So woate nka pɛn sɛ mpofirim ara woahwere wo nipadua no fã biako so tumi, woankasa yiye, anaasɛ woahwere w’ani so bere tiaa bi, nanso ne nyinaa san bae wɔ simma kakraa bi mu? Sɛ wonya osuahu te sɛ eyi a, nnipa pii susuw sɛ, "Oh... ɛbɛyɛ sɛ na ɛyɛ ɔbrɛ." Nanso eyi nyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wubu no adewa da. Eyi betumi ayɛ kɔkɔbɔ sɛnkyerɛnne, ade a asiane wom a edi akisikuru a emu yɛ den a ebetumi aka w’asetra anim. Ɛnnɛ, yɛrebɛka tebea yi a nnipa pii bu wɔn ani gu so, nanso ɛho hia kɛse no ho asɛm. Ɛno ne TIA, anaasɛ Transient Ischemic Attack.
Dɛn ankasa ne TIA?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) yɛ bere tiaa mu obubuafo. Yɛn amemene mu nkwammoaa hia oxygen ne aduannuru na ama ayɛ adwuma. Wonya eyinom fi mogya no mu. Sɛ mogya ntini bi a ɛde mogya kɔ amemene no fã bi siw bere tiaa bi a, saa fã no nnya mogya. Yɛfrɛ eyi `(Ischemia)`. Saa bere yi de, nipadua no dwumadi a saa amemene no fã no di so no gyae kakra. Nanso, wɔ TIA mu no, mogya ntini yi a esiw no yɛ bere tiaa mu de . Wɔ simma kakraa bi anaa nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi mu no, nea asiw kwan no fi hɔ ara kwa, na mogya san kɔ amemene no mu. Nsɛnkyerɛnne no nso yera.
Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ TIA te sɛ ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase ara pɛ na egye ayaresa ntɛm ara. Efisɛ sɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne fi ase a, obiara ntumi nhu sɛ ebia eyi yɛ TIA a ɛbɛsa wɔ simma kakraa bi mu anaasɛ ɔyare kɛse bi a ɛbɛka w’asetra. Enti nsɛe simma biako mpo.
So edin "Mini-Stroke" no yɛ mfomso?
Wɔtaa frɛ TIA ahorow "mini-strokes," nanso ɛno nyɛ din a ɛyɛ nokware koraa. "Mini" ma yesusuw biribi ketewaa bi a asiane biara nni ho ho. Nanso TIA betumi aka amemene no fã kɛse bi. Afei nso, TIA betumi ama obi anya akisikuru kɛse wɔ simma, nnɔnhwerew, anaa nna kakraa bi mu.
Nsonsonoe atitiriw abien na ɛda TIA ne ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase kɛse ntam:
1. TIA bi begyina n’ankasa so. Nanso akisikuru rennyae na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsa.
2. Esiane sɛ amemene no sɛe daa wɔ ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase mu nti, wotumi hu no pefee wɔ MRI mfonini mu. Nanso esiane sɛ amemene no sɛe daa wɔ TIA mu nti, MRI scan a wɔyɛ bere a sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no agyae no taa nkyerɛ nsonsonoe biara.
Dɛn ne TIA ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?
TIA ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ nea ɛwɔ ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase mu no ara pɛ. Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi ba mpofirim, a wɔmfa kɔkɔbɔ biara mma . Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa betumi aba bere koro mu.
| Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ | Nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɛnyɛ den |
|---|---|
| Nipadua no fã biako a ɛyɛ mmerɛw/obubuafo (Hemiplegia) . | Sɛ obi te nka mpofirim sɛ ne nsa, ne nan, anaa n’anim yɛ duru anaa ne mu duru. Te sɛ nea worekɔtotɔ piti. |
| Ɔkasa mu den (Aphasia / Dysarthria) . | Wo adwene tu fra wɔ nsɛm ho, wuntumi nhu nea wobɛka, anaasɛ wote nka sɛ worekasa bere a worekasa no. |
| Anim no fã biako a wɔtwe | Sɛ mebɔ mmɔden sɛ mɛserew a, m’ano fã biako twe kɔ fam. Mintumi nni m’anim ntini ahorow so. |
| Anisoadehu mu haw (Diplopia) . | Wohwere aniwa biako anaa abien no nyinaa mpofirim, w’aniwa yɛ kusuu, anaasɛ wuhu nneɛma abien prɛko pɛ. |
| Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛnantew ne sɛ wobɛkari pɛ (Ataxia) . | Mpofirim ara, mete nka sɛ me ho ayɛ me basaa, mintumi nnantew yiye, na ɛte sɛ nea merewosow. |
| Tiyɛ a emu yɛ den mpofirim | Tiyɛ a emu yɛ den mpofirim, a nea ɛte saa nnyaa bi da wɔ w’asetra mu, a ntease biara nnim. |
| Adwene mu naayɛ ne ntease a ɛyɛ den | Ɛbɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛte nea afoforo reka ase, na mpofirim ara wo werɛ fi nneɛma te sɛ baabi a wowɔ ne bere no. |
Dɛn nti na saa TIA yi ba?
Nneɛma koro na ɛde TIA ne ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase ba. Nea ɛde ba titiriw ne mogya ntini bi a ɛde mogya kɔ amemene no mu a esiw bere tiaa bi. Akwan pii wɔ hɔ a eyi betumi afa so asi:
- Thrombosis: Sɛ srade ne nneɛma afoforo boaboa ano wɔ mogya ntini a ɛwɔ amemene no mu no afasu mu (wɔfrɛ eyi atherosclerosis) a, mogya mu ntini betumi ayɛ na asiw ntini no ano.
- Nsuo a ɛtɔ wɔ baabi foforɔ no tu kwan kɔ amemene no mu (Thromboembolism): Fa no sɛ mogya a ɛtɔ gu mogya ntini kɛseɛ bi mu wɔ koma anaa kɔn mu (``carotid artery``), ɛpaapae, ɛne mogya no tu kwan, na ɛkɔhyɛ mogya ntini ketewa bi mu wɔ amemene no mu. Saa asiane yi dɔɔso wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no ``Atrial fibrillation``, a ɛyɛ koma a ɛbɔ a ɛnkɔ so daa no mu.
- Lacunar stroke: Mogya ntini nketenkete paa a ɛwɔ amemene no mu tɔnn no nso betumi afi tebea yi mu aba.
- TIA a Wɔnkyerɛkyerɛ mu (Cryptogenic TIA): Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛmfa ho sɛ wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu kɛse no, wontumi nhu nea ɛde TIA ba pɔtee biara.
Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ obenya TIA?
Nnipa binom taa nya TIA sen afoforo. Wɔfrɛ eyinom nneɛma a ɛde asiane ba. Yebetumi adi eyinom bi so.
| Asiane a ɛde ba | Sɛnea ɛka |
|---|---|
| Mogya mmoroso (Hypertension) . | Eyi ne asiane titiriw a ɛyɛ hu sen biara. Mogya mmoroso sɛe mogya ntini ahorow na ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ebesiw no yɛ kɛse. |
| Asikreyare `(Asikreyare a Ɛto so 2)` | Sɛ asikre dodow kɔ soro wɔ mogya mu a, mogya ntini no sɛe, na ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ mogya bɛtɔ no yɛ kɛse. |
| Sigaretnom | Sigaretnom ma mogya no yɛ den, ɛsɛe mogya ntini no afasu, na ɛma mogya mmoroso kɔ soro. |
| Cholesterol a ɛkɔ soro `(Hyperlipidemia)` | Wobetumi de srade bɔne (LDL) a ɛwɔ mogya no mu akɔto mogya ntini no afasu so, na ɛde nkakrankakra ayɛ teateaa na asiw mu. |
| Koma mu yare (titiriw `Atrial fibrillation`) . | Koma a ɛbɔ daa no betumi ama mogya atɔ wɔ koma no mu na atu kwan akɔ amemene no mu. |
| Kɛse mmoroso (nipadua mu duru a ɛkɔ soro) . | Mu duru a ɛkɔ soro no ne mogya mmoroso, asikreyare, ne srade a ɛwɔ nipadua mu no wɔ abusuabɔ tẽẽ. |
| Mpanyinyɛ | Asiane no kɔ soro bere a mogya ntini no ntumi nyɛ mmerɛw bere a obi nyin no. |
Asiane wɔ TIA mu dɛn?
Ade titiriw nti a TIA yɛ tebea a egye ntɛmpɛ ne sɛ ɛyɛ ade a edi akisikuru kɛse anim. Sɛ TIA ba a, wo nipadua no de kɔkɔbɔ kɛse bi mena wo, na ɛka sɛ, "Ɔhaw bi wɔ mogya a ɛkɔ amemene no mu no mu, yɛ eyi ho biribi ntɛm, anyɛ saa a ebetumi ayɛ ɔsɛe kɛse."
Kae sɛ, nnipa a wɔwɔ TIA no mu bɛyɛ 20% benya akisikuru kɛse wɔ nnafua 90 a edi hɔ no mu. Wɔn mu fã benya bi wɔ nna abien a edi kan no mu! Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ nnɔnhwerew 48 a edi hɔ a wɔde bɛyɛ TIA no ho hia kɛse.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo hu sɛ ɔwɔ TIA?
Sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea a wowɔ TIA ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, nnuruyɛfo bedi kan abɔ mmɔden sɛ wobehu sɛ ebia ɛyɛ TIA, akisikuru kɛse, anaa tebea foforo. Wɔde sɔhwɛ ahorow yi bedi dwuma:
1. Wobebisa wo nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri: Wobebisa wo wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow, bere tenten a ɛwɔ hɔ, ne nyarewa afoforo a wowɔ na ama woanya wo tebea no ho adwene.
2. Nipadua ne ntini mu nhwehwɛmu: Wɔsɔ wo nipadua ahoɔden, wo kari pɛ, wo kasa, ne w’aniwa hwɛ de bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobehu amemene no fã a ɛka wo.
3. Scan ahorow:
- CT (Kɔmputa so Tomography) Scan:Eyi betumi atwa amemene no mfonini wɔ simma kakraa bi mu. Ɛhwɛ titiriw sɛ mogya retu amemene no mu anaa.
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Scan: Eyi betumi ama amemene no mu ntini ho mfonini a emu da hɔ. MRI scan ho hia yiye na ama wɔahu nsonsonoe a ɛda TIA ne ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase a ɛsɛe daa ntam pɛpɛɛpɛ.
Eyi akyi no, wobetumi ayɛ koma mu nhwehwɛmu te sɛ ``(ECG)``, ``(Echocardiogram)``, ne mogya mu nhwehwɛmu nso de ahu nea ɛde ba.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa TIA ahorow?
Esiane sɛ TIA yɛ bere tiaa mu de nti, ayaresa pɔtee biara nni hɔ a wɔde sa no saa bere no. Nanso, ayaresa botae titiriw ne sɛ wobesiw ɔyare kɛse bi ano daakye. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ wɔbɛsa ɔhaw a ɛda adi a ɛde TIA no bae no.
Nnuru a wɔde di dwuma
- Nnuru a ɛko tia mogya a ɛtwetwe: Wɔde nnuru te sɛ aspirin ma na ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ mogya bɛtɔ no so atew. Wobetumi de nnuru afoforo te sɛ clopidogrel nso ama.
- Mogya mmoroso nnuru: Sɛ wo mogya mmoroso yɛ kɛse a, wɔbɛkyerɛw wo nnuru a wode besiw ano.
- Nnuru a ɛtew srade so (Statins): Nnuru te sɛ Atorvastatin anaa Rosuvastatin brɛ srade bɔne a ɛwɔ mogya mu no ase.
- Nnuru a ɛko tia mogya a ɛtwetwe: Sɛ wowɔ tebea bi te sɛ atrial fibrillation a, wobetumi ama wo nnuru a ano yɛ den te sɛ Warfarin ne Apixaban na amma mogya antɔ.
Ayaresa afoforo
Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, sɛ mogya ntini titiriw a ɛwɔ kɔn no mu (`carotid artery`) no ayɛ teateaa yiye a, wɔfa akwan horow so san ma ɛyɛ nea ɛfata.
- Endovascular procedures: Wɔde catheter ketewaa bi fa mogya ntini bi mu na wɔde afiri a ɛte sɛ balloon (angioplasty) trɛw nea asiw no mu anaasɛ wɔde afiri a ɛte sɛ stent hyɛ mu na ama ntini no abue.
- Oprehyɛn: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔyɛ oprehyɛn bi a wɔfrɛ no carotid endarterectomy de yi srade a ɛwɔ mogya ntini no mu no fi hɔ na wɔtew ntini no mu.
Sɛ wowɔ TIA a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ?
Ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae fi asɛm yi mu ne sɛ: Sɛ wo anaa obi a wunim no nya mmubuafo ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no mu biara a, nntwentwɛn wo nan ase simma biako mpo.
Ntwɛn nkosi sɛ wobɛte nka sɛ, "Oh... eyi bɛyɛ yiye wɔ bere tiaa bi mu." Sɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no fi hɔ wɔ simma kakraa bi mu mpo a, mmu w’ani ngu so. Frɛ ambulance ntɛm ara anaa kɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo no Emergency Department (ETU).
Kae sɛ bere yɛ amemene mu nkwammoaa. Simma biara a ɛbɛtwam no betumi asɛe nneɛma pii.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- TIA yɛ bere tiaa mu obubuafo, nanso ɛyɛ ade a asiane wom kɛse a edi akisikuru a emu yɛ den anim.
- TIA ho sɛnkyerɛnne (nipadua no fã biako a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛkasa, n’anim a ɛhwe ase) ne nea ɛba bere a obi akisikuru no yɛ pɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ mu ara ne sɛ wɔkɔ wɔ simma anaa nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi mu.
- Mmu w’ani ngu yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ayera so da. Kɔ ayaresabea bi Dwumadibea a Ɛhwɛ Nneɛma a Ɛho Hia Ntɛmntɛm (ETU) ntɛm ara.
- Botae titiriw a ɛwɔ TIA a wɔsa mu ne sɛ wobesiw ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase kɛse ano daakye. Sɛ wobɛyɛ eyi a, di wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ ne nnuru a wode ma no akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ.
- Mogya mmoroso, asikreyare, ne srade a wɔhyɛ so, sigaretnom a wɔkwati, ne asetra pa a wodi akyi no betumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya TIA ne ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase no so.
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