Ɛna ne agya biara te anigye a ɛyɛ nwonwa nka bere a wohu sɛ wɔrehwɛ akokoaa kwan no . Nanso bere koro no ara mu no, ehu kakra nso ba w’adwenem, ɛnte saa? Nsɛmmisa te sɛ ‘So akokoaa no benya apɔwmuden?’, ‘So biribiara bɛyɛ yiye?’. retu mmirika wɔ w’adwene mu. Titiriw sɛ wo mogya yɛ ‘Negative’ na wo kunu mogya yɛ ‘Positive’ a, ebia woate biribi a wɔfrɛ no ‘Rh incompatibility’ ho asɛm. Ebia eyi a wobɛte no bɛma ehu aka wo kakra. Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo koraa. Momma yɛnka biribiara ho asɛm tiawa na emu nna hɔ nnɛ.
Dɛn ne Rh factor no?
Okay, di kan ma yɛnhwɛ nea saa Rh factor yi yɛ. Ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye. Ɛyɛ protein titiriw bi a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no ani.
- Sɛ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no wɔ saa protein yi a, wo mogya yɛ Rh Positive (+) . Te sɛ nnipa dodow no ara a wɔwɔ Sri Lanka no, wiase dodow no ara mogya yɛ Rh Positive.
- Sɛ wunni saa protein yi wɔ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ mu a, wo mogya no yɛ Rh negative (-) .
Sɛ ɛna no yɛ Rh Negative na akokoaa no yɛ Rh Positive nkutoo a na ɔhaw betumi asɔre . Sɛ ɛna no yɛ Rh Positive a, ɔhaw biara nni hɔ a akokoaa no mogya mfa ho. Saa ara nso na sɛ ɛna no ne akokoaa no nyinaa yɛ Rh Negative a, ɔhaw biara nni hɔ nso. Saa tebea yi nsɛe ɛna no akwahosan. Nkɛntɛnso no wɔ akokoaa no so.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na nea ɛne ne ho nhyia no de ɔhaw ba?
Eyi yɛ mmerɛw yiye sɛ yɛbɛte ase. Mpɛn pii no, nyinsɛn mu no, ɛna no ne akokoaa no mogya nfrafra. Wɔma awotwaa no ma wɔtew wɔn ho.
Nanso, bere a wɔrewo, titiriw bere a awotwaa no mu tetew no, akokoaa no mogya kakraa bi betumi akɔ ɛna no mogya mu. Fa no sɛ eyi: ɛna no yɛ Rh Negative. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ onni Rh protein no wɔ ne nipadua mu. Wɔwoo akokoaa no Rh Positive. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ akokoaa no wɔ Rh protein no wɔ ne mogya mu.
Afei, sɛ akokoaa no mogya a Rh wɔ mu no bi hyɛn ɛna no nipadua mu a, ɛna no nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no hu Rh protein yi sɛ ɛyɛ ahɔho a ne ho yɛ hu. Te sɛ mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba. Afei ɛna no nipadua no fi ase yɛ asraafo titiriw, a wɔfrɛ wɔn `antibodies`, a wɔde bɛko atia saa ‘ntuafo’ yi.
Esiane sɛ egye bere kakra ansa na saa nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa yi anyin nti, mpɛn pii no, akokoaa a odi kan no mpira efisɛ saa adeyɛ yi fi ase wɔ n’awo akyi.
Nanso, ɔhaw no sɔre wɔ nyinsɛn a edi hɔ no mu. Mprempren ɛna no nipadua wɔ nnuru a ɛko tia mogya a Rh wɔ mu. Saa nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa yi betumi atwa awotwaa no mu akɔhyɛn akokoaa a odi hɔ no nipadua mu.
Sɛ akokoaa a ɔto so abien no yɛ Rh Positive a, saa nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa a efi ɛna no nipadua mu yi tow hyɛ akokoaa no mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no so na efi ase sɛe no. Yɛfrɛ saa tebea yi `Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn`.
| Ɛna mogya su | Akokoaa mogya su | Nsunsuansoɔ |
|---|---|---|
| Rh Positive (+) . | Rh Positive anaa Rh Negative | Ɔhaw nni hɔ. |
| Rh Nea enye (-) . | Rh Nea enye (-) . | Ɔhaw nni hɔ. |
| Rh Nea enye (-) . | Rh Positive (+) . | Ɔhaw bi betumi asɔre (titiriw wɔ nyinsɛn a ɛto so abien no mu). |
Dɛn ne nkɛntɛnso a ebetumi aba akokoaa no so?
Esiane sɛ ɛna no tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no sɛe akokoaa no mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ nti, akokoaa no betumi anya akwahosan ho haw ahorow.
- Monemia : Akokoaa no mogya dodow so tew esiane mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛsɛe nti.
- Jaundice: Akokoaa honam ani ne n’ani dan kɔla esiane ade bi a wɔfrɛ no bilirubin a efi mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a asɛe mu ba nti.
- Tebea horow a emu yɛ den: Wɔ tebea horow a emu yɛ den paa mu no, akokoaa no akwaa te sɛ koma ne mmerɛbo betumi asɛe, na akokoaa no mpo betumi awu wɔ awotwaa mu.
Eyi yɛ hu sɛ wobɛte. Nanso asɛmpa no ne sɛ wobetumi asiw tebea yi ano yiye.
Ano aduru: Anti-D (RhoGAM) aduru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban
Esiane sɛ aduruyɛ ho nyansahu anya nkɔso nti, mprempren Rh a ɛne ne ho nhyia ho haw yi ano aduru a etu mpɔn yiye wɔ hɔ. Ɛno ne Anti-D immunoglobulin.Wɔtaa frɛ vaccine no ne brand din `RhoGAM`.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Anti-D vaccine no ma mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ biara a ɛwɔ Rh a ebia efi akokoaa a ɔwɔ awotwaa mu no kɔɔ ɛna no nipadua mu ansa na ɛna no nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no ‘nyane’ no nyɛ adwuma na ‘ɛhohoro’. Eyi mma ɛna no nnya nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛyɛ hu.
Wɔde saa vaccine yi ma sɛnea nhyehyɛe pɔtee bi kyerɛ.
1. Bɛyɛ adapɛn 28 wɔ nyinsɛn mu: Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔma ɛnanom a wonni Rh nyinaa Anti-D vaccine saa bere yi. Eyi yɛ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛkwati hokwan ketewaa bi a ɛbɛma mogya afra ɔkwan bi so bere a wɔyem no.
2. Wɔ nnɔnhwerew 72 akyi wɔ awo akyi: Sɛ wohu sɛ akokoaa a wɔawo no foforo no mogya yɛ Rh Positive a, wɔbɛma ɛna no Anti-D injection foforo.
3. Wɔ tebea afoforo mu: Saa vaccine yi yɛ ahyɛde wɔ adeyɛ biara a akokoaa no mogya betumi akɔ ɛna no nipadua mu, te sɛ nyinsɛn a wotu gu, nyinsɛn a wɔde tu mmirika, nyinsɛn a woyi gu, anaa amniocentesis akyi.
Nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛwɔ saa vaccine yi mu no ntwa awotwaa no mu na ɛnpira akokoaa no. Enti, asiane biara nni ho paa.
Nneɛma kakraa bi bio a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛma ɛtra yɛn adwenem
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu akokoaa mogya dodow?
Sɛ woyɛ Rh Negative a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wo ba no benya Rh Negative awosu mu abɔde bi afi wo hɔ. Sɛ́ ebia akokoaa no yɛ Rh Positive anaasɛ Negative no gyina awosu mu abɔde a wonya fi agya no hɔ so.
- Sɛ agya no yɛ Homozygous Positive (a ɛkyerɛ sɛ onyaa Rh Positive awosu mu nkwaadɔm fii n’awofo baanu no nyinaa hɔ) a, akokoaa no nso benya awosu mu nkwaadɔm a ɛyɛ papa afi ne hɔ. Enti , akokoaa no bɛyɛ 100% Rh Positive.
- Sɛ agya no yɛ Heterozygous Positive (a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔwɔ awosu mu abɔdeɛ baako a ɛyɛ papa ne awosu mu abɔdeɛ baako a ɛnyɛ papa) a, akokoaa no wɔ hokwan 50% sɛ ɔbɛnya awosuo mu abɔdeɛ a ɛyɛ papa na 50% wɔ hokwan sɛ ɔbɛnya awosu mu abɔdeɛ a ɛnyɛ papa. Wei kyerɛ sɛ akokoaa no wɔ 50% hokwan sɛ ɔbɛyɛ Rh Positive.
Esiane sɛ awosu mu nsɛm yi yɛ den kakra nti, wubetumi ne wo duruyɛfo akasa akyerɛkyerɛ eyi mu akɔ akyiri.
Adwene a ɛnteɛ ne nokware
Ebia nnipa binom besuro Anti-D vaccine no efisɛ wɔde mogya na ɛyɛ. Nanso wɔyɛ eyinom bere a wɔatew ho yiye na wɔada no adi sɛ asiane biara nni ho akyi. Afei nso, ebia wobɛte nsɛm te sɛ, "M'adamfo no woo nkokoaa baanu a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden a wɔwɔ Rh Positive a wannom Anti-D." Yiw, ɛntaa nsi koraa. Nanso ɛte sɛ nea wode wo ho to asiane a ɛho nhia mu, te sɛ nea wuhuruw kɔ abɔnten a worenhwehwɛ kar a ɛreba.
Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wubedi aduruyɛ mu afotu a ɛteɛ akyi a woremma ehu a ɛho nhia mma wɔ eyi ho.Wo duruyɛfoɔ bɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛhia nyinaa ama wo, ama wo Anti-D vaccine no berɛ a ɛho hia, na wakyerɛ wo kwan ama wo ne wo ba no akɔ so ayɛ dwoodwoo.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Sɛ wo mogya yɛ Rh Negative na wo hokafo mogya yɛ Rh Positive a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛhwɛ ayaresa titiriw bere a wonyinsɛn no.
- Mpɛn pii no, nyinsɛn a edi kan no yɛ nea asiane biara nni ho. Akokoaa a odi hɔ a ɔwɔ Rh a wonyinsɛn no no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ obehyia ɔhaw ahorow.
- Wobetumi de Anti-D (RhoGAM) vaccine no asiw saa tebea yi ano yiye na ahobammɔ wom.
- Ɛho hia sɛ wo nsa ka saa vaccine yi wɔ nyinsɛn no adapɛn 28 mu ne nnɔnhwerew 72 akyi wɔ awo akyi sɛ wowɔ akokoaa a ɔwɔ Rh a.
- Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka nsɛmmisa, ehu, anaa adwenem naayɛ biara a wowɔ wɔ eyi ho no ho nkɔmmɔ pefee. Nsɛm a ɛfata a wubenya no ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so atew ehu a ɛho nhia so.
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