So wo ba no wɔ saa suban ahorow yi? Momma yɛnka tics ne tic disorders ho asɛm!

So ɛtɔ mmere bi a wo ba kumaa no bɔ n’ani bere nyinaa? Anaasɛ wɔbɛtwe wɔn mmati? Ebia wobɛma nnyigyei bi a ɛbɛma wo menewa mu tew kɛkɛ? Sɛ́ ɛna anaa agya no, ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wo ho yeraw wo kakra na ehu ka wo bere a wuhu nneɛma a ɛte sɛɛ no. Eyinom ne nea yɛfrɛ no tics . Eyinom nyɛ nneɛma a wohyɛ da yɛ, ɛba ara kwa. Biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro, momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm kɔ akyiri na ɛnyɛ den.

Dɛn ne Tics? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, tics yɛ kankyee anaa nnyigyei a ɛba mpofirim ntɛmntɛm a ɛba wo nipadua mu a wompɛ na ɛba mpɛn pii. Wɔn a wontumi nni wɔn so. Ebetumi ayɛ nneɛma te sɛ w'ani a wobɛbɔ, wo mmati a wobɛbɔ, anaasɛ "hum" nnyigyei a wobɛma wɔ wo menewam kɛkɛ. Wobetumi aba wo nipadua so baabiara – w’anim, wo mmati, wo nsa, wo nan. Ɛtɔ da bi a, saa tics yi tumi sesa bere ne bere mu.

Mpɛn pii no, obi a ɔte nka sɛ ne ho nyɛ no dɛ anaasɛ ɔpɛ sɛ ɔyɛ biribi di tic anim. Nnipa binom tumi siw tic no ano kakra, nanso ɛnyɛ dɛ koraa. Mpɛn pii no, ɔhaw no fi hɔ bere a tic no aba awiei no.

Saa tics yi taa ba mmofra so, titiriw bere a wɔadi mfe 5 kosi 10. Mpɛn pii no, ɛnyɛ aniberesɛm na bere kɔ so no, ebetumi atew anaasɛ ebegyae koraa. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa tics yi betumi ayɛ tic yare a emu yɛ den kɛse a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsa ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Nkwammoaa ahorow bɛn na ɛwɔ hɔ?

Yɛkyekyɛ tics mu akuw atitiriw abien: Motor tics, a ɛfa nipadua no kankan ho, ne Vocal tics, a ɛfa nne no ho. Wɔakyekyɛ eyinom abien nyinaa mu bio ayɛ no "simple" ne "complex."

Mpɛn pii no, motor tics di kan pue, na ɛno akyi no, kasa mu tics. Afei nso, tics a ɛnyɛ den pue ansa na tics a ɛyɛ den aba.

Motor Tics a Ɛnyɛ Den

Eyinom yɛ kankyee ntiantiaa paa, mpofirim a ntini akuw biako anaa kakraa bi pɛ na ɛka ho.

• Aniwa a ɛkeka ne ho te sɛ aniwa a ɛtaa twitwiw ne aniwa a ɛbɔ
• Sɛ obi bɛyɛ anim a ɛyɛ akisikuru, sɛ ɔbɛma ne ho ayɛ ɔkwasea
• Mmati so atuu
• Ti anaa mmati a ɛwosow

Vocal Tics a Ɛnyɛ Den

Eyinom nso yɛ nnyigyei ntiantiaa a ɛba mpofirim.

• Menewa a wɔtaa tew
• Dede a wobɛyɛ te sɛ hwene a wobɛbɔ
• Nnyigyei a wɔreyɛ te sɛ ɔkraman a ɔrebobom
• Nnyigyei ntiantiaa te sɛ "hum", "ah".

Motor Tics a Ɛyɛ Den

Eyinom yɛ kankyee nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔahyehyɛ no kakra, a ɛka bom a ɛfa ntini ahorow pii a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu a ɛyɛ adwuma bere koro mu ho.

• Kankyee a ɛfa ho, te sɛ mmati a wobɛkyere na woadan ti bere a woreyɛ anim no.
• Sɛ wode wo nsa bɛka ade bi na woahwehwɛ mu, wode wo nsa bɛka (e.g., wode wo nsa bɛka pon bi ntwea so, wode wo nsa bɛka nhoma bi).
• Huruw, ahuruhuruw kɔ soro.
• Bending, twitwiw.

Nnyigyei a Ɛyɛ Den

Eyinom yɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra sen nnyigyei ara kwa, na ebetumi ayɛ nsɛmfua anaa nsɛmfua.

• Nsɛmfua anaa nsɛmfua a wɔaka no mpɛn pii.
• Nsɛmfua anaa nsɛmfua a afoforo ka sɛnea wɔka no pɛpɛɛpɛ (yɛfrɛ eyi Echolalia ).
• Kasa a ɛmfata, kasafĩ, anaa kasafĩ a wɔde di dwuma (yɛfrɛ eyi Coprolalia ). Eyi nyɛ biribi a abofra no hyɛ da yɛ, na mmom ɛyɛ biribi a ɛkɔ so a wontumi nni so.

Enti, dɛn ne tic disorders?

Tic Disorders yɛ tebea horow kuw bi a ɛka ntini ahorow. Wɔn na ɛma obi nya tics. Saa tics yi ne ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛbata ho no betumi afi nea emu nyɛ den so kosi nea emu yɛ den so . Mpɛn pii no, tics nyɛ den na enhia ayaresa. Wɔtaa kɔ bere a mmofra nyin no. Nanso, wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, ayaresa ho hia na ama wɔatumi asiw tics ne akwahosan ho haw afoforo a ɛka ho no so.

Dɛn ne tic yare ahorow atitiriw?

Tic yare ahorow atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛwɔ hɔ. Eyinom gu ahorow gyina tics ko a ɛwɔ hɔ (motor, kasa, anaa n’abien nyinaa) ne bere tenten a sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no di so.

1. Bere Tiaa mu Tic Yare / Bere Tiaa mu Tic Yare:

• Saa nkurɔfo yi anya motor tics anaa verbal tics (baako anaa abien no nyinaa) nnu afe biako .
• Eyi ne tic disorder a ɛtaa ba, ɛka mmofra bɛyɛ 10% wɔ wɔn sukuu mfe a edi kan mu.
• Sɛnea Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) , akwankyerɛ bi a nnuruyɛfo de hwehwɛ adwenemhaw kyerɛ no, sɛ:
• Ɛsɛ sɛ motor tics biako anaa nea ɛboro saa, anaasɛ kasa mu tics biako anaa nea ɛboro saa wɔ hɔ.
• Nwansena ntumi ntra hɔ bɛboro afe biako.
• Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ na tics fii ase ansa na wadi mfe 18.
• Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi ntumi mfi aduruyɛ mu tebea foforo mu (e.g., amemene mu yare) anaa nnuru anaa nnuru a wɔnom.
• Ebetumi aba nso sɛ woanya tic diagnosis foforo.

2. Tic Disorder a Ɛkɔ So / Nea Enni Sabea:

• Saa nkurɔfo yi anya motor tics anaa verbal tics (ɛnyɛ abien no nyinaa bere koro mu, ɔkwan biako pɛ) bɛboro afe biako ni .
• Wohu saa tebea yi wɔ mmofra a wɔadu sukuu mfe a ennu 1% mu.
• Sɛnea (DSM-5) kyerɛ no, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobehu yare yi:
• Ɛsɛ sɛ motor tics biako anaa nea ɛboro saa wɔ hɔ, anaasɛ kasa mu tics biako anaa nea ɛboro saa (ɛnyɛ abien no nyinaa).
• Ɛsɛ sɛ akisikuru ba mpɛn pii da biara, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ da biara, anaasɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a, bɛboro asram 12.
• Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ na tics fii ase ansa na wadi mfe 18.
• Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi ntumi mfi aduruyɛ mu tebea foforo anaa nnuru anaa nnuru a wɔnom mu.
• Ɛrentumi nyɛ yiye sɛ wobehu sɛ ɔwɔ Tourette Syndrome.

3. Tourette Nyarewa:

• Saa nkurɔfo yi anya motor tics ne verbal tics (ahorow abien no nyinaa) bɛboro afe biako ni.Wɔ.
• Wobu eyi sɛ ɛyɛ yare a ntontom de ba a emu yɛ den sen biara .
• Sɛnea (DSM-5) kyerɛ no, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobehu yare yi:
• Ɛsɛ sɛ motor tics abien anaa nea ɛboro saa ne anyɛ yiye koraa no asɛmfua tic biako (enhia sɛ eyinom wɔ hɔ bere koro mu).
• Anyɛ yiye koraa no, ɛsɛ sɛ tics wɔ hɔ afe biako. Eyinom betumi aba mpɛn pii da biara (mpɛn pii no wɔ akisikuru nketenkete a ɛkɔ so), ɛkame ayɛ sɛ da biara, anaasɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a.
• Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ na tics fii ase ansa na wadi mfe 18.
• Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi ntumi mfi aduruyɛ mu tebea foforo anaa nnuru anaa nnuru a wɔnom mu.

Tic yare abu so dɛn?

Tic yare abu so ankasa sen sɛnea ebia wubesusuw. Nhwehwɛmufo bu akontaa sɛ mmofra 50 biara mu biako betumi anya Tourette Syndrome anaasɛ tic yare foforo .

Sɛ wo nya tic a, wote nka dɛn?

Ansa na tic bɛba no, ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wopɛ sɛ woyɛ saa. Te sɛ ɔpɛ a wowɔ sɛ wobɛtwetwe baabi a ɛyɛ wo yaw, anaasɛ atenka a ɛte sɛ nea worebɔ wo kɔn mu. Nhyɛso bi sɔre wɔ nipadua no fã a tic no rebɛba no mu, na sɛ tic no ba a, saa nhyɛso no fi hɔ bere tiaa bi na wote ahotɔ nka.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wobetumi adi tic no so sikani kakraa bi kosi simma kakraa bi, nanso egye mmɔdenbɔ kɛse. Awiei koraa no, ɔpɛ no bɛyɛ nea wontumi nnyina ano.

Ɛyɛ den titiriw sɛ wobedi tic so bere a adwennwen pii wɔ hɔ no . Nneɛma te sɛ adwennwen ne ɔbrɛ betumi ama tics ayɛ kɛse. Nea ɛyɛ nwonwa no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a tics kɔ soro bere a nipadua no adwo anaa bere a wo nkutoo na wowɔ hɔ no. Sɛ obi ka tic no ho asɛm anaa ɔtwe adwene si so a, tics no nso betumi ayɛ kɛse. Nanso, mpɛn pii no, tics mma bere a wɔada . Afei nso, tics betumi atew bere a wode w’adwene asi biribi so (e.g. sukuu adwuma, adwuma foforo).

So tics ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a epira na anibere wom?

Yiw, tics bi betumi apira obi. Sɛ nhwɛso no, motor tics bi betumi ama woabɔ w’anim anaasɛ ama wo kɔn ayɛ wo yaw denam wo kɔn a wobɛwosow mpɛn pii no so.

Coprolalia , a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no yɛ nsɛmfua ne nsɛmfua a ɛmfata a wɔka no ara kwa, na ebetumi nso ayɛ ɔhaw kɛse. Eyi betumi ama abofra no ayɛ te sɛ nea wɔhyɛ da rehaw afoforo anaasɛ wɔreyɛ wɔn ade bɔne. Nanso nokwarem no, ɛyɛ akɔnnɔ a wontumi nni so. Wobetumi atwe mmofra a wɔwɔ coprolalia aso a ɛho nhia wɔ sukuu ne fie, na mmofra afoforo betumi asisi wɔn . Coprolalia betumi aka mmofra a wɔwɔ Tourette syndrome no mu 10% kosi 15%.

Dɛn na ɛde tics ba?

Nhwehwɛmufo da so ara ntumi nhu nea ɛde tics ba ankasa .Aane. Nanso nyansahufo binom gye di sɛ nsakrae a ɛba amemene no afã horow a ɛhwɛ kankyee so no na ɛde eyinom ba. Afei nso, esiane sɛ wobetumi de tics afi awo ntoatoaso so akɔ awo ntoatoaso so (mmusua a wɔwom) nti, wosusuw sɛ ebia awosu mu abusuabɔ bi wɔ hɔ .

Tebea afoforo bi a wobetumi ahu aka nyarewa a ntontom de ba ho ne:

• Adwene a Ɛyɛ Den/Adeyɛ a Ɛyɛ Den (ADHD) .
• Adwennwene Ho Ɔyare
• Ɔyare a ɛma obi yɛ ade tra so (OCD) .

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nnipa a wɔwɔ akwahosan ho tebea afoforo te sɛ Huntington yare anaa amemene mu yare (amemene mu ɔyare mmoawa) nso betumi anya tics anaasɛ ntini a ɛte sɛ tic. Tics nso betumi aba bere a wɔde nnubɔne te sɛ cocaine anaa amphetamines adi dwuma awie no . Nanso, wommu tics a tebea afoforo anaa nnuru yi de ba no sɛ tic yare.

Dɛn ne asiane ahorow a ɛde tebea yi ba?

Tics abu so kɛse wɔ mmofraase, titiriw mmofraase . Mmofra betumi anya tics bere a wɔadi mfe 4 pɛ. Nanso, tebea no taa ba bere a wɔadi mfe 5 kosi 10. Afei nso, mmarimaa taa nya tics sen mmeawa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ obi anya tic disorders?

Wo ba no akwahosan ho ɔyaresafo bɛhwehwɛ wo ba no mu na watie wɔn yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne yiye. Sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye a, twa video biako anaa abien a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo ba no anya tic . Eyi bɛboa oduruyɛfo no ma wahu nea wo ba no refa mu no pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Oduruyɛfo no betumi agyina tics ko ne bere tenten a ɛwɔ hɔ so ahu sɛ ebia abofra no wɔ tic yare anaa. Ebia oduruyɛfo no nso bɛpɛ sɛ ɔhwɛ sɛ ebia tebea afoforo a ebetumi aka tics ho te sɛ ADHD anaa OCD .

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa tic disorders?

Ayaresa no gyina abofra no tebea ko ne sɛnea emu yɛ den so. Sɛ abofra no tebea no nyɛ den a, ebia ɛho renhia sɛ wɔsa no yare . Ebia tics nso bɛkɔ wɔ n’ankasa so. Afotu a ɛnyɛ den a wɔde bɛboa wɔn ho, te sɛ adwennwen ne ɔbrɛ a wɔbɛkwati no betumi aboa mmofra pii.

Nanso, sɛ wo ba no tics no mu yɛ den na esiw da biara da asetra kwan a , oduruyɛfo no betumi akamfo suban ho ayaresa , nnuru , anaa n’abien nyinaa akyerɛ.

Suban Ho Ayaresa

Sua a Wɔdannan Ho NteteeƐdenam suban ho ayaresa so no, wɔkyerɛkyerɛ abofra no ma odi wɔn yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dwuma na osua sɛnea wɔyɛ wɔn ade a ɛne wɔn ho wɔn ho di asi de besi tic no ananmu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ abofra no tic no rebɔ ne mmati a, ɔyaresafo no betumi ayɛ ne ho sɛ ɔbɛtrɛw abofra no nsa mu kosi sɛ ɔpɛ a ɔwɔ sɛ ɔbɛbɔ ne mmati no ano abrɛ ase.

Ayaresa foforo ne Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) . Saa ayaresa yi boa mmofra a wɔanyinyin ma wodi wɔn tics so. Ɛfa ntetee a wɔde dannan su, tics ho nkyerɛkyerɛ, ne akwan a wɔfa so gye wɔn ahome ho.

Bere a abofra no adwenemyare ho oduruyɛfo de suban ho ayaresa rema no, obetumi nso atu wo fo wɔ sɛnea wobɛboa abofra no sɛ abusua na wahwɛ ahu sɛ abofra no renya nhomasua mmoa a wohia no ho.

Nnuru a wɔde ma

Sɛ tics kɔ so na ɛtwetwe abofra nkwa a, nnuru a wɔde sa tics betumi aboa.

Wɔ tics nketenkete ho: Nnuru te sɛ clonidine ne guanfacine betumi aboa. Wɔde nnuru yi nso sa ADHD ne dadwen, efisɛ tebea horow yi betumi ne tics atra faako.

Sɛ wopɛ tics a emu yɛ den kɛse a: Nnuru a ɛma ntini mu yare , te sɛ aripiprazole ne olanzapine betumi ayɛ nea etu mpɔn. Saa nnuru yi yɛ adwuma denam ntini mu nkwaadɔm a ɛhwɛ nipadua no kankan so no nkɛntɛnso a ɛsakra no so.

Bere tenten ahe na tics betumi atra hɔ?

Mpɛn pii no, bere kɔ so no, tics yɛ yiye na ebetumi mpo agyae koraa. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebia tic bɛtra hɔ asram kakraa bi pɛ, nanso mpɛn pii no ɛba na ɛkɔ mfe pii.

Tics mu yɛ den kɛse bere a wɔadi mfe 8 kosi 17. Mpɛn pii no, tics so tew na ɛyera ankasa bere a wɔadi mfe 8 akyi.

So wobetumi asiw tics ano?

Nyansahufo da so ara ntumi nhu nea enti a nnipa binom nya tics na afoforo nnya bi, enti wontumi nsiw ano .

Sɛ me ba no wɔ tics a, mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ no?

Sɛ wo ba no wɔ tics nketenkete a, afotu a ɛnyɛ den yi betumi aboa:

• Kwati dadwen ne adwennwen: Hwehwɛ dwumadi bi a wo ba no ani gye ho na n’ani gye ho sɛ ɔbɛyɛ. Sɛ nhwɛso no, agoru bi anaa anigyede bi. Tics betumi ayɛ kɛse bere a wo ba no te adwennwen anaa dadwen nka no. Sɛ wo ba no de ne ho hyɛ dwumadi bi mu a, ɔde ne ho bɛhyɛ mu kɛse na ɔrenhaw no pii.
• Kwati ɔbrɛ: Tics betumi ayɛ kɛse bere a abofra no brɛ kɛse no.Hwɛ sɛ wobɛda yiye anadwo anaa.
• Bɔ mmɔden sɛ wubebu w’ani agu wo ba no tics so: Mfa w’adwene nsi wo ba no tics so a ɛho nhia. Wɔn ho asɛm a wobɛka na woasusuw wɔn ho no betumi ama tics no ayɛ kɛse.
• Mma ntwe aso: Nteɛteɛm nkyerɛ wo ba bere a ɔreyɛ tics anaasɛ ka kyerɛ no sɛ onnyae no. Eyi yɛ biribi a ɔrentumi nyɛ ho hwee. Sɛ wo bo fuw anaasɛ wobɛbɔ no sobo a, ɛrenni ɔhaw no ho dwuma.
• Akyekye abofra no werɛ na hyɛ no nkuran: Ma abofra no nte ase sɛ biribiara ye na tics nyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ aniwu. Ma wɔnte nka sɛ wo ne wɔn wɔ hɔ.
• Di kan ka afoforo amanneɛ: Di kan ka wo ba no tics ho asɛm kyerɛ wo nnamfo ne w’abusuafo. Saa kwan yi so no, wobehu na wɔrenbɔ hu anaasɛ wɔrenyɛ wɔn ade dodo bere a tic aba no.
• Wo ne wo ba sukuu yɛ adwuma: Ma wo ba no akyerɛkyerɛfo ne sukuu adwumayɛfo afoforo nhu wo ba no tics ho asɛm. Sɛ wo ba no tics de ɔhaw ahorow reba sukuu mu a, wo ne no nyɛ adwuma hwehwɛ ano aduru. Ebia wo ba behia baabi a ɛyɛ soronko anaa bere foforo wɔ sɔhwɛ ahorow mu.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mede me ba no kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Tics binom nyɛ aniberesɛm. Sɛ wo ba no tics yɛ ketewaa bi na ɔhaw biara nni ho a, ebia ɛho renhia sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Ebia tics no ankasa befi hɔ. Nanso, sɛ wo ba no tics ho asɛm haw wo, anaasɛ tics no te sɛ eyinom a, yɛ nhyehyɛe kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn:

• Sɛ ɛba bere nyinaa, anaasɛ sɛ ɛyɛ kɛse anaasɛ ɛtaa ba a.
• Sɛ ɛde asetra anaa nkate mu haw ahorow ba (e.g. ayayade a efi mmofra afoforo hɔ, aniwu).
• Sɛ ɛde ɛyaw anaa ɔhaw ba a .
• Sɛ ɛtwetwe sukuu dwumadi anaa da biara da dwumadi afoforo a.
• Sɛ ɛde abufuw, adwenemhaw, anaa adwene a ɛne sɛ obepira ne ho na ɛba a.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me ba oduruyɛfo?

Sɛ wo ba no wɔ tics a, wubetumi abisa oduruyɛfo no nsɛm te sɛ eyinom:

• So me ba no tics yɛ nketenkete anaasɛ aniberesɛm kɛse?
• So me ba no wɔ tic disorder?
• Sɛ saa a, yare bɛn na ntontom de ba na me ba no wɔ?
• Ayaresa ahorow bɛn na wokamfo kyerɛ?
• So nwansena yi ankasa bɛkɔ?
• Ɔkwan bɛn so na saa tebea yi betumi aka me ba no adesua ne ɔne afoforo ntam abusuabɔ? Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ wɔ ho?

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte dadwen, adwennwen, ne ehu nka bere a wo ba no anya tic no. Nanso, bere a tics betumi ayɛ hu de, nanso mpɛn pii no ɛnyɛ aniberesɛm . Nokwarem no, mpɛn pii no, tics nketenkete no ankasa kɔ.

Nea ɛho hia paa ne sɛ wo ba no benya wo dɔ, wo ntease, ne wo mmoa.Ma abofra no nte ase sɛ ɛnyɛ ɔno nkutoo, na eyi nyɛ ne mfomso.

Nanso, sɛ wo ba no tics taa ba, emu yɛ den, anaasɛ ɛtwetwe da biara da dwumadi anaa sukuu dwumadi a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara. Oduruyɛfo no betumi ahwɛ wo ba no tics no yiye na wahu ayaresa a eye sen biara, sɛ ɛwɔ hɔ a. Nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ ɛnyɛ sɛ wobɛbɔ hu, na mmom sɛ wubenya nsɛm a edi mu ne aduruyɛ ho afotu.

` Tics, tic yare, ntini mu nyarewa, suban ho ayaresa, Tourette syndrome, mmofra adwenemyare, kankyee mu haw