So akokoaa betumi ayare afi ɛna bi hɔ? (Vertical Transmission) Momma yensua ho ade.

So woyɛ ɛna a wobɛware? Anaasɛ obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu rebɛwo akokoaa? Afei asɛm yi bɛyɛ nea ɛho hia wo paa. Ɛtɔ da bi a, nyarewa tumi fi ɛna mu kɔ akokoaa mu a wunnim. Ɛno ne nea yɛreka ho asɛm nnɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ, ɛna-kɔ-akokoaa a wɔde nyarewa ba.

Dɛn ne Vertical Transmission? (Dɛn ne Vertical Transmission?)

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ‘Vertical Transmission’ yɛ ɔyare mmoawa, kyerɛ sɛ, yareɛ bi, a ɛfiri ɛna mu kɔ ne ba mu wɔ nyinsɛn mu, berɛ a ɔrewo, anaa berɛ a ɔrema nufu wɔ akokoaa no awo akyi. Mmoawa ahorow a ebetumi de eyi aba ne mmoawa, mmoawa, ne mmoawa a wɔsɛe nnɔbae. Fa no sɛ wowɔ atiridii ketewaa bi. Ebia ɛrenyɛ asɛm kɛse mma wo. Nanso sɛ woanyinsɛn a, saa yare ketewaa no mpo betumi anya akokoaa a ɔwɔ awotwaa mu no so nkɛntɛnso kɛse. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa yare a wɔde ma yi betumi ama nyinsɛn atu, awo awuwu, na ebetumi aka akokoaa no akwahosan ne nkwa nna nyinaa. Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ yehu eyi.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔde yare no kɔ saa kwan yi so? (Ahorow a Wɔde Kɔ Vertical Transmission) .

Akwan titiriw abiɛsa na ɛwɔ hɔ a wobetumi afa so anya yare bi afi ɛna mu akɔ akokoaa mu. Momma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ.

1. Ɛnam awotwaa mu bere a akokoaa no da so ara wɔ awotwaa mu (In utero/Transplacental) .

Nea ɛba wɔ saa asɛm yi mu ne sɛ, sɛ ɔyare mmoawa bi hyɛn ɛna no mu a, ɛkɔ ɛna no mogya mu, fa awotwaa no mu, na ɛka akokoaa a ɔwɔ awotwaa no mu no. Awotwaa no ne abusuabɔ a ɛda ɛna no ne akokoaa no ntam. Ɛna no aduan fa mu. Enti mmoawa bi nso tumi fa saa kwan yi so kɔ akokoaa no nkyɛn. Fa no sɛ, te sɛ nneɛma a ɛna no di na ɔnom no, mmoawa a wɔwɔ ɛna no nipadua mu no nso tumi fa saa awotwaa yi mu kɔ akokoaa no nkyɛn.

2. Bere a wɔrewo (Intrapartum) .

Nea ɛba bere a akokoaa ba wiase yi mu, kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ ɛfa ɛna no awo kwan so ba a, sɛ ɛna no wɔ ɔyare bi bi a, ebetumi nso akɔ akokoaa no mu. Fa no sɛ ɔyare mmoawa bi wɔ ɛna no awo kwan mu. Sɛ akokoaa no fa mu ba a, saa mmoawa no tumi kɔ akokoaa no nipadua so, na ebia ɛbɛhyɛn aniwa ne n’ano. Eyi te sɛ ɔkwan ketewaa bi so nantew na nneɛma a ɛwɔ afã abien no nyinaa abɔ wo.

3. Nufu a wɔde ma bere a wɔawo akokoaa no akyi (Postpartum) .

Ɔkwan a ɛto so abiɛsa ne sɛ wubenya ɔyare no bere a worema nufu bere a wɔawo akokoaa no akyi. Mmoawa bi betumi afa nufusu mu akɔ akokoaa no nkyɛn. Anaasɛ, sɛ ɛna no wɔ biribi te sɛ nufu a apaapae a, mmoawa no betumi afa mogya no mu akɔ akokoaa no nkyɛn. Ɛno nti na ɛsɛ sɛ ɛnanom a wɔma wɔn nufu hwɛ yiye wɔ wɔn ankasa ahotew ne wɔn nufu akwahosan nso ho.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ ‘Vertical’ ne ‘Horizontal’ transmission ntam? (Vertical vs Horizontal Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔma)

Eyinom abien no nyinaa yɛ akwan a mmoawa fa so trɛw fi onipa biako so kɔ foforo so, nanso nsonsonoe kakra wɔ mu.

‘Horizontal transmission’ ne ɔkwan a yɛtaa fa so hu. Ɛne sɛ, obi betumi anya yare bi afi obi foforo hɔ denam nneɛma te sɛ ɔfe, ahurututu, nna, anaa obi a ɔde ne nsa ka biribi a wɔde adi dwuma no so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wo ne w’adamfo bi a ɔwɔ atiridii kasa a, sɛ ɔfe a, mmoawa no betumi adu wo nkyɛn na ama woayare. Ɛno ne nea ‘horizontal transmission’ yɛ.

Nanso, ‘vertical transmission’ kyerɛ yare bi a wɔde kɔ nipadua no mu, titiriw fi ɛna a onyinsɛn anaa ɔma nufu nkyɛn kɔ ne ba a ɔhyɛ yafunu mu anaa ne ba a wɔawo no foforo nkyɛn. Mpɛn pii no, saa nyarewa a wɔde kɔ baabiara ‘gyina hɔ’ yi nso betumi afa ‘horizontally’.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne bɛn na nkokoaa nya fi yare a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba yi mu? (Nsɛnkyerɛnne a Ɛwɔ Nkokoaa Mu) .

Sɛ ɛna no de saa yare yi ma akokoaa no a, akokoaa no betumi ada sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow adi. Nkokoaa binom betumi anya saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bere a wɔawo wɔn. Wɔ nkokoaa afoforo fam no, saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi ada adi bere a wɔanyinyin kakra, kyerɛ sɛ, wɔ mmofraase. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea sɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw yi yɛ:

• Anifurae anaa aniwa a ɛyera
• Aso a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaasɛ aso a ɛyɛ mmerɛw
• Koma mu yare
• Nsu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaasɛ akisikuru
• Akisikuru, kyerɛ sɛ, tebea horow a ɛte sɛ akisikuru
• Wora ne aniwa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ no, yɛfrɛ no jaundice.
• Aniwa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, aniwa mu yare `(Conjunctivitis)`
• Nse nketenkete a ɛyɛ nsensanee
• Nsonsonoe ahorow bi wɔ anim
• Mmɛn a ɛtrɛw (hepatomegaly) ne/anaasɛ akyi berɛmo (splenomegaly) .
• Ti ketewa `(microcephaly)`
• Nneɛma a ɛkyɛ anaa nsakrae a ɛba wɔ nipadua no mu ahoɔden a ɛma obi tumi yɛ adwuma no mu, te sɛ nantew ne akwaa a wɔde di dwuma

Susuw ho hwɛ, sɛ akokoaa a wɔawo no foforo yɛ kɔkɔɔ bere nyinaa, anaasɛ akuru nketenkete wɔ ne nipadua so a, hwɛ sɛnea ɛho hia sɛ wode kyerɛ oduruyɛfo ntɛm ara. Sɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛte saa wɔ hɔ a, ebetumi afi ɔyare mmoawa bi a efi ɛna no hɔ mu aba.

Dɛn ne nyarewa a ebetumi afi ɛna hɔ akɔ akokoaa mu? (Nyare mmoawa a ebetumi atrɛw tẽẽ) .

Nyarewa pii wɔ hɔ a efi mmoawa, mmoawa, ne mmoawa a wɔsɛe nnɔbae mu ba a wobetumi de afi ɛna mu akɔ akokoaa mu wɔ saa kwan yi so. Nnuruyɛfo de din tiawa bi di dwuma de kae eyinom, a ɛne ‘TORCH’ .

• T - Toxoplasmosis, Treponema pallidum (a ɛde asetra mu yare a ɛma obi nya akisikuru ba) .
• O - Other kyer3 'afoforo' nyarewa
• R - Rubella `(Rubella)`
• C - Nkwammoaa mu ɔyare mmoawa
• H - Herpes simplex mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba

Afei, nyarewa afoforo pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi atɔ saa ‘Afoforo’ kuw no mu. Ebi ne:

• Chagas yare no
• Chlamydia a wɔde di dwuma
• Covid-19 `(COVID-19)`
• Gonorrhea a ɛma obi ho kyere no
• Hepatitis mmoawa (a ɛka mmerɛbo no) .
• HIV `(HIV)`
• Listeriosis (eyi betumi afa nnuan bi so anya obi) .
• Parvovirus B19 a ɛyɛ ɔyare mmoawa
• Varicella-zoster mmoawa (eyi na ɛde akokɔsrade ba) .
• Zika mmoawa (a nwansena na ɛde ba) .

Mma saa nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ yi nnyɛ wo hu. Ɛnyɛ obiara na obenya nyarewa yi nyinaa. Nanso ɛho hia sɛ yehu sɛ wɔwɔ hɔ, enti yebetumi ayɛ nneɛma bi de abɔ yɛn ho ban afi wɔn ho.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na mmea a wɔyem nya saa nyarewa yi?

Afei asɛmmisa no ne sɛ, ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛna a onyinsɛn anaa ɔma nufu nya saa yare yi ansa na ne ba no anya bi? Nneɛma pii betumi ama eyi aba:

• Ɛdenam nna a wɔmmɔ ho ban so (ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna a wɔde ano, akyi anaa ɔbea nna mu nna). Nyarewa bi a wonya fi nna mu betumi afa saa kwan yi so na akyiri yi wobetumi de akɔ akokoaa no mu.
• Ebetumi afa nsu nketenkete (ɔhome mu nsuo) a ɛba bere a obi afe anaa wafefe no mu atrɛw. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebetumi atrɛw afi obi a ɔwɔ atiridii anaa atiridiinini no hɔ.
• Ɛdenam cat poop a wode wo nsa bɛka so. Titiriw no, yare bi a wɔfrɛ no toxoplasmosis betumi afa saa kwan yi so. Ɛno nti na wɔka kyerɛ ɛnanom a wɔyem sɛ wɔmmfa wɔn nsa nka wɔn pɔnkɔ nwura adaka no.
• Wobetumi anya ɔyare mmoawa bi denam aduan anaa anonne a efĩ wom a wobedi so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nneɛma te sɛ nhabannuru, nnuaba, ne nam ne mpataa a wɔannoa no yiye.
• Sɛ nkoekoemmoa bi a wɔfrɛ no kissing bug (eyi ntaa mma kɛse wɔ Sri Lanka) ka wo a.
• Mogya a wɔde ma. Nanso eyi ntaa mma seesei koraa, efisɛ wɔsɔ mogya a wɔde ma no mu hwɛ sɛ mmoawa bi wɔ hɔ anaa.

Woahu, sɛ yɛhwɛ yiye kakra wɔ yɛn da biara da asetra mu a, yebetumi akwati saa nneɛma yi pii.

Nsɛnnennen bɛn na yare a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba yi de ba?

Yare bi a efi ɛna mu kɔ akokoaa mu, a wɔfrɛ no ‘vertical transmission’ no betumi de tebea horow bi a emu yɛ den aba. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ nyinsɛn betu anaa awo a wawu betumi ayɛ kɛse.
• Akokoaa a ɔwɔ awotwaa mu betumi anya nsu a ɛbɛboaboa ano anaasɛ ɛho ahonhon kɛse (hydrops fetalis).

Ɛyɛ awosu sɛ wobɛte ehu nka bere a wote saa nneɛma yi. Nanso kae sɛ, ɛwom sɛ saa nneɛma yi betumi asi de, nanso wubetumi atew asiane yi so kɛse denam wo a wubedi kan abɔ wo amanneɛ, nhwehwɛmu a ɛho hia a wobɛyɛ, na woadi wo duruyɛfo afotu akyi no so.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu ɔyare mmoawa yi? (Nyare a Wɔahu) .

Wɔ nyinsɛn mfiase no, nnuruyɛfo yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu bi de hwɛ sɛ nyarewa bi a ebetumi aka akokoaa a ɔwɔ awotwaa mu no. Sɛ wohu sɛ ɛna no wɔ ɔyare bi a, nnuruyɛfo betumi akamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo na wɔahu sɛ ebia akokoaa no nso bɛka no anaa. Sɔhwɛ ahorow yi bi ne:

• Amniocentesis: Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wɔde ade ketewaa bi di dwuma de fa nsu (amniotic fluid) a atwa akokoaa no ho ahyia no mu kakraa bi na wɔhwehwɛ ne nkwammoaa mu.
• Chorionic villus sampling: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wogye ntini bi fi awotwaa no mu na wɔsɔ hwɛ.
• Awotwaa mu mogya a wɔfa: Wɔ eyi mu no, wɔde ade teateaa bi fa ɛna no yafunu mu na wogye mogya fi akokoaa a ɔwɔ awotwaa mu no mu na wɔsɔ hwɛ.

Wɔ mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforo ne mmofra nkumaa mu no, mpɛn pii no wotumi de mogya mu nhwehwɛmu hu nyarewa yi. Sɛ oduruyɛfo bi susuw sɛ akokoaa no anya TORCH yare no biako (esiane ɛna no wɔ yare no anaasɛ esiane sɛ akokoaa no wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow nti) a, wɔbɛsɔ akokoaa no ahwɛ wɔ awo akyi pɛɛ. Wobetumi nso afa nsu mu nhwehwɛmu anaasɛ nnompe a wɔbɛfa afi akokoaa no hwene mu so asɔ ɔyare no ahwɛ.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔbɛsa nyarewa a ɛtete saa? (Ayaresa)

Ayaresa a wɔde sa ɛna ne akokoaa yare no gyina ɔyare no ko a akokoaa no wɔ ne bere a wohuu no so. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nnuruyɛfo betumi de nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa, nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa, anaa nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ama ansa na wɔawo akokoaa no anaa bere a wɔawo no akyi.

Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ, bere a ɛtɔ mmere bi a nnuru yi tumi brɛ akwahosan ho haw ahorow ase de, nanso ebia ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na esiw ano koraa. Na wontumi nsan nsɛe ɔsɛe a aba dedaw no.

Mmofra a wɔn aso yɛ den esiane nyarewa a wonya fi awo mu anaasɛ wɔn nkɔso mu haw nti no betumi anya mmoa afi nneɛma te sɛ kasa mu ayaresa ne adwumayɛ mu ayaresa mu.

Sɛ me ba no nya yare a ɛte sɛɛ a, dɛn na mɛhwɛ kwan?

Nea ɛbɛto wo ba no sɛ wo maame nya yare bi a, egyina nneɛma pii so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, bere a akokoaa no nyaa yare no wɔ nyinsɛn mu ne yare ko a na ɛyɛ. Sɛ yɛbɛka no ɔkwan biara so a, dodow a akokoaa no nya ɔyare mmoawa no ntɛm wɔ nyinsɛn mu no, dodow no ara na asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obetu nyinsɛn, awo a wawu, anaasɛ wɔbɛwo akokoaa a ɔwɔ tebea a ɛde ne nkwa to asiane mu no yɛ kɛse. Nanso ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na ɛte saa. Mpɛn pii no, sɛ wohu ntɛm na wɔsa yare a, ebetumi asiw nea efi mu ba a anibere wom pii ano.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn? (Bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn) .

Eyi ho hia paa. Sɛ woanyinsɛn a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa nhwehwɛmu a wɔbɛyɛ wɔ nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa ba ho wɔ wo nyinsɛn no mfiase no ho. Afei nso, sɛ wususuw sɛ ebia woanya nna mu yare (STI), anaasɛ wunya yare biara wɔ wo nyinsɛn mu a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara. Mma w’ani ngu so. Sɛ ɛyɛ ade ketewaa bi ma wo mpo a, ebetumi anya wo ba no so nkɛntɛnso kɛse.

So wobetumi asiw transmission a ɛkɔ soro no ano?

Aane! Nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a yebetumi ayɛ de asiw eyi ano kɛse. Sɛ wowɔ ɔyare mmoawa bi a ebetumi akɔ wo ba no so bere a wonyinsɛn anaa bere a woawo akyi a, wobetumi de nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa, nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa, anaa nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa asa. Eyi betumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ yare no bɛkɔ wo ba no mu no so. Nea ɛka ho no, nneɛma bi a wubetumi ayɛ de abɔ wo ho ban afi ɔyare mmoawa ho ni:

• Fa samina hohoro wo nsa yiye bere nyinaa. Hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛhohoro wo nsa bere a woakɔ abɔnten, ansa na woadidi, ne bere a woakɔ tiafi awie no.
• Hyɛ nsateaa bere a woreyɛ adwuma wɔ turo mu anaa woresiesie fie no. Hohoro wo nsa yiye bere a woawie no.
• Tew wo nsrahwɛ a wobɛkɔ mmeae a nnipa ahyɛ hɔ ma no so sɛnea wubetumi biara. Sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ a, hyɛ akatawia. Hwɛ yie titire wɔ atiridii berɛ mu ne berɛ a COVID-19 ayarefoɔ bebree.
• Bisa wo duruyɛfo no nnuru a wɔde bɔ wo ho ban a wɔkamfo kyerɛ ma wo no ho asɛm na fa ne nyinaa ma wo bere ano. Nnuru bi a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban betumi abɔ wɔn ho ban afi nyarewa a wobetumi de afi ɛna mu akɔ akokoaa mu wɔ saa kwan yi so no ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, rubella vaccine no.
• Fa nna a ahobammɔ wom di dwuma. Fa kɔndɔm di dwuma sɛ wo ne obi da wɔ nyinsɛn mu a. Ɛyɛ adwene pa nso sɛ wobɛma wɔayɛ wo hokafo nhwehwɛmu sɛ ebia ɔwɔ nna mu nyarewa (STIs).
• Mmɔ mmɔden sɛ w’ankasa wobɛhohoro mpataa nwura adaka no mu bere a wonyinsɛn no. Sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ koraa a, hyɛ nsateaa na hohoro wo nsa yiye bere a woawie no.
• Sɛ woresiesie aduan a, siesie no ma ɛho tew na ɛfata. Noa na noa nam ne mpataa yiye ansa na woadi. Hohoro nnuaba ne nhabannuru yiye, na sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye a, yiyi mu.
• Di nnuan a ahobammɔ wom nkutoo. Mma nnom nufusu a wɔmfa pasteurized anaa nsu a wɔmfa nnuru nhyɛ mu. Nni akutu a wɔannoa anaasɛ wɔannoa yiye, te sɛ oysters ne mussels.
• Bɔ wo ho ban fi nkoekoemmoa ho. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛbɔ wo ho ban afi nkoekoemmoa te sɛ nwansena ho no, fa nnuru a ɛpam nkoekoemmoa gu so na hyɛ ntade atenten.
• Sɛ worekɔ akwantu tenten bi mu a, di kan yɛ nhyehyɛe. Titiriw sɛ worekɔ amannɔne bere a wonyinsɛn a, ɛyɛ adwene pa sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ afotu afi ``akwantuo aduruyɛ ayaresabea`` hɔ. Wɔbɛma wo afotu a ɛfa ɔman a worekɔ no ho pɔtee.

Afei nso, sɛ woanyinsɛn, worebɔ mmɔden sɛ wubenyinsɛn, anaasɛ woatu kwan akɔ beae bi a Chagas yare abu so a, susuw ho sɛ wobɛyɛ yare no mu nhwehwɛmu.

Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

Okay, enti mewɔ anidaso sɛ seesei woanya ntease pa wɔ nea yɛkaa ho asɛm nnɛ no ho, a wɔfrɛ no ‘vertical transmission’. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi ne nyarewa a efi ɛna mu kɔ akokoaa mu bere a nyinsɛn, awo, anaa nufu rema no. Eyi betumi de nsɛnnennen a emu yɛ den aba wo nkwa nna nyinaa mu, enti ɛho hia sɛ woyɛ ahwɛyiye kɛse na ama woanya ahobammɔ bere a woanyinsɛn anaasɛ worebɔ mmɔden sɛ wubenyinsɛn no.

Sɛ woanyinsɛn, susuw sɛ ebia woanya ɔyare bi, anaasɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne biara a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa ntɛm ara. Mmu w’ani ngu biribiara a ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ ketewaa so.

Nhumu ne ahobammɔ a eye sen biara. Mewɔ anidaso sɛ wobɛfa saa ahwɛyiye yi na woanya ahoɔden de akokoaa a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden aba wiase yi mu!

` vertical transmission, nyinsɛn, awo, nufu, nyarewa, TORCH, awo mu tebea horow, siw ano