ soronko kakra. Abofra no mene mfoninitwa afiri ketewaa bi a ɛte sɛ vitamin capsule. Mfoninitwa afiri no twa dwensɔtwaa ketewa no mfonini bere a ɛnam nipadua no mu no.

Saa `(Endoscopy)` nhwehwɛmu yi boa kɛse wɔ nyarewa a wohu mu. Efisɛ wotumi hwɛ abofra no aduan mu akwaa ahorow no mu. Ɛtɔ da bi a wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, wobetumi afa ntini ketewaa bi (`(biopsy)`) de akɔma akɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo. Afei nso, ɛtɔ da bi a wobetumi de `(Endoscopy)` adi dwuma de asa yare no.

Nea ɛka ho no, mmofra yafunu mu yafunu ho animdefo nso betumi ayɛ nneɛma te sɛ:

• Berɛbo mu nhwehwɛmu yɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yi mmerɛbo no fã ketewaa bi de hwɛ sɛ mmerɛbo mu yare bi wɔ hɔ anaa, nea ɛde ba, ne dodow a wɔasɛe no.
• Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma abofra no sɛ obedidi a, wobetumi de afiri a wɔde ma aduan (`(feeding tube)`) ahyɛ mu de ama aduannuru a ɛho hia, anaasɛ wobetumi de aduannuru ama denam ntini a wɔde fa ntini mu (`(IV catheter)`) so.
• Yɛ nhwehwɛmu titiriw (`motility testing`) na hwɛ sɛ ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ne ntini a ɛwɔ wo ba no aduan mu no reyɛ adwuma yiye anaa.

Bere bɛn na na wɔde abofra bi bɛkɔ yafunu ne ne dwensɔtwaa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn? (Dɛn nti na wɔde abofra bi bɛkɔ yafunu ne ne dwensɔtwaa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?)

Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wo ba no kɔ oduruyɛfo titiriw bi te sɛ eyi nkyɛn kɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu anaa ayaresa. Nsɛmmisa bi a nnuruyɛfo yi betumi aboa wɔ ho ni:

• Sɛ abofra no da sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛfa aduan mu nhyehyɛe ho adi (`(GI sɛnkyerɛnne)`) . (e.g. yafunu mu yaw a ɛkɔ so, ɔfe, akisikuru, akisikuru).
• Wɔ nsɛm a abofra no nnye aduannuru mfi aduan a wodi mu no mu.
• Sɛ wɔansa yare no yiye a , nsɛnnennen afoforo betumi aba .
• Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔ tebea horow a nkwa da asiane mu mu .

Nea ɛho hia no, mmofra nnuruyɛfo taa de mmofra kɔ yafunu mu yafunu ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ma wɔte yafunu mu yaw a ɛyɛ adwuma. Sɛ wo ba no yafunu taa yɛ no yaw a ɛremma ontumi nkɔ sukuu anaa nni agoru a, ebetumi asiw ne da biara da dwumadi ahorow kwan kɛse. Nneɛma pii betumi ama yafunu mu yaw yi aba. Yafunu mu yafunu ho oduruyɛfo betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu de ahu nea ɛrekɔ so ankasa.

Nyarewa a nnuruyɛfo yi sa no bi ne dɛn? (Tebea horow a mmofra yafunu mu yafunu ho animdefo hu na wɔsa ho nhwɛso ahorow)

Mmofra yafunu ne akyi berɛmo ho animdefo sa tebea horow bi, a nea ɛka ho ne:

• Celiac yare: Eyi yɛ protein bi a wɔfrɛ no gluten (a ɛwɔ awi ne atoko mu) ho akisikuru.
• Cyclic vomiting syndrome: Ɔfe nna pii a ntease biara nnim.
• Eosinophilic esophagitis (EOE): Esophagus (aduan paipu) a ɛyɛ hyew esiane akisikuru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew nti.
• Aduan ho akisikuru anaa nea wontumi nnye ntom: Abofra a ontumi nnyina nnuan bi ano.
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): Yafunu mu nneɛma a ɛsan kɔ esophagus (a ɛte sɛ gastritis).
• Mogya a ɛtɔ fi aduan mu (GI mogya) .
• Onyin a ɛyɛ mmerɛw/mu duru a entumi nkɔ soro .
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): Nea ɛka eyi ho ne dwensɔtwaa mu ɔhyew a enni sabea a wɔfrɛ no Crohn yare ne akisikuru a ɛma obi ho hyehye no.
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): Tebea a ɛma dwensɔtwaa no yɛ mmerɛw na ɛma yafunu mu yɛ den, dwensɔtwaa, anaa akisikuru.
• Mmɛn mu yare .
• Motility issues of the GI tract: Aduan a ɛnkɔ yiye wɔ dwensɔtwaa no mu.
• Pancreatic yare a ɛma obi nya dwensɔtwaa .
• Aduan pa a wonnya nni .
• Mu duru a ɛboro so ne kɛseyɛ mmoroso.
• Short bowel syndrome: Tebea a ɛba mmofra a wɔayi wɔn dwensɔtwaa ketewa no fã bi mu.

Dɛn ne nnuruyɛfo yi ahokokwaw ne ntetee? (Dɛn na mmofra yafunu ne akyi berɛmo ho animdefo ho akokwaw wɔ ho?)

Mmofra yafunu mu yafunu ho oduruyɛfo a wobɛyɛ no nyɛ mmerɛw. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔfa nhomasua ne ntetee bere tenten mu:

• Nea edi kan no, bachelor’s degree (bɛyɛ mfe 4).
• Afei kɔ aduruyɛ sukuu na nya oduruyɛfo abodin krataa (bɛyɛ mfe 4).
• Nea edi hɔ ne ntetee titiriw wɔ mmofra ayaresa mu (`(residency program in pediatrics)`) (bɛyɛ mfe 3).
• Ɛno akyi nkutoo na wonya fekubɔ wɔ mmofra yafunu mu yafunu mu (bɛyɛ mfe 3) mu.
• Ebinom nya ntetee a ɛkɔ akyiri mpo , sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ mmeae te sɛ mmerɛbo a wɔde si nipadua foforo mu, neurogastroenterology, anaa kɛseyɛ mmoroso ho aduruyɛ mu.

Sɛ wɔyɛ eyi nyinaa wie a, ɛsɛ sɛ wotwa sɔhwɛ ahorow mu na wonya adansedi krataa wɔ bagua no mu wɔ mmofra ne mmofra yafunu mu nyarewa mu .

Mmofra yafunu mu yafunu ho animdefo binom paw sɛ wɔbɛyɛ nneɛma afoforo ho adwuma titiriw na wɔasua ho ade pii. Nhwɛso ahorow:

• Mmofra mmerɛbo mu yare ne mmerɛbo a wɔde ma obi foforo.
• Yare a ɛma obi ho hyehye no.
• Nnuanennuro.

Wubetumi asusuw nnuruyɛfo yi ho sɛ "mmofra nnuruyɛfo a wɔwɔ tumi akɛse." Te sɛ mmofra ayarehwɛfo a wɔyɛ daa no, wɔn ho akokwaw yiye wɔ nkɔmmɔ a wɔne mmofra bɔ mu, wɔma wɔn ho tɔ wɔn, na wɔma wɔn ho tɔ wɔn. Wɔn tumi titiriw ne nimdeɛ a emu dɔ a wɔwɔ wɔ mmofra yafunu mu haw ne aduan mu haw ahorow ho. Wobetumi adi biribiara ho dwuma fi yafunu a ɛyɛ yaw bere nyinaa so kosi mogya a ɛtɔ a wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu so.

Saa nnuruyɛfo atitiriw yi wɔ hɔ ma wo nso. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu nka na wunnim nea wobɛhwɛ kwan bere a wo ba no yafunu ayɛ no yaw no. Wɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ nea ɛrekɔ so wɔ wo ba no nipadua mu mu akyerɛ wo na wɔabɔ wo amanneɛ wɔ anammɔn biara a wobɛtu mu.

Nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fi saa asɛm yi mu (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, enti yɛaka pii ho asɛm nnɛ. Sɛ yɛde rewie a, nneɛma a ɛho hia paa a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae ni:

• Mmofra Yafunu mu Nnuruyɛfo yɛ nnuruyɛfo a wɔn ho akokwaw wɔ nkokoaa, mmofra a wɔretu mmirika, ne mmofra nkumaa aduan mu nyarewa a wɔsa mu.
• Sɛ wo ba no taa yafunu mu yɛ no yaw, n’adidi mu haw, anaasɛ onya nkɔso mu haw a, nsusuw ho mprenu sɛ wobɛkɔ akɔhwɛ oduruyɛfo titiriw te sɛ eyi.
• Nnuruyɛfo yi betumiHu yare no yiye, ma abofra no ayaresa a ɛfata, na boa abofra no ma ɔtra ase pa.
• Afei nso, wɔne mmofra da adamfofa su kɛse na wɔboa wɔn awofo paa.

Enti, sɛ ɛba wo ba no akwahosan so a, ɛfata sɛ wohwehwɛ mmoa fi oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw saa hɔ.

` Mmofra Yafunu mu Nyarewa, Mmofra Yafunu mu Nyarewa, Mmofra Yafunu mu Nyarewa, Nnuan a Wɔyam, Endoscopy, Colonoscopy, Mmofra Akwahosan