So w’aniwa fã bi nso yɛ sum? Momma yɛnka Quadrantanopia ho asɛm!

So woate nka pɛn sɛ mpofirim ara wohweree w’ani so kakra? Anaasɛ wote nka sɛ wonam na worebɔ biribi a efi ɔfã biako reba, anaasɛ wote nka sɛ nneɛma pue mpofirim wɔ w’anim? Anaasɛ ebia w’anisoadehu no fã bi te nka sɛ ɛyɛ sum, te sɛ nea ɛyɛ tuntum? Sɛ woanya saa osuahu yi a, ɛho hia sɛ wohwehwɛ mu. Ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka tebea pɔtee bi a ebetumi de eyi aba, a wɔfrɛ no quadrantanopia . Ebia saa din yi bɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ nwonwa kakra, nanso momma yɛmma ɛnyɛ mmerɛw.

Dɛn ne saa `Quadrantanopia` yi? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Quadrantanopia yɛ aduruyɛ mu asɛmfua. Nea ɛkyerɛ ara ne sɛ wobɛhwere w’ani so wɔ w’aniwa a ɛhwɛ ade no nkyem anan mu biako mu , anisoadehu a wubetumi ahu nyinaa. Fa tebea a ɛwɔ w’anim no nyinaa sɛ ohoni kɛse biako. Yɛkyekyɛ ohoni yi mu anan a ɛyɛ pɛ, anaasɛ afã anan. Ɛte sɛ nea woretwitwa keeki mu ayɛ no anan.

W’anisoadehu no wɔ nifa ne benkum fã wɔ soro, na nifa ne benkum fã wɔ ase. `Quadrantanopia` ne bere a wohwere w'ani nyinaa wɔ saa mmeae anan no mu biako, na ɛte sɛ nea saa beae no yɛ sum koraa. Ɛte sɛ nea wuntumi nhwɛ saa fã no.

Nea ɛho hia: Sɛ wuntumi nhu w’aniwa fã (atifi, ase, nifa, anaa benkum) a, wɔfrɛ tebea no `Hemianopia`. Ɛha yi, "anopia" kyerɛ sɛ obi nhu ade, anifurae. "hemi" kyerɛ fã, na "quadrant" kyerɛ nkyem anan mu biako.

Edin foforo a wɔde frɛ `Quadrantanopia` ne `Quadrantopsia`. Edin abien no nyinaa kyerɛ tebea koro.

So `Quadrantanopia` ahorow ahorow wɔ hɔ?

Yiw, wobetumi akyekyɛ Quadrantanopia mu ahorow pii a egyina aniwa no fã anan a ɛka no so. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ:

• Homonymous quadrantanopia: Eyi ne bere a wohwere w’ani so wɔ aniwa abien no nyinaa fã koro, wɔ afã anan koro no ara mu.
• Wei betumi ayɛ nea ɛwɔ soro quadrants - benkum atifi quadrant anaa nifa atifi quadrants.
• Anaasɛ ebetumi aba wɔ quadrants a ɛwɔ fam no mu - benkum ase quadrants anaa nifa ase quadrants.
• Ɛtɔ da bi a nnuruyɛfo de aseresɛm frɛ tebea no ``Homonymous superior quadrantanopia'' sɛ ``pie wɔ wim '', a ɛkyerɛ sɛ aniwa no fã a ɛwɔ soro no ayera.
• Afei nso, wɔfrɛ aniwa a ɛyera wɔ afã horow a ɛwɔ fam no "pie wɔ fam." Eyinom yɛ din ahorow a ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛkae.

• `Binasal quadrantanopia`: Eyi ka atifi anaa ase quadrants a ɛbɛn hwene no kɛse. Ɛne sɛ, aniwa abien no nyinaa mu afã horow.

• `Bitemporal quadrantanopia`: Eyi ka atifi anaa ase quadrants, a ɛne hwene no ntam kwan ware na ɛwɔ aso akyi. Ɛne sɛ, aniwa abien no nyinaa akyi.

Wɔakyekyɛ tebea yi mu sɛnea beae a nkɛntɛnso no wɔ te.

Dɛn ne obi a ɔwɔ Quadrantanopia ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw ne sɛ obi ntumi nhu ade yiye wɔ aniwa no nkyem anan mu biako mu . Nanso ebia worenhu eyi ntɛm ara. Ebia nneɛma afoforo nti w’adwene mu yɛ wo naa wɔ eyi ho.

• Ebia wubenya su sɛ wobɛdan wo ti akɔ anim ne akyi bere nyinaa a wunnim . Ɛyɛ w’amemene no kwan a ɛfa so bɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛhyɛ nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ w’anisoadehu mu no ma.
• Ɛtɔ mmere bi a nneɛma betumi ayɛ te sɛ nea ɛbɛda adi mpofirim wɔ w'anim . Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wonam abɔnten a, ebia wobɛte nka sɛ kar anaa obi a ofi ɔfã biako reba w’anim mpofirim, a wunhu kosi bere a etwa to.
• Ebetumi ayɛ biribi te sɛ biribi a wobɛbɔ bere nyinaa, anaasɛ wobɛtiatia biribi so . Fa no sɛ, sɛ worekyinkyin fie hɔ a, bere nyinaa wobɔ nkongua bi nan, pon bi ntwea so. Anaasɛ wudi mfomso bere a woreforo anaa woresiane antweri no.
• Sɛ worekenkan a, ebia wobɛpa nkyerɛwde a ɛtoatoa so, anaasɛ worenhu nkyerɛwde bi wɔ ɔfã biako.

Ɛyɛ bere a nneɛma a ɛte sɛɛ sisi no na wufi ase susuw sɛ, "Oh, biribi asɛe wɔ m'anisoadehu no ho, ɛnte saa?"

Dɛn nti na saa `Quadrantanopia` yi ba? Dɛn na ɛde ba?

Quadrantanopia ba bere a akwan a wɔfa so hu ade a ɛde nsɛm kɔ w'ani ne w'amemene ntam no mu . Nea wode w’ani hu no, wɔde kɔ w’amemene mu baabi a yɛkyerɛ ase sɛ mfonini. Saa nsɛm yi tu kwan sɛ anyinam ahoɔden nsɛnkyerɛnne fa ntini titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no aniwa ntini ne mmeae a wotumi hu ade wɔ w’amemene mu no mu. Sɛ akwan yi sɛe a, ebetumi ama aniwa no fã bi ayera.

Nneɛma atitiriw pii nti na ɛsɛe ade yi:

• Akisikuru: Sɛ mogya ntini bi a ɛde mogya kɔ amemene no mu no siw anaasɛ ɛpae, na ɛma amemene no mu nkwammoaa sɛe a, akwan a wɔfa so hu ade no nso betumi asɛe.
• Akisikuru: Akisikuru (a ɛyɛ kokoram anaasɛ ɛnyɛ hu) a ɛwɔ amemene no fã biara no betumi aka aniwa so sɛ ɛhyɛ aniwa ntini no so a.
• Amemene mu opira a ɛyɛ hu (TBI): Saa tebea yi betumi aba esiane sɛnea amemene no asɛe nti sɛ wobɔ wo ti kɛse esiane kar akwanhyia, asehwe, anaa opira foforo nti a.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ w’amemene no fã biako sɛe a, ebia worenhu ade wɔ baabi a wotumi hu ade wɔ ɔfã foforo no. Wɔfrɛ eyi `contralateral damage`. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ w’amemene no nifa asɛe a, wubetumi ahwere w’ani a wuhu ade no fã bi wɔ benkum so.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ wowɔ `Quadrantanopia`?

Sɛ wuhu nsakrae biara wɔ w’anisoadehu mu a, akyinnye biara nni hoƐsɛ sɛ wokɔ aniwa ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn. Obebisa wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne na wayɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu.

Nea ɛka ho no, wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu afoforo pii de ahu tebea yi pɛpɛɛpɛ:

• `Visual field testing`: Eyi ne sɔhwɛ a ɛho hia sen biara. Ɛhwɛ w’anisoadehu no nyinaa. Ɛne sɛ, baabi a wubetumi ahu soro, fam, benkum, ne nifa bere a wote baabi biako a worenhinhim wo ti, sɛnea w’anisoadehu no yɛ nkate wɔ w’anisoadehu no afã horow, ne sɛ ebia nsensanee tuntum bi wɔ baabiara anaa.
• Ophthalmic electrophysiology: Saa nhwehwɛmu kuw yi susuw sɛnea w’aniwa nhyehyɛe no afã horow (ani, aniwa ntini, amemene) yɛ wɔn ade wɔ hann ho. Wɔfrɛ sɔhwɛ pɔtee biako Electroretinogram (ERG).

Egyina nea efi nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi mu ba so na oduruyɛfo no betumi aka sɛ ebia wowɔ Quadrantanopia, ko a ɛyɛ, ne nea ebia ɛde ba.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa Quadrantanopia?

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, Quadrantanopia betumi asiesie no ankasa a wɔmfa ayaresa biara nka ho . Nanso, eyi taa ba wɔ asram abiɛsa kosi asia ntam. Eyi nso gu ahorow gyina nea ɛde ba ne baabi a nneɛma asɛe no so.

Nanso, ɛnyɛ obiara na ne ho tɔ no wɔ saa kwan yi so. Sɛ ɛnte saa a, akwan bi wɔ hɔ a wobɛfa so ne tebea no atra ase na woadi sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ho dwuma.

Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ akwan horow a wɔfa so yɛ `aniwa a wɔde hwɛ ade` . Eyinom mma aniwa a ayera no nsan mma, na mmom ɛboa wo ma wode w’ani a aka no di dwuma yiye na ɛtew ɔhaw a ɛba wo da biara da dwumadi ahorow a beae a ɛyɛ sum no de ba no so.

Ebia akwan yi bi ne nneɛma te sɛ:

• Sɛ woyɛ wo su sɛ wobɛdan wo ti mpɛn pii na woayɛ ntɛm akɔ baabi a esum wɔ no a, ɛbɛboa wo ma woanya beae a wuntumi nhu no ho ntease.
• Ntrɛwmu akwankyerɛ anaa agyiraehyɛde a ɛhyerɛn a wode bedi dwuma de aboa wo ma woahu nkyerɛwde bere a worekenkan ade no.
• Ayaresa titiriw a egyina kɔmputa so a ɛkanyan aniwa a ɛyɛ sum no afã horow.

Wɔyɛ eyinom nyinaa de boa wo ma wosan de wo ho sɛnea wubetumi biara.

So biribi wɔ hɔ a yebetumi ayɛ de atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ yebenya `Quadrantanopia` no so?

Esiane sɛ nneɛma titiriw a ɛde `Quadrantanopia` ba ne `Stroke` ne `Traumatic brain injury (TBI)` nti, ade a eye sen biara a yebetumi ayɛ ne sɛ yɛbɛyɛ anammɔn bi de atew asiane a ɛwɔ tebea abien yi mu no so. Eyi bɛtew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobɛhwere ade a wotumi hu no nkyem anan mu biako no so.

Tew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase no so:

• Di aduan a ahoɔden wom: Di aduan a srade, nkyene, ne srade a ɛdɔɔso nnim, na fa nnuaba, nhabannuru, ne nhabannuru ahorow ka ho.
• Kura mu duru a ɛfata mu: Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛkɔ so akura wo mu duru a ɛfata wo tenten mu.
• Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ daa: Biribi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw te sɛ nantew simma 30 da biara mpo betumi aboa.
• To nsa a wonom ano hye.
• Gyae sigaretnom ne tawa ho nneɛma a wode di dwuma koraa. Sɛ wuhia mmoa wɔ eyi ho a, wo ne oduruyɛfo nkasa.

Tew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi bepira amemene mu a ɛyɛ hu (TBI) so:

• Ka kar dwoodwoo: Hyɛ ahobammɔ bɛlt bere nyinaa. Mfa nnubɔne anaa nsa nka kar. Mfa fon nni dwuma bere a woreka kar no.
• Hyɛ nneɛma a wode bɔ wo ho ban bere a woreyɛ adwuma anaa woredi agumadi, titiriw dade kyɛw.
• Siw asehwe ano wɔ fie: Ma antweri no mu nna hɔ na hann nkɔ mu yiye. Hwɛ yiye wɔ nneɛma a ɛyɛ hwerɛma ho.
• Ma wɔnhwɛ w’ani daa.
• Bere nyinaa wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa nkyerɛ sɛ ebia nnuru anaa nnuru bi a wɔde ka ho a worenom no na ɛde w’adwene reba anaa.

Sɛ wodi saa suban yi akyi a, ɛnyɛ Quadrantanopia nko na wobɛtumi abɔ wo ho ban, na mmom wobɛtumi abɔ wo ho ban afiri nyarewa foforɔ pii nso ho.

Daakye bɛn na obi a ɔwɔ `Quadrantanopia` betumi ahwɛ kwan?

Aduru biara nni hɔ a edi mũ a wɔde sa Quadrantanopia. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛsan de anisoadehu a asɛe no aba koraa. Nanso, sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a tebea no betumi atu mpɔn wɔ n’ankasa mu, anaasɛ mpo atu mpɔn koraa .

Sɛ woda so ara wɔ aniwa a ɛyera kakra mpo a, mma ɛnhaw wo. Nnipa dodow no ara betumi akɔ so ayɛ nneɛma a na wɔyɛ kan no mu dodow no ara . Egye bere kakra kɛkɛ na woatumi ayɛ nsakrae.

Wo duruyɛfoɔ bɛtumi aka nneɛma a ɛbɛtumi aboa wo ama woadi nsakraeɛ yi ho dwuma, te sɛ anisoadehunu dwumadie, afotuo dwumadie, anaa, sɛ ɛho hia a, wobɛsan ahwɛ wo karka tumi mu.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu sɛ wususuw sɛ wowɔ Quadrantanopia a?

Sɛ wuhu nsakrae mpofirim anaasɛ ɛyera wɔ w’ani so bere biara a, mmu w’ani ngu so. Kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.

Titiriw no, .

• Sɛ wususuw sɛ woreyɛ akisikuru (e.g. w’anim fã biako a ɛbɛhwe ase mpofirim, wo nsa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛkasa).
• Sɛ woanya amemene mu opira a ɛyɛ hu (e.g., kar akwanhyia, asehwe, anaa ɔhwe a emu yɛ den wɔ wo ti so).

Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, ɛho hia sɛ wɔde obi bɛkɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara, efisɛ Quadrantanopia betumi ayɛ tebea bi a emu yɛ den a ɛde ba ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wubisa oduruyɛfo no fa Quadrantanopia ho?

Sɛ wohu sɛ wowɔ Quadrantanopia a, ebia wubenya nsɛmmisa pii. Bisa wo duruyɛfo no eyinom nyinaa ho asɛm. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia wobɛpɛ sɛ wubisa nsɛm te sɛ:

• Nneɛma bɛn na ɛwɔ hɔ a ɛbɛboa me ma matra ase sɛnea ɛsɛ wɔ saa anisoadehu a ɛyera yi ho?
• So `clinical trials` bi wɔ hɔ a metumi de me ho ahyɛ mu?
• So aduan ho nhyehyɛe titiriw bi wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ midi akyi?
• Mɛyɛ dɛn aboa m’abusua ne me nnamfo? So mmeae bi wɔ hɔ a wobetumi anya mmoa?
• So metumi ayɛ sɔhwɛ de ahwɛ ahu sɛ metumi aka kar dwoodwoo?

Bisa biribiara a ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu saa. Ɛho hia paa sɛ wunya wo tebea no ho ntease pa. Tie nea nnuruyɛfo kuw no ka no yiye, na di wɔn afotu akyi.

Awiei koraa no, nea ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, enti mewɔ anidaso sɛ seesei woanya ntease pa wɔ `Quadrantanopia` a yɛkaa ho asɛm nnɛ no ho. Sɛ yɛbɛbɔ no mua a:

• Quadrantanopia yɛ aniwa a ɛyera wɔ w’aniwa a ɛhwɛ ade no nkyem anan mu biako mu .
• Nea ɛde eyi ba titiriw ne tebea horow te sɛ `Stroke`, `Tumors`, ne `Traumatic brain injury` .
• Sɛ wohu nsakrae mpofirim wɔ w’ani so a, hwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara.
• Aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu titiriw bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde hu yare no.
• Ebia ɛno ankasa besiesie, nanso ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na ɛba saa. Nanso, wobetumi adi sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ho dwuma denam aniwa a wɔbɛsan asiesie so .
• Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wɔyɛ akwan a wɔfa so siw ano de tew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase ne TBI so.

Kae sɛ w’anisoadehu no som bo paa. Sɛ wuhu nsakrae bi wɔ mu a, mmu w’ani ngu so. Sɛ woyɛ ade ntɛm a, ebetumi asiw ɔsɛe pii ano. Sɛ wowɔ nneɛma foforo bi a ɛhaw wo a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wo ne oduruyɛfo bɛkasa.

` Quadrantanopia, Anisoadehunu, Anisoadehunu a ɛyera, obubuafoɔ, Amemene mu opira, Aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu, Anisoadehunu a wɔsan siesie, Akisikuru, TBI