So wusuro nso sɛ wubenya menewam kokoram? (Throat Cancer) Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm!

So ɛtɔ mmere bi a wo menewam yɛ wo yaw anaa wo nne sesa? Ebetumi ayɛ atiridii anaa biribi foforo. Nanso, sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkɔ so tra hɔ a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛhaw wo ho kakra. Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka menewa mu kokoram ho asɛm. Ɛwom sɛ eyi yɛ asɛmti a ɛyɛ hu de, nanso ɛho hia sɛ wohu.

Dɛn ne menewam kokoram yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, "anom kokoram" yɛ kokoram nkwammoaa a enyin wɔ wo menewam, a wɔfrɛ no aduruyɛ mu sɛ ``pharynx'', anaa wo larynx, a ɛyɛ wo nne adaka no fã. Eyi ntaa mma kakra te sɛ kokoram ahorow afoforo. Nanso, sɛ obi nya saa tebea yi ampa a, mpɛn pii no kokoram akisikuru no ba wɔ menewa no mfinimfini fã, ``oropharynx'', anaa ahurututu no mu.

Mpɛn pii no , menewam kokoram nni sɛnkyerɛnne biara wɔ ne mfiase . Sɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no da adi ampa a, ebetumi ayɛ te sɛ nyarewa a abu so, a emu nyɛ den pii, te sɛ menewa a ɛyɛ yaw anaa aso a ɛyɛ yaw. Eyi nti na nnipa binom twentwɛn wɔn nan ase sɛ wɔbɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn no.

Nanso, sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ wowɔ menewam kokoram, titiriw sɛ ɛtra hɔ boro adapɛn abien a , mmu w’ani ngu so. Wobetumi asa menewam kokoram dodow no ara na wɔasa. Ebi mpo betumi asa koraa. Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ wobehu yare no na wɔasa no yare ntɛm .

So tebea yi ahorow ahorow wɔ hɔ?

Yiw, menewam kokoram ahorow pii wɔ hɔ. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ:

• Oropharyngeal cancer: This forms in the middle part of your throat. Eyi ne menewam kokoram a abu so wɔ aman te sɛ United States mu.
• Ahurututu mu kokoram: Eyi ka wo nne adaka, anaa wo hwene mu. Ebetumi afi ase wɔ ahurututu no atifi (supraglottic cancer), mfinimfini fã a ɛnne nhama no wɔ (glottic cancer), anaa ɔfã a ɛwɔ fam (subglottic cancer).
• Hypopharyngeal cancer: Eyi ba wo menewa fã a ɛwɔ wo menewam ne mframa kwan no atifi.
• Nasopharyngeal cancer: Eyi ba wo menewa fã a ɛwɔ wo hwene akyi no.

Dɛn ne menewam kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Mpɛn pii no, menewam kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ayɛ te sɛ nea ɛwɔ tebea afoforo a emu nyɛ den pii te sɛ atiridii anaasɛ akisikuru. Mpɛn pii no, nyarewa nketenkete a ɛtete saa ho sɛnkyerɛnne brɛ ase wɔ nna kakraa bi mu. Nanso, sɛ wɔansa a, menewam kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne no bɛsɛe kɛse, na ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛbɛkɔ anim .

Eyinom ne sɛnkyerɛnne ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya menewam kokoram:

• Menewa a ɛyɛ yaw (te sɛ menewa a ɛyɛ yaw) .
• Aso mu yaw (ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ aso mu yaw) .
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛmene anaasɛ ɛyaw bere a ɔremene no
• Akuru a ɛwɔ kɔn, menewa, anaa ano akyi
• Ɛnne a ɛsakra, te sɛ nea ɛyɛ dede
• Ɔfe a ɛkɔ so anaasɛ mogya a ɔfe
• Mu duru a ɛso tew (mpɛn pii no esiane adidi ne mene a ɛyɛ den nti) .

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bɛboro adapɛn abien a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn kɔka ho asɛm. Afei wobetumi ahu nea ɛhaw wo ankasa.

Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya kokoram wɔ menewam?

Menewam kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan no gu ahorow gyina baabi a kokoram no wɔ so . Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia anom kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan no bi ne kɔn mu akisikuru, aso a ɛyɛ yaw, ne ɛyaw a ɛba bere a ɔremene no. Ahurututu mu kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan a ɛtaa ba ne sɛ obi yɛ den bere nyinaa.

Mpɛn pii no, menewam kokoram nkyerɛ sɛnkyerɛnne biara wɔ ne mfiase. Edu bere a wubefi ase ahu nsakrae no, ebia na kokoram no akɔ anim dedaw. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn sɛ wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no ankɔ yiye wɔ adapɛn abien kosi abiɛsa ntam a.

Dɛn na ɛde menewam kokoram ba?

Menewam kokoram ba bere a nsakrae ba awosu mu nkwaadɔm (awosu mu nsakrae) mu wɔ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ wo menewam no mu no. Saa awosu mu nsakrae yi ma nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw fi ase nyin na ɛbɛyɛ kokoram nkwammoaa. Sɛ wɔansa saa kokoram nkwammoaa yi yare a, ebetumi atrɛw akɔ wo nipadua no afã afoforo. Nhwehwɛmufo da so ara rebɔ mmɔden sɛ wobehu nea ɛde nsakrae yi ba.

Nneɛma a Ɛde Asiane Ba

Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya menewam kokoram no yɛ kɛse. Momma yɛnhwɛ wɔn nso.

• Sigaretnom anaa tawa afoforo a wɔde di dwuma: Asiane titiriw ne kɛse a ɛma obi nya menewam kokoram ne tawa a wɔnom .
• HPV yareɛ: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) yɛ mmoawa a wotumi nam anom nna so nya. Wɔ aman a wɔanya nkɔso mu no, HPV ne ade titiriw a ɛde menewam kokoram foforo dodow no ara ba.
• Nsã a wɔnom boro so: Nhwehwɛmufo ahu sɛ menewam kokoram binom ne nsa a wɔnom no wɔ abusuabɔ. Asiane no yɛ kɛse mpo sɛ wonom tawa nso a.
• Epstein-Barr mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba: Saa mmoawa yi a ɛde mononucleosis (mono) ba no nso betumi ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya menewam kokoram no ayɛ kɛse. (Ɛda adi sɛ ɛbɛka anom kokoram kɛse.)
• ‍‍ : `(asbestos)`, , `(formaldehyde)` `(carcinogens)` .
• Nnuan bi a wodi pii anaa kakraa bi: Nam a wɔakora so pii a wodi ne nhabannuru ne nnuaba a wonnni sɛnea ɛsɛ nso ma asiane no yɛ kɛse.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi atew asiane no so?

Ɛwom sɛ ɔkwan biara nni hɔ a wobɛfa so asiw menewam kokoram ano koraa de, nanso nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ de atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no so:

• Mfa sigaret anaa tawa nneɛma foforo biara nni dwuma. (Sɛ wonom sigaret a, bisa wo duruyɛfo ma ɔmmoa wo mma wogyae.)
• Nya HPV aduru no.
• Kwati nsa koraa anaa nom no sɛnea ɛsɛ.
• Di aduan a nhabannuru, nnuaba, ne aburow a wɔayam pii wom, te sɛ Mediterranea nnuan.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu saa tebea yi?

Nnuruyɛfo de nhwehwɛmu ahorow pii di dwuma de hu menewam kokoram. Ebi ne:

• Nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu: Wo duruyɛfo bɛhwehwɛ menewam kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ akisikuru a ɛwɔ wo kɔn mu, na obebisa wo suban ahorow a ɛma asiane no yɛ kɛse te sɛ sigaretnom ho asɛm.
• Nhwehwɛmu a wɔde endoscope di dwuma: Ebia wo duruyɛfo de afiri ketewaa bi a wɔde mfoninitwa afiri ahyɛ mu a wɔfrɛ no scope ahyɛ wo menewam de ahwɛ sɛ ebia wo menewam kokoram anaa. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ endoscopy. Sɛ wɔhwehwɛ ahurututu no mu a, wɔfrɛ no ahurututu mu nhwehwɛmu.
• Biopsy: Bere a wɔreyɛ endoscopy no, oduruyɛfo no betumi afa ntini bi a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ de akɔma afiri a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu akɔhwɛ sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa wɔ hɔ anaa. Biopsy nkutoo ne ɔkwan a wobɛfa so ahu no yiye sɛ wowɔ menewam kokoram anaa.
• Mfoniniyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu: CT scan ne MRI betumi akyerɛ sɛ wowɔ kokoram wɔ wo menewa ne wo menewam. PET scan nso betumi ahu sɛ kokoram no atrɛw akɔ akyiri sen menewa no anaa.

Kokoram a wɔde di dwuma wɔ tebea horow mu

Kokoram a wɔde si hɔ no ma nnuruyɛfo tumi hu baabi a menewam kokoram anyin na atrɛw akodu. Eyi yɛ ade a ɛho hia yiye wɔ yare no a wohu no mu. Ɔkwan a wɔfa so bɔ saa mmere yi din no gu ahorow a egyina kokoram ko so. Wɔtaa kyekyɛ menewam kokoram mu sɛ ɔfa I (baako) - nea ennya nkɔso kɛse - kosi ɔfã IV (anan) - nea ɛkɔ anim na ɛtrɛw sen biara.

Sɛ nhwɛso no, Stage I menewa mu kokoram kyerɛ sɛ akisikuru no sua na ɛntrɛw nkɔ ntini a ɛma mogya tu anaa ntini afoforo mu. Ebia kokoram a ɛto so IV no atrɛw (atrɛw) akɔ mmeae afoforo.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa menewam kokoram?

Nnuruyɛfo fa akwan horow so sa menewam kokoram. Sɛ woyɛ obi a ɔnom sigaret a, ebia wobetu wo fo sɛ gyae sigaretnom ansa na woafi ase ayɛ kokoram ayaresa. Eyi bɛma ayaresa no ayɛ yiye na asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ebefi mu aba no so atew.

Sɛɛgyiri

Oprehyɛn botae titiriw ne sɛ wobeyi kokoram pii afi hɔ sɛnea wubetumi bere a wokora tumi a wode bɛhome, kasa, na woamene no so no. Wo duruyɛfo betumi ayi akuru nketenkete bere a ɔrefa ntini a wɔde bɛyɛ biopsy no. Sɛ wopɛ akuru akɛse a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wotwa wo laryngectomy, anaasɛ wɔyɛ oprehyɛn a wobue mu de yi wo nne adaka no fã bi anaa ne nyinaa. Ebia ɛho behia nso sɛ wotwa wo kɔn mu na wɔayi ntini a ɛma kokoram nkwammoaa atrɛw no afi hɔ.

Mframa a wɔde sa yare

Aduru a wɔtaa de sa menewam kokoram ne mframa a wɔde sa yare, a wɔde afiri bi soma ahoɔden a ɛwɔ ahoɔden kɛse ma ekum kokoram nkwammoaa. Ebia eyi bɛdɔɔso ama akisikuru nketewa a ɛntrɛwee. Anaasɛ, wobetumi de mframa a wɔde sa yare aka ayaresa afoforo te sɛ oprehyɛn anaa nnuru a wɔde sa yare ho.

Nnuru a wɔde sa yare

Nnuru a wɔde sa yare no de nnuru kum kokoram nkwammoaa. Nnuruyɛfo taa de nnuru a wɔde sa yare ne mframa a wɔde sa yare bom di dwuma de sa menewam kokoram. Wɔde nnuru a wɔde sa yare di dwuma de tew akisikuru so ansa na wɔayɛ oprehyɛn na wɔakum kokoram nkwammoaa biara a aka wɔ oprehyɛn akyi.

Ayaresa a wɔde wɔn ani asi so ne nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa

Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo ayaresa a wɔde wɔn ani asi so anaasɛ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa, a wɔntaa mfa nni dwuma mma menewam kokoram no akyerɛ wo. Ayaresa ahorow a wɔde wɔn ani asi so no yɛ adwuma denam protein ahorow a kokoram nkwammoaa de di dwuma ma enyin no a wosiw ano no so. Nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ adwuma denam w’ankasa nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛma ɛyɛ adwuma de ko tia kokoram no so.

Wɔtaa kamfo saa ayaresa yi kyerɛ wɔ menewam kokoram a akɔ anim ne kokoram a ɛsan ba bio wɔ ayaresa akyi.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wowɔ ti anaa wo kɔn ho sɛnkyerɛnne a wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu a ɛnkɔ yiye wɔ adapɛn kakraa bi akyi a, yɛ nhyehyɛe kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Mma wo ho nnpopo, nsusuw sɛ ɛyɛ kokoram. Nanso mfa wo ho nhyɛ wo ho. Ka nea worehyia no ho asɛm kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo.

Sɛ mewɔ menewam kokoram a, dɛn na metumi ahwɛ kwan?

Nea ebefi mu aba, anaa nea ɛbɛba daakye no gyina nneɛma pii a ɛyɛ soronko ma wo so. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a nnuruyɛfo tumi sa menewam kokoram a ɛntrɛw nkɔ ntini anaa ntini a ɛbɛn hɔ mu no. Nanso, kokoram a atrɛw no yɛ den kɛse sɛ wɔbɛsa. Ɛda adi nso sɛ wɔbɛsan aba bere a wɔasa wɔn yare awie no.

W’akwahosan nyinaa, baabi a kokoram akisikuru no wɔ, ne sɛ ebia woanya HPV nso ho hia. Ɛte sɛ nea menewam kokoram a ɛbata HPV ho no yɛ wɔn ade yiye wɔ ayaresa ho sen ahorow afoforo.

Nkwa dodow ahe na obi nya wɔ menewam kokoram mu?

Nnipa dodow a wonya kokoram no kyerɛ nnipa dodow a wɔte ase wɔ mfe anum akyi bere a wɔahu sɛ wɔanya bi no. Wɔ menewam kokoram fam no, ɛsono sɛnea wotumi tra ase, na egyina kokoram no su, beae a ɛwɔ, ne faako a ɛkɔ so no so.

Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnipa 10 biara mu bɛyɛ 7 a wɔwɔ ano anaa menewam kokoram bɛtra ase mfe anum wɔ bere a wɔahu sɛ wɔanya kokoram no akyi. Nanso, sɛ kokoram no ntrɛwee a, saa dodow no so tew kodu bɛyɛ 8 anaa 9 wɔ 10. Nokwarem no, akontaabu ahorow yi yɛ nea ɛfa nnipa dodow no ara ho. Wɔnkyerɛ nneɛma pɔtee bi a ɛfa wo yare no ho.

Wo duruyɛfo nim sɛnea akontaabu ahorow yi bɛka wo no yiye sen obiara. Bisa no sɛnea wo yare no bɛka wo nkwa nna.

So biribi wɔ hɔ a metumi ayɛ na ama me ho atɔ me?

Sɛ wɔresa wo menewam kokoram a, ebia wubehia mmoa a wode adi nea ebefi mu aba bere tenten no ho dwuma. Mframa a wɔde sa yare ne oprehyɛn nyinaa betumi aka sɛnea wutumi mene, kasa, na wote asɛm no. Ebia kasa ne kasa mu ɔyare ho ɔbenfo a wobɛsan asiesie wo ho no ho hia na ama wo ho atɔ wo. Sɛ wohaw wo ho wɔ wo honam ani hwɛbea ho wɔ oprehyɛn akyi a, ebia ebehia sɛ wɔyɛ wo oprehyɛn a ɛbɛma woasan asiesie wo ho.

Ebia wo duruyɛfo nso bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa nnuru a ɛma obi ho dwo no bɛboa wo ma woadi ayaresa no mu nsunsuanso bɔne ho dwuma. Nea ɛnte sɛ ayaresabea a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔyare no, ɔhwɛ a ɛma obi ho dwo yɛ adwuma a wubetumi anya ɛmfa ho sɛnea wo kokoram no te anaasɛ wo nkɔmhyɛ.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Mpɛn pii no, wotumi hu menewam kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne wɔ tebea afoforo te sɛ atiridiinini, ɔyare mmoawa, ne akisikuru mu. Enti, sɛ mpofirim ara wo nne yɛ den na wuntumi nhu nea enti a, mma wo ho nnpopo. Nanso, sɛ tebea no ankɔ yiye wɔ dapɛn biako anaa abien mu a, bere aso sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Saa bere yi de, wubetumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya menewam kokoram no so kɛse denam tawa a wobɛkwati na woayɛ nneɛma bi de asiw HPV yare ano no so. Ahwɛyiye a wobɛyɛ mprempren no betumi abɔ wo ho ban na woanya menewam kokoram akyiri yi.

` Menewa mu kokoram, kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne, HPV, sigaretnom, ahurututu mu kokoram, kokoram ayaresa, aduruyɛ mu afotu