Dɛn na PERRLA kyerɛ wɔ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu mu? Momma yɛnte ase kɛkɛ!

So woayɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu pɛn na woate oduruyɛfo anaa akwahosan ho ɔbenfo bi ka biribi te sɛ ‘PERRLA’ pɛn? Anaasɛ woahu asɛmfua a ɛte saa pɛn wɔ w’amanneɛbɔ no mu? Sɛ wote eyi a, ebia wobɛdwene sɛ, "Asɛmfua a ɛyɛ nwonwa yi ne dɛn?" Mma ɛnhaw wo, ɛyɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye, nanso ɛho hia yiye a wɔatwa no tiaa. Momma yɛnka ho asɛm nnɛ, a ɛnyɛ den te sɛ nea yɛne w’adamfo bi bɛkasa.

Dɛn na PERRLA kyerɛ? Dɛn na ɛkyerɛ?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, PERRLA yɛ ɔkwan a nnuruyɛfo de di dwuma de hwɛ sɛ ebia w’aniwa no (a ɛyɛ tuntum a ɛwɔ w’ani mfinimfini, anaa nea nnuruyɛfo frɛ aniwa no ) reyɛ adwuma yiye anaa. Wɔsan frɛ eyi ``pupillary exam.'' W'ani ho ɔbenfo (``Aniwa ho ɔyaresafo'') anaa oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ aniwa so betumi ayɛ eyi.

Wɔnam nkyerɛwde a edi kan a ɛwɔ Borɔfo nsɛmfua pii mu a wɔaka abom so na ɛyɛ asɛmfua PERRLA. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea nkyerɛwde biara gyina hɔ ma, na wobɛte sɛnea ɛyɛ mmerɛw no ase.

• P - Pupils : Eyi ne nsensanee tuntum a ewo w'ani mfinimfini, a wosan fr3 no pupil. Eyi ne aniwa no fã a ɛwɔ kɔla (iris) no mfinimfini ankasa. Oduruyɛfo no bedi kan ahwɛ sɛ osuani no wɔ gyinabea a ɛfata anaa.

• E - Equal : 'Equal' kyere se 'ade koro'. Enti nea yɛrehwɛ wɔ ha ne sɛ ebia nkaa tuntum a ɛwɔ w'ani abien no nyinaa mu no kɛse yɛ pɛ anaa . Wɔ aniwa a ɛte apɔw mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ eyinom yɛ ade koro. Sɛ biako sõ na biako sua a, ɛno betumi ayɛ biribi a ɛkyerɛ biribi.

• R - Round : Afei, hwɛ sɛnea wo ring tuntum no te. Ɛsɛ sɛ ring tuntum a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden yɛ kurukuruwa fɛfɛɛfɛ , a n’ano yɛ pefee. Te sɛ kurukuruwa ketewaa bi. Sɛ ɛtrɛw, enni nsɛso, anaasɛ n’afã horow a emu nna hɔ a, wɔhyɛ ɛno nso nsow.

• R - Reactive : 'Reactive' kyerɛ sɛ 'abua'. Eyi kyerɛ sɛnea w’aniwa no yɛ n’ade wɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho, titiriw abɔnten . Wɔ aniwa a ɛte apɔw mu no, aniwa no twetwe de hwehwɛ ahobammɔ bere a ɛda hann mu no, na ɛtrɛw wɔ sum mu ma wohu nneɛma a atwa ho ahyia no yiye. Te sɛ mfoninitwa afiri a wɔde hwɛ ade no ara pɛ.

• L - Hann : Eyi ne asɛmfua 'Reactive' a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no wɔ abusuabɔ. Oduruyɛfo no bɛhyerɛn kanea ketewaa bi wɔ w’ani so ahwɛ sɛ ebia nsensanee tuntum no so retew anaa. Wɔnam hann a wɔde hyerɛn aniwa abien no nyinaa so sesa so na ɛyɛ eyi. Eyi yɛ nea wɔde hwɛ sɛ aniwa no reyɛ ho biribi yiye de abɔ ne ho ban afi hann ho anaa.

• A - Dabere : Wei ye biribi a ehia nkyerɛkyerɛmu kakra. ‘Dabere’ yɛ aniwa no tumi soronko. Fa no sɛ, worekenkan nhoma bi wɔ w’anim, na mpofirim ara woma wo ti so hwɛ obi a ɔwɔ akyirikyiri. Afei ɛsɛ sɛ w’ani yɛ nsakrae ma ɛne saa kwan no hyia. Saa na wɔfrɛ eyi. Aniwa a ɛte apɔw betumiHwɛ biribi a ɛbɛn na afei mpofirim ara sesa w’adwene ma hwɛ biribi a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri. Sɛ woyɛ eyi a, ring tuntum no kɛse nso sesa. Sɛ wohwɛ biribi a ɛbɛn a, mpɛtea tuntum no yɛ ketewaa, na sɛ wohwɛ biribi a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri a, ɛyɛ kɛse. Saa sɔhwɛ yi nso hwɛ sɛ saa tumi yi wɔ hɔ anaa.

Afei so wote nea PERRLA yɛ ase? Nokwarem no, ɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu kratasin a nnuruyɛfo de hwɛ sɛ w’ani wɔ apɔwmuden anaa. Ɛte sɛ nea worehwɛ list bi bere a woreyɛ kar ho adwuma no.

Bere bɛn na wɔyɛ PERRLA sɔhwɛ no?

Nnuruyɛfo na wɔtaa yɛ saa PERRLA nhwehwɛmu yi. Ma yɛnhwɛ tebea horow a:

• Wɔ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa mu: Sɛ wokɔ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu te sɛ pɛnkoro afe biara a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wɔbɛyɛ PERRLA sɔhwɛ yi wɔ hɔ. Ɛyɛ sɔhwɛ a wɔyɛ no daa no fã.
• Bere a woreyɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu daa: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wobetumi ayɛ eyi bere a w’abusua oduruyɛfo reyɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a edi mũ no, efisɛ aniwa no nso betumi ama woanya nyarewa afoforo a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu ho nsɛnkyerɛnne.
• Ntini mu nhwehwɛmu: Sɛ wowɔ ɔhaw biara wɔ w’amemene anaa wo ntini mu a, nhwehwɛmu yi nso ho hia, efisɛ aniwa no dwumadi ne amemene no dwumadi wɔ abusuabɔ tẽẽ.
• Wɔ tebea a egye ntɛmpɛ mu: Sɛ w’ani apira, wobɔ wo ti, anaasɛ wowɔ aniwa mu haw mpofirim a, wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi ntɛm ara wɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ ayaresa a egye ntɛmpɛ mu.

Nnipa dodow no ara nya nea ɛfata fi sɔhwɛ yi mu. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ nea efi mu ba no nyɛ nea ɛfata a, ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo na ama wɔahu nea ɛde ba.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ PERRLA sɔhwɛ no?

Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye. Worente ɛyaw biara nka. Oduruyɛfo anaa aniwa ho ɔyaresafo no de kanea ketewaa bi a wɔde nsa kura, ebia wɔn nsateaa anaa kyerɛwdua bedi dwuma de ayɛ eyi.

Wɔbɛma woatra akongua bi so wɔ dan a emu ayɛ sum kakra mu. Afei, sɛnea oduruyɛfo no ka kyerɛ wo no, ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ emu biara. Ɛho hia sɛ wokɔ so yɛ komm na woanhaw wo ho.

Dɛn na ɛba bere a wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no?

Oduruyɛfo no di anammɔn yi akyi:

1. Susuw nkaa tuntum no nsusuwii ne ne kɛse denam aniwa a wobɛhwɛ so: Nea edi kan no, hwɛ w’ani kɛkɛ na hwɛ sɛ nkaa tuntum abien no kɛse yɛ pɛ, ɛyɛ kurukuruwa, na ɛwɔ anoano a emu da hɔ anaa.

2. Swinging light test (Marcus Gunn test): Bere a worehwɛ w’anim tẽẽ no, oduruyɛfo no bɛma kanea no afi aniwa biako so akɔ foforo so wɔ sikɔne abien biara mu. Eyi bɛhwɛ sɛnea aniwa abien no nyinaa mu aniwa no yɛ n’ade wɔ hann ho.

3. Light reflex test: Hyerɛn hann bi kɔ aniwa biako mu na hwɛ sɛ aniwa tuntum no so tew anaa. Afei fa aniwa foforo no nso yɛ saa ara. Yɛ eyi mprenu anaa mprɛnsa.

4. Anisoadehu a ɛbɛn ne akyirikyiri sɔhwɛ:Oduruyɛfo no de ne nsateaa anaa kyerɛwdua bɛbɛn w’anim, afei akɔ akyirikyiri, afei ɔde akɔ nkyɛn, na waka akyerɛ wo sɛ hwɛ. Eyi yɛ nea wɔde bɛsɔ w’ani tumi a ‘ɛbɛda’ no ahwɛ.

5. Near reflex test: Wɔsrɛ wo sɛ hwɛ ade bi wɔ akyirikyiri , bere a wɔhwɛ sɛnea aniwa tuntum no yɛ n’ade.

Eyi nyinaa begye simma kakraa bi. Ɛyɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ ntɛm paa.

Bere tenten ahe na egye na woanya PERRLA sɔhwɛ no mu aba?

Mpɛn pii no, wubehu nea efi sɔhwɛ yi mu ba ntɛm ara . Sɛ oduruyɛfo no wie nhwehwɛmu no ara pɛ a, ɔbɛkyerɛ wo sɛ biribiara ye anaasɛ biribi anyɛ yiye. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi a, nsuro sɛ wubebisa oduruyɛfo no.

Dɛn na PERRLA a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so aba no kyerɛ?

Sɛ PERRLA sɔhwɛ no mu aba no nyɛ nea ɛfata a, mma wo ho nnpopo ntɛm ara, nsusuw sɛ ɛkyerɛ sɛ biribi anyɛ yiye . Nea ɛkyerɛ ara ne sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ biribi mu kɔ akyiri fa w’ani akwahosan anaa w’anisoadehu ho.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebetumi ayɛ biribi a ɛnyɛ den. Ebia wowɔ aniwa mu haw sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wohyɛ aniwa ahwehwɛ anaa ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade a.

Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a nea efi mu ba a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so yi betumi akyerɛ sɛ obi wɔ aduruyɛ mu tebea foforo a ɛhyɛ ase. Sɛ ɛte saa a, wo duruyɛfo bɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu pii na ama wɔahu nea ɛde ba ankasa.

Tebea ahorow bɛn na PERRLA nhwehwɛmu no betumi aboa ma wɔahu?

Nea efi mu ba a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so wɔ PERRLA sɔhwɛ no mu betumi ayɛ kɔkɔbɔ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya ayaresa tebea horow bi. Nhwɛso kakraa bi ni:

• Anisocoria: Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛsono aniwa abien no irises no kɛse. Baako sõ na biako nso sua.
• Adie anim: Wɔ eyi mu no, aniwa tuntum a ɛwɔ aniwa biako mu no sõ sen sɛnea ɛte daa na sɛ wɔde hann a ano yɛ den to mu mpo a, ɛntew.
• Argyll Robertson asuafo: Wɔtaa hu eyi wɔ STD te sɛ akisikuru no awiei. Wɔ eyi mu no, osuani no yɛ ketewaa bere a ɔhwɛ biribi a ɛbɛn no, nanso ɛnyɛ hann ho biribi.
• Aniwa mu akisikuru: Sɛ biribi te sɛ aniwa no mu akisikuru anaasɛ aniwa no mu ntini bi asɛe a, nea efi mu ba yi betumi ayɛ soronko.
• Glaucoma: Glaucoma yɛ tebea a ɛma nhyɛso a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no yɛ kɛse.
• Horner syndrome: Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛka ntini a ɛka amemene no ne aniwa ne anim bom no.
• Aniwa ntini mu haw ahorow: Sɛ nhwɛso no, aniwa mu ntini mu yare yɛ aniwa ntini, ntini titiriw a ɛka aniwa no ne amemene no bom no a ɛyɛ hyew (ɛhonhon).

Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom ɛtɔ mmere bi a nea efi PERRLA sɔhwɛ no mu ba a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so nso betumi akyerɛ tebea horow a emu yɛ den a ɛfa amemene no ho. Eyinom bi ne:

• Mogya ntini bi a ɛpaapae anaa ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ amemene no mu (`Aneurysm`) .
• Amemene mu asɛe bi (`Amemene mu akuru`) .
• Amemene mu akisikuru
• Concussion (nkɛntɛnso a ɛba amemene no so esiane ɔhwe a emu yɛ den a wɔbɔ wɔ ti nti) .
• Tebea a ɛte sɛ akisikuru
• Nnwodwoɔ

Ebia eyi bɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ hu, nanso kae sɛ, PERRLA a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so aba no nkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ saa nyarewa yi mu biara. Ɛkyerɛ kɛkɛ sɛ, "Biribi wɔ ha, momma yɛnhwɛ mu kakra bio."

Mpɛn ahe na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ w’ani?

Aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa ho hia na ama wɔatumi akura aniwa a ɛyɛ papa ne akwahosan nyinaa mu. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo anaa aniwa ho ɔyaresafo nkasa na ɔnyɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛbɛyɛ adwuma ama wo. Hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ baabi a wobɛkɔ akɔhwɛ sɛnea saa nhyehyɛe no te pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ yebenya aniwa mu nyarewa no yɛ kɛse, titiriw bere a yɛrenyin no. Enti, sɛ yɛma wɔyɛ saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi ntɛm a, yebetumi ahu tebea horow no na yɛafi ayaresa ase ansa na abɛyɛ ɔhaw kɛse.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Sɛ wotaa kɔyɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu a, ebia woate PERRLA sɔhwɛ no ho asɛm. Ɛyɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛnyɛ den, nanso ɛho hia yiye. Ɛma wo duruyɛfo nya w’ani ne w’aniwa akwahosan ho adwene pa.

Afei nso, PERRLA nhwehwɛmu no betumi ama woanya nyarewa afoforo a ahintaw wɔ wo nipadua mu ho nsɛnkyerɛnne. Afei wobetumi ahu wɔn ntɛm na wɔasa wɔn yare ansa na yare no mu ayɛ den . Ɛnam ɔhwɛ a wɔde siw yareɛ ano te sɛ yei so na yɛbɛtumi aboa yɛn ama yɛanya apɔmuden akyɛ.

Enti, bere foforo a wobɛkɔ akɔyɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu na woate PERRLA ho asɛm no, afei de wunim nea ɛkyerɛ. W’akwahosan a wobɛhwɛ so no wɔ wo nsam!

` Aniwa nhwehwɛmu, PERRLA, aniwa tuntum, anisoadehu, aniwa akwahosan, nhwehwɛmu, akwahosan nhwehwɛmu