So wowɔ kɔla ahorow a ɛyɛ nwonwa nso? Momma yensua tumi a ɛntaa nsi yi ho ade (Tetrachromacy)!

So woasusuw ho pɛn sɛ ebia nnipa binom tumi hu kɔla pii sen yɛn anaa? Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka tumi a ɛte saa a ɛyɛ soronko koraa, ɛyɛ nwonwa kakra, nanso ɛyɛ nwonwa ankasa ho asɛm. Eyi ne nea wɔfrɛ no `(Tetrachromacy)` wɔ aduruyɛ ho nyansahu mu. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nea ɛba ne sɛ nnipa binom, titiriw mmea, tumi hu nsonsonoe na wohu kɔla ɔpepem pii wɔ anifere kwan so sen afoforo. So ɛnyɛ nwonwa? Ma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea eyi ba.

Dɛn ne Tetrachromacy?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, `(Tetrachromacy)` yɛ tumi a ɛntaa nsi koraa. Nnipa a wɔwɔ saa tumi yi wɔ nkwammoaa ahorow anan wɔ wɔn aniwa mu a etumi hu kɔla ahorow. Yɛn mu dodow no ara wɔ nkwammoaa ahorow abiɛsa yi. Yɛfrɛ saa nkwammoaa yi `(cones)` . Wɔwɔ `(retina)` a ɛwɔ yɛn aniwa akyi. Saa cone ahorow yi na ɛma wohu hann na ɛde kɔla ahorow ho nsɛm kɔ amemene no mu.

Afei susuw ho hwɛ, obi a ɔwɔ kɔn ahorow abiɛsa betumi ahu kɔla ɔpepem pii na wahu. Na obi a ɔwɔ saa cone a ɛto so anan yi nso ɛ? Wotumi hu nsonsonoe na wohu kɔla ɔpepehaha pii ! Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ ebia wohu wiase a ɛyɛ kɔla ahorow na ɛyɛ hyew sen nea yehu no.

Nanso ɔhaw ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ. Abenfoɔ nnya nhunuu sɔhwɛ a wotumi de ho to so a wɔde bɛhunu sɛ saa tebea yi a wɔfrɛ no ``Tetrachromacy'' no wɔ hɔ anaa. Enti ɛyɛ den sɛ yɛbɛka sɛnea abu so anaasɛ ɛntaa nsi no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Sɛ wohwehwɛ Intanɛt so a, ebia wubehu biribi te sɛ "Tetrachromacy Test." Nanso, sɛ yɛbɛka nokware a, ɔkwan biara nni hɔ a wobɛfa so ahu eyi pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ Intanɛt so. Enti eye sɛ woremfa saa sɔhwɛ ahorow no nni pii.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na tetrachromacy yɛ adwuma?

Yɛadi kan aka sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ ``Tetrachromacy'' wɔ cone bi a ɛboro so. Saa cone a ɛboro so yi ne nea ɛma wotumi hu kɔla pii. Momma yɛnhwɛ cone ahorow abiɛsa a wɔtaa hu wɔ yɛn ani so no:

• Kɔkɔɔ (L cone): Kɔkɔɔ wɔ asorɔkye tenten. Ɛno nti na wɔfrɛ no L cone no.
• Green (M cone): Eyi wɔ spectrum a wotumi hu no mfinimfini, a asorɔkye tenten yɛ mfinimfini. Ɛno nti na wɔfrɛ no M cone no.
• Blue (S cones): Blue wɔ asorɔkye tenten tiawa. Enti, eyinom yɛ S cones.

Nnipa a wɔwɔ ``Tetrachromacy`` taa nya saa cone type a ɛtɔ so nnan yi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse wɔ kɔla ahorow a ɛbɛn borɔdɔma ho. Saa cone a ɛto so anan yi fi awosu mu nsakrae bi. Ɛne sɛ, nsakrae a ɛba awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu.

Enti, ɔkwan bɛn so na saa cone a ɛto so anan yi ma kɔla ho anisoadehu yɛ anifere saa?

Susuw ho saa kwan yi so. Saa cone a ɛto so anan yi te sɛ kɔla ho nsɛm a cone afoforo no boaboa ano no, nanso ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ.Ɛde nsɛm ka ho. Afei w’amemene no di kɔla ahorow ho nsɛm yi nyinaa ho dwuma, na ɛma wo kɔla ho nkate yɛ kɛse mpo. Ɛno nti na nnipa a wɔwɔ ``Tetrachromacy'' hu kɔla ahorow a ɛboro so mpɛn ɔpehaha pii no.

Dɛn nti na nnipa binom nya saa kɔn a ɛto so anan yi?

Nea enti a ɛte saa no fi yɛn awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu. Ne titiriw no, awosu mu abɔde a ɛhwɛ L cone a ehu kɔkɔɔ no so no wɔ X chromosome no so .

Afei hwɛ, sɛ woyɛ ɔbarima a, wowɔ X chromosome biako. Enti, sɛ mutation bi wɔ saa mu a, wɔbɛsesa wo L cones no nyinaa, na wubetumi anya kɔla anifurae bi.

Nanso, mmea wɔ X chromosome no mfonini abien. Enti, sɛ mfonini biako wɔ awosu mu nkwaadɔm a wɔayɛ no foforo a, obetumi anya L cone a ɛteɛ ne L cone a wɔayɛ no foforo nso. Mmea bɛyɛ 12% na wɔwɔ saa tebea yi. Nanso, ɛnyɛ wɔn nyinaa na wɔwɔ nokware `(Tetrachromacy)`. Sɛ eyi bɛba a, ɛsɛ sɛ wodi nneɛma abien foforo ho dwuma:

1. Ɛsɛ sɛ cone a ɛto so anan no nya frequency sensitivity soronko. Ɛne sɛ, ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nea ɛte nka wɔ kɔla ahorow ho wɔ ɔkwan soronko so sen cone afoforo no. Sɛ ɛnte saa a, amemene no rentumi mfa nsɛm a wonya fi cone a ɛboro so no mu no mma kɔla a ɛte nka no nkɔ soro.

2. Ɛsɛ sɛ w’amemene no nya kɔla akwan anan na ama watumi adi kɔla ho nsɛm ho dwuma. Mpɛn pii no, onipa amemene wɔ kɔla akwan abiɛsa pɛ. Sɛ wowɔ cone ahorow anan mpo a, sɛ wowɔ kɔla akwan abiɛsa pɛ a, worentumi mfa saa kɔla ho nsɛm a ɛboro so no nni dwuma.

Fa no sɛ wowɔ cone ahorow anan ne kɔla akwan abiɛsa. Saa bere no mpo, wubetumi anya tetrachromacy kwan a "ɛyɛ mmerɛw". Mpɛn pii no, nnipa a wɔte saa no yɛ adwuma yiye wɔ kɔla a wohu mu nhwehwɛmu mu sen nnipa a wɔte ase. Nanso, nhwehwɛmu foforo ho hia na ama wɔahu sɛ ebia saa tetrachromacy dodow a ɛyɛ mmerɛw/a emu yɛ den yi wɔ hɔ ankasa ne sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma.

Nea ɛho hia: Wei kyerɛ sɛ `(Tetrachromacy)` nyɛ sɛ wobɛnya cone foforo nko, na mmom ɛfa amemene no nhyehyɛe nso ho.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsɔ nokware tetrachromacy hwɛ?

Nnwinnade atitiriw a nhwehwɛmufo de hu sɛ wowɔ tetrachromacy anaa no mu biako ne DNA nhwehwɛmu . Nhwehwɛmufo nim awosu mu nkwaadɔm a ɛhwɛ sɛnea cone a ɛwɔ yɛn aniwa mu no yɛ adwuma so. Enti wonim baabi a nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae no betumi ayɛ ne nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae pɔtee bi a ɛda adi sɛ ɛde ba no bi.

Nanso, DNA nhwehwɛmu nkutoo ntumi nsi so dua sɛ wowɔ Tetrachromacy. Ɛhwehwɛ hardware a ɛyɛ soronko koraa na ne bo yɛ den. Afei nso, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow no wɔ baabi a kanea tebea nnya nea efi mu ba no so nkɛntɛnso. Wɔtaa yɛ eyinom wɔ mmeae a wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu ne ayaresabea ahorow a ɛne sukuupɔn ahorow wɔ abusuabɔ.

So wuntumi nyɛ sɔhwɛ wɔ Intanɛt so?

Dabi, intanɛt so sɔhwɛ biara nni hɔ a ɛfata a ebetumi ahu `(Tetrachromacy)`.. Wɔrentumi mfa kɔmputa ne mfiridwuma mu mfiri pii nyɛ eyi. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, mfiri dodow no ara screens no ntumi nkyerɛ kɔla ahorow wɔ ɔkwan a wɔn a wɔwɔ ``Tetrachromacy'' nkutoo na wohu so.

Te sɛ mfiri a yɛde di dwuma nyinaa (desktop, laptop, tablet, smartphone) no, screen ahorow wɔ kɔla akwan abiɛsa: kɔkɔɔ, ahabammono, ne bruu (te sɛ cone a ɛwɔ yɛn ani so no ara pɛ). Saa akwan yi na ɛtaa ba, efisɛ nnipa dodow no ara aniwa yɛ adwuma yiye wɔ saa kwan no so. Nanso, nnɛyi screen ahorow no nyɛ papa sɛ ɛbɛkyerɛ kɔla kwan a ɛto so anan, enti ɛnyɛ papa sɛ ɛbɛkyerɛ tetrachromacy.

Kɔla ho sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔyɛ wɔ Intanɛt so nso yɛ nea wontumi mfa wɔn ho nto so. Efisɛ sɛ ɛbɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɛsɛ sɛ monitor/screen a wode redi dwuma no yɛ calibrated yiye paa. Pia a wote mu no kɔla nso betumi aka no.

Nnipa a wɔwɔ tetrachromacy hu ade dɛn?

Nnipa a wɔwɔ Tetrachromacy "a ɛyɛ mmerɛw" no hu kɔla yiye sen nnipa a wɔte ase. Nanso, nnipa a wɔwɔ Tetrachromacy "a emu yɛ den" (wɔfrɛ no yiye "Tetrachromacy") wɔ kɔla ho nkate soronko bi . Anyɛ yiye koraa no, wohu kɔla ahorow a ɛboro onipa biara so mpɛn ɔpehaha pii.

Sɛ wobɛte eyi ase kakra a, susuw nnipa a wɔwɔ dichromacy (cone ahorow abien pɛ) ho. Ɛwom mpo sɛ wɔwɔ cone ahorow abien pɛ de, nanso wotumi hu kɔla ahorow bɛyɛ 10,000. Nnipa te sɛ yɛn a yɛyɛ trichromats (wɔwɔ cone ahorow abiɛsa) tumi hu kɔla ahorow bɛyɛ ɔpepem kosi ɔpepem 10. Ɛno boro dichromats so mpɛn 100 kosi 1000. Afei susuw kɔla pii a obi a ɔwɔ tetrachromacy betumi ahu no ho hwɛ!

Ade foforo a ɛho hia ne sɛ ɔkwan a wofa so hu kɔla no yɛ ``subjective`` . Ɛne sɛ, wuhu kɔla wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ soronko ma wo so, ɛyɛ w’ankasa de. Nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ eyi te saa wɔ nnipa a wonni kɔla anisoadehu mu nsonsonoe biara mpo mu. Ɛno ne ade biako nti a ɛtɔ mmere bi a nkurɔfo adwene nhyia wɔ ade koro no ara kɔla ho (sɛnea ɛtɔ mmere bi a wohu wɔ ``viral`` nsɛm a wɔde gu Intanɛt so mu no).

Enti, wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ wowɔ tetrachromacy?

Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, asɛmmisa yi ho mmuae a ɛyɛ mmerɛw biara nni hɔ. Ɛmfa ho sɛnea intanɛt so sɔhwɛ ahorow hyɛ bɔ no, wontumi mmua asɛmmisa yi. Nea edi kan no, ɛte sɛ nea mmea nkutoo na wobetumi anya `(Tetrachromacy)`. Afei nso, nokware `(Tetrachromacy)` ho yɛ na araa ma nnipa kakraa bi pɛ na wɔasi so dua sɛ wɔanya bi.

Sɛ wususuw sɛ ebia wowɔ Tetrachromacy a, ɔkwan biako pɛ a wobɛfa so asi so dua ne sɛ wo ne nyansahu mu nhwehwɛmufo bɛyɛ sɔhwɛ titiriw bi. Sɛ wuhu sɛ wowɔ Tetrachromacy a emu yɛ den a, wubetumi ahwɛ nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia na woanya kɔla biara, kɔla biara, kɔla biara, wɔ ɔkwan a nnipa dodow no ara nnya anaasɛ wɔnte ase da so.

Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

Okay, enti momma yɛnkae yɛn ho nneɛma a ɛho hia paa wɔ `(Tetrachromacy)` ho a yɛkaa ho asɛm no bi:

• Tetrachromacy yɛ tumi a ɛntaa nsi koraa.Wɔ eyi mu no, obi tumi hu nsonsonoe na ohu kɔla ɔpepem pii sen nnipa a wɔte ase.
• Eyi fi cone foforo (nea ɛto so anan) a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu ne sɛnea amemene no di saa nsɛm no ho dwuma yiye no.
• Wɔtaa hu tebea yi wɔ mmea mu , na awosu mu nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a ɛde ba (a ɛne X chromosome no wɔ abusuabɔ titiriw).
• Intanɛt so sɔhwɛ ntumi nkyerɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ sɛ wowɔ ``Tetrachromacy'' anaa. Mma ɛno nnnaadaa wo.
• Nyansahu mu nhwehwɛmu titiriw ne DNA nhwehwɛmu nkutoo na wobetumi asi nokware tetrachromacy so dua .
• Esiane sɛ eyi ntaa nsi koraa nti, sɛ wususuw sɛ wowɔ kɔla a ɛnteɛ yi a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu.

Kae sɛ yɛn ani yɛ akwaa a ɛyɛ den yiye na ɛyɛ nwonwa. ``Tetrachromacy`` yɛ ne fã biako pɛ. Obiara kɔla anisoadehu betumi ayɛ soronko kakra, na ɛno na ɛma wiase no yɛ fɛ yiye!

` Tetrachromasia, kɔla a wohu, cone nkwammoaa, awosu mu nsakrae, X chromosome, nyarewa a wɔntaa nhu, aniwa a wohu