So w’ani reyɛ ayɛ kusuu? So worehu nsensanee tuntum wɔ w’ani anim? Ebetumi ayɛ Wet Macular Degeneration!

So wote nka nso sɛ w’aniwa resakra kakra bere a worenyin no? Ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ wohwɛ nhoma anaa atesɛm krataa bi a, so wote nka sɛ nkrataa no mu nna hɔ, anaasɛ wote nka sɛ wuhu nneɛma yiye? Ɛwom sɛ eyinom yɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ daa a ɛkɔ so bere a worenyin de, nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a eyi betumi ayɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wodwen ho kakra. Wiɛ, eyi yɛ tebea a emu yɛ den a ɛkɔ so wɔ aniwa no mu a wɔfrɛ no wet macular degeneration, anaa `(Wet Macular Degeneration - WMD)`. Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri nnɛ.

Dɛn ne Wet Macular Degeneration?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, wet macular degeneration yɛ Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) a emu yɛ den kɛse na ɛkɔ akyiri, tebea a ɛka yɛn aniwa bere a yɛrenyin no. Seesei ebia woresusuw nea ARMD yɛ ho. Ɛyɛ tebea a ɛsɛe macula , aniwa no fã bi a ɛboa ma yehu ade yiye bere a yɛrenyin no.

Enti, sɛ tebea yi mu yɛ den, kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ wet macular degeneration (WMD) ba a, mogya ntini foforo, nanso ɛnyɛ papa, a ɛyɛ mmerɛw fi ase ba wɔ ntini a wɔfrɛ no retina a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no ase. Esiane sɛ mogya ntini foforo yi yɛ mmerɛw yiye nti, mogya ne nsu fi ase pue. Saa mogya ne nsu a ɛretu yi betumi asɛe nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ retina no mu na ama yɛahwere yɛn ani, titiriw mfinimfini anisoadehu . Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, eyi ne nea wuhu bere a wohwɛ w’anim tẽẽ no.

Fa no sɛ, sɛ wohwɛ obi anim a, n’anim mfinimfini yɛ kusuu, na ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wuntumi nhu nneɛma a atwa ne ho ahyia no. Saa na ɛba wɔ asɛm yi mu.

Saa mogya a ɛtɔ yi nso betumi ama akuru ntini ayɛ. Eyi betumi asɛe macula no bio, na ama anisoadehu no ayɛ kɛse. Bere kɔ so no, saa mogya a ɛretu ne akuru ntini yi betumi ama obi aniwa nhu ade daa. Nanso, sɛ wohu na wɔsa no ntɛm a , ebetumi asiw ɔsɛe a ɛtra hɔ daa ano anaasɛ ebetumi asiw anisoadehu mpo sɛ ɛrenyɛ kɛse. Enti, sɛ wuhu nsakrae biara wɔ w’ani so a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛkɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo (aniwa ho oduruyɛfo) nkyɛn ntɛm ara sɛnea wubetumi.

Edin afoforo a nnuruyɛfo de frɛ saa yare yi ne ``exudative macular degeneration'' ne ``neovascular macular degeneration. ``Exudate'' yɛ aduruyɛ mu asɛmfua a ɛkyerɛ "nsu a ɛretu." Ɛhɔ na edin no fi.

Saa yare yi abu so dɛn?

Asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ yebenya `(ARMD)` no kɔ soro bere a yɛrenyin no. Nokwarem no, ɛno ne ade titiriw a ɛma nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe 60 no ani so tew.Nnipa a wɔwɔ `(ARMD)` no mu bɛyɛ 10% kosi 20% nya nsu a ɛyɛ nwini `(WMD).` Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ nnipa ɔpepem 10 kosi 20 na wɔwɔ wiase nyinaa wɔ saa yare yi mu.

Dɛn ne wet macular degeneration ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?

Saa `(WMD)` tebea yi ma mfinimfini anisoadehu a ɛnyɛ yaw hwere.Aniwa abien no nyinaa betumi aka, nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛka aniwa biako kɛse na biako nso nnya.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw no bi ni:

• Sɛ wuhu nsensanee tuntum anaasɛ nsu a ɛsensɛn nsu so wɔ aniwa anim .
• Blurry vision , titiriw bere a worehwɛ w’ani so no.
• Kɔla ahorow a ɛyera anaasɛ ɛso tew . Ebia worentumi nhu nsonsonoe a ɛda bruu ne kɔkɔɔ ntam.
• Anisoadehu a wɔakyinkyim / metamorphopsia . Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea mfɛnsere mu nnua a wɔatrɛw mu.
• Nneɛma nketenkete a wuhu sen sɛnea ɛte ankasa (micropsia) .
• Mmeae a wotumi hu ade a ayɛ sum .
• Nneɛma a anifuraefo yɛ / scotomas .
• Mfinimfini anisoadehu a ɛyera koraa, na aka aniwa a ɛwɔ akyi nkutoo .

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛde wet macular degeneration ba?

Ɛyɛ den sɛ yɛbɛkyerɛ ade biako pɛ a ɛde saa tebea yi ba, ``(WMD).`` Mmom no, asiane pii ka bom ma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobenya saa yare yi.

Saa asiane ahorow no ne nneɛma a ɛde ba no bi ni:

• Mfe : Bere a worenyin no, ɛda adi sɛ wubenya aniwa mu yare biara.
• Awosu mu nkɛntɛnso ne abusua abakɔsɛm : Nsakrae bi (nsakrae) a ɛba awosu mu nkwaadɔm (DNA) a wunya fi w’awofo hɔ no mu no betumi ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya WMD no ayɛ kɛse. Sɛ obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu anya yare no a, ɛda adi sɛ wubenya bi.
• Abusuakuw : Nnipa a wofi Europa na wɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya (WMD). Nnipa a wofi Afrika ntaa nnya bi.
• Aduan pa : Vitamin ahorow bi (titiriw vitamin C ne E) , minerals ( kɔbere ne zinc ), ne vitamin A mu nneɛma anaa aduannuru a ɛfa ho (beta-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin) a enni hɔ no betumi ama WMD aba.
• Beae a ɛwɔ asase so : Sɛ wote bɛn equator a, wo hann a ɛwɔ wo nyinaa mu no dɔɔso. Eyi nso betumi ayɛ ade a ɛboa.
• Suban ahorow bi : Tawa a wɔnom betumi aboa ma (WMD) anya nkɔso.
• Akwahosan tebea afoforo : Tebea horow te sɛ srade a ɛkɔ soro (hypercholesterolemia), mogya mmoroso (hypertension), ne koma ne ntini mu yare (koma ne ntini mu yare) betumi ama WMD aba. Adanse a adi afra da so ara wɔ hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia asikreyare (Diabetes Mellitus - Type 1 ne Type 2) nso boa anaa.

Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen a yare yi de ba?

Ɔhaw titiriw a ɛwɔ wet macular degeneration mu ne sɛ obi ntumi nhu ade wɔ mfinimfini.Sɛ wɔansa wɔn yare a, nnipa a wɔwɔ WMD no mu 80% kosi 90% bɛhwere wɔn ani so awiei koraa araa ma wobebu wɔn sɛ wɔn ani afura wɔ mmara kwan so. Ɛne sɛ, wɔn ani so yɛ den araa ma wontumi nyɛ da biara da nnwuma.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi ahu wet macular degeneration?

Aniwa ho ɔbenfo, sɛ nhwɛso no, aniwa ho oduruyɛfo anaa aniwa ho ɔbenfo betumi de akwan horow pii a wɔaka abom ahu WMD.

Ade a edi kan ne aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa . Saa bere yi mu no, wobetumi ahwɛ wo retina no tẽẽ. Wobetumi de adwinnade bi a wɔde nsa a wɔfrɛ no ophthalmoscope ayɛ eyi , anaasɛ denam w'aniwa a wobɛtrɛw mu na woayɛ kanea a wɔapaapae mu nhwehwɛmu so . Wobetumi nso de grid a ɛnyɛ den a wɔfrɛ no Amsler grid eye test adi dwuma . Eyi betumi aboa wo ma woahu biribiara a akyinkyim w’ani so (ɛte sɛ nea grid no atrɛw esiane nneɛma a akyeakyea wɔ w’aniwa mu nti).

Wɔ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu ne kanea a wɔapaapae mu nhwehwɛmu akyi no, aniwa ho oduruyɛfo betumi ayɛ mfoninitwa nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ nea wɔde hu yare nso. Eyinom betumi ahwɛ nneɛma a ɛwɔ w’ani no mu ne mogya ntini a ɛwɔ w’ani akyi no. Sɔhwɛ ahorow a wobetumi ayɛ no bi ne:

• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) : Eyi te sɛ scan a ɛtwa aniwa no mu mfonini a wɔatwa no tiaa.
• Fluorescein angiography : Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wode aduru bi bɛhyɛ ntini bi a ɛwɔ w’abasa mu mu na woatwa mfonini bere a ɛfa mogya ntini a ɛwɔ w’ani mu no mu no.
• Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) : Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a wɔde aduru foforo a wɔde yɛ ade di dwuma, a ɛte sɛ nea atwam no.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa eyi?

Wet macular degeneration yɛ yare a wotumi sa kɛse sɛ wohu ntɛm a . Akwan titiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ a wɔfa so sa WMD: nnuru ne laser akwan .

Nnuru yɛ adwuma denam protein bi a wɔfrɛ no Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) , a yɛn nipadua de yɛ mogya ntini foforo a esiw ano no so. Sɛ VEGF siw ano a, mogya ntini foforo gyae. Wɔnam nnuru a wɔde twitwiw w’ani mu tẽẽ so de saa nnuru yi ma . Nsuro, ɛwom mpo sɛ wɔka sɛ wɔde aduru ahyɛ w’ani mu de, nanso wɔyɛ no denam w’ani a wobɛma ayɛ mmerɛw araa ma wonte nka no so.

Nnuru ahorow bi a esiw VEGF kwan ni:

• `Aflibercept`
• `Bevacizumab a wɔde di dwuma`
• `Brolucizumab a wɔde di dwuma`
• `Farisimab`
• `Ranibizumab a wɔde di dwuma`

Botae a ɛwɔ laser ayaresa a wɔde sa WMD mu ne sɛ ɛbɛma mogya ntini foforo a ɛrenyin no agyae na sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye a, wɔatew so. Sɛ́ ebia wubetumi ayɛ wo laser oprehyɛn no gyina baabi a mogya ntini foforo no wɔ wo macula ase ne nneɛma afoforo pii so. Nanso, mprempren nnuru a wɔde twitwiw nipadua no abu so sen laser ayaresa.

W’ani ho ɔbenfo betumi akyerɛkyerɛ ayaresa a wubetumi apaw mu yiye. Nsɛm a wɔde ma no ne nea ɛfata na ɛboa kɛse ma wo tebea pɔtee no . Wɔbɛka nsunsuanso bɔne anaa nsɛnnennen a ebetumi aba ne ayaresa a ɛbɛboa wo kɛse nso akyerɛ wo.

Dɛn ne anidaso a ɛwɔ wet macular degeneration ho?

Adwene a ɛwɔ tebea `(WMD)`, kyerɛ sɛ, sɛnea ɛbɛsan ayɛ yiye anaa sɛnea n’anisoadehu bɛyɛ no gyina nneɛma pii so. Eyinom ne:

• Hwɛ sɛnea wo `(WMD)` tebea no nye.
• Ɛhe na wɔ wo macula mu a asɛe no wɔ?
• Ayaresa a wubetumi anya, anaasɛ worenya dedaw.
• Akwahosan tebea afoforo a wowɔ.

Esiane sɛ nneɛma pii ka w’anisoadehu nti, w’adwene betumi ayɛ soronko koraa. W’ani ho ɔbenfo betumi agyina wo tebea pɔtee so akyerɛ wo nea w’adwene bɛyɛ.

So wobetumi asiw wet macular degeneration ano?

Esiane sɛ nneɛma ne asiane pii wɔ hɔ a ɛboa ma `(WMD)` nya nkɔso nti, ɛrentumi nyɛ yiye sɛ wobesiw ano koraa. Nanso, nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ de atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya bi no so anaasɛ wobɛtwentwɛn ne nkɔso ase.

Nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a wubetumi ayɛ de asiw AMD ano anaasɛ wobɛtwentwɛn so no bi fi ase bere a wowɔ dry macular degeneration, AMD a ɛnyɛ den pii no. Anamɔn bi a ebia w’ani duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ ni:

• Fa Amsler grid di dwuma da biara . W’ani duruyɛfo betumi ama wo Amsler grid a wode bedi dwuma wɔ fie na wakyerɛ wo sɛnea wode bedi dwuma. Sɛ wuhu nsakrae anaa kyinkyim bi wɔ w’ani so a, ɛsɛ sɛ wo ne w’ani duruyɛfo di nkitaho ntɛm ara sɛnea wubetumi. Saa a wɔbɛyɛ no betumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ retina no asɛe a wontumi nsakra no ne aniwa a ɛyera no so.
• Kɔ w'ani ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn kɔyɛ w'ani mu nhwehwɛmu daa . Eyi betumi aboa ma wɔahu WMD ntɛm.
• Fa nnuru a wɔde ka aduan ho da biara da . Mpɛn pii no, vitamin C, vitamin E, kɔbere, zinc, lutein, zeaxanthin, ne beta-carotene na ɛwɔ eyinom mu. (Sɛ wonom sigaret a, nnom beta-carotene, efisɛ ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ahurututu mu kokoram no yɛ kɛse.)
• Gyae tawanom, anyɛ saa a mfi ase . Eyi ka tawa/nicotine a wɔde di dwuma ahorow nyinaa ho, a vaping ne tawa a wusiw nnim ka ho. Wo duruyɛfo betumi aka nneɛma a ɛbɛboa wo ma woagyae ho asɛm akyerɛ wo.
• Hyɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ owia. Owia a wobɛtra mu no betumi ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya macular degeneration (MWD) no ayɛ kɛse. Owia ahwehwɛ betumi atew nkɛntɛnso a owia hann nya wɔ w’ani so no so.
• Kɔ so yɛ nnam . Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ boa w’akwahosan wɔ akwan pii so, a wo retina akwahosan ka ho.
• Kura mu duru a ɛfata mu . Nneɛma a ɛde ba a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya (WMD) no yɛ kɛse no pii fa wo nipadua akwahosan nyinaa ho.

Nneɛma afoforo wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ de aboa ma woasiw aniwa a ɛyera esiane WMD nti ano. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa anaa nsɛm bi a ɛhaw wo wɔ nea wubetumi ayɛ ho a, bisa w’ani duruyɛfo. Obetumi ama wo akwankyerɛ ne nneɛma a ebetumi aboa wo.

Sɛ mewɔ wet macular degeneration a, mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ me ho?

Sɛ wufi ase hwere w’ani so esiane (WMD) nti a, ebetumi ahaw wo kɛse. Ebetumi aka sɛnea wubetumi de wo ho atra ase ne wo da biara da dwumadi ne dwumadi ahorow a woyɛ daa no.

Sɛ woayera w'ani dedaw esiane `(WMD)` nti a, nneɛma bi da so ara wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ de aboa wo ho. Eyinom ne:

• Bisa w'ani duruyɛfo no sɛnea wobɛsan ahwɛ aniwa a enni hɔ no ho asɛm . Eyi te sɛ nipadua anaa adwuma mu ayaresa, nanso ɛyɛ w’ani. Saa ahosiesie yi kyerɛkyerɛ wo sɛ wobɛsakra wo ho na woadi nsakrae a ɛba w’anisoadehu mu a wowɔ dedaw no ho dwuma.
• Fa nnwinnade ne mfiridwuma ho nimdeɛ di dwuma . Nneɛma a wɔmfa mfiridwuma mu nneɛma pii te sɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛma nneɛma kɛse anaa ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade kɛse betumi ama da biara da nnwuma ne dwumadi ahorow ayɛ mmerɛw. Nneɛma a wɔde mfiridwuma mu nimdeɛ a ɛkorɔn te sɛ smartphone apps anaa ɛlɛtrɔnik mfiri titiriw nso betumi aboa wo ma woayɛ nsakrae wɔ w’ani a ɛyera anaa nsakrae a ɛba wo mu no ho. W’ani duruyɛfo betumi ama wo afotu pɔtee ne nsɛm a ɛfa nnwinnade (mfiridwuma a ɛkorɔn anaa nea ɛba fam) a ebetumi aboa wo ho.
• Fa nneɛma ne mmoa a ɛwɔ hɔ no di dwuma . Ɛdenam baabi a wote so no, ebia aban ne ahyehyɛde ahorow a wɔde wɔn ho wɔ hɔ a wobetumi aboa wo wɔ wo da biara da ahiade ahorow ho. Sɛ wode di dwuma a, ebetumi aboa wo ma woatra ase wɔ wo ho na ama w’asetra ayɛ mmerɛw.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ m’ani ho ɔyaresafo nkyɛn?

W’ani duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ fa nsrahwɛ nhyehyɛe a wode bedi akyi de adi wo WMD tebea no ho dwuma na sɛ ɛho hia a, ayɛ nsakrae wɔ w’ayaresa no mu. Saa nsrahwɛ ahorow yi ho hia yiye na ama aniwa a ɛyera no ano hye.

Afei nso, sɛ wuhu nsakrae wɔ w’ani so, sɛ nhwɛso no, nneɛma a ɛkyinkyim a ɛba bere a wode Amsler grid sɔ w’ani hwɛ a, ɛsɛ sɛ wo ne w’ani ho ɔbenfo di nkitaho ntɛm ara .

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa m’ani ho ɔyaresafo?

Nsɛmmisa bi a ebia wobɛpɛ sɛ wubisa w’ani ho ɔyaresafo ni:

• Me `(WMD)` tebea no nye dɛn?
• Bere bɛn na ɛda adi sɛ obi ntumi nhu ade yiye, na dɛn na metumi ayɛ de atew nneɛma a asɛe no so anaasɛ mɛtew so?
• So beae a nsakrae ba macula no mu no ka ayaresa ahorow a ebetumi aba anaasɛ hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ saa ayaresa ahorow no bedi nkonim no?
• Mɛyɛ dɛn atumi asiw ɔsɛe foforo ano?
• Nneɛma ne mmoa bɛn na metumi anya?
• So menya mfaso afi ayaresa a wɔde siesie aniwa so no mu?

Anisoadehu yɛ nkate a nnipa pii de di dwuma wɔ wɔn da biara da asetra nyinaa mu, mpɛn pii no wonsusuw ho mpo. W’anisoadehu a wobɛhwere no betumi ayɛ osuahu a ɛyɛ abasamtu ne abasamtu. Nanso, nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ de asiw nneɛma a asɛe no ano, asiw aniwa a ɛyera bio ano, na woayɛ nsakrae ma ɛne nsakrae a ɛrekɔ so dedaw no ahyia.

Ɔkwan pa a wobɛfa so ahu nea wubetumi ayɛ wɔ tebea yi ho ne sɛ wo ne w’ani duruyɛfo bɛkasa. Ɔbɛkyerɛ wo kwan wɔ anammɔn ne nsakrae a ebetumi aboa wo mu. Ɛnsɛ sɛ wo nkutoo di tebea yi anaa nea efi mu ba ho dwuma, wɔwɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛboa wo.

Nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, enti momma yɛnbɔ nsɛntitiriw a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae fi nea yɛaka ho asɛm no mu no bi mua:

• Wet macular degeneration (WMD) yɛ aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛba bere a obi anyin (ARMD) ba. Ɛyɛ tebea a mogya ntini foforo a ɛyɛ mmerɛw hyehyɛ aniwa no mu, na ebetumi ama mogya atu na ama obi atumi ahwɛ mfinimfini.
• Nsɛnkyerɛnne no betumi ayɛ nsensanee tuntum a ɛwɔ aniwa no anim, aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ne aniwa a ɛyɛ kusuu. Sɛ wuhu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.
• Sɛ wohu eyi ntɛm a, wobetumi asa . Aniwa nnuru, nnuru a wɔde twitwiw nipadua mu, ne laser ayaresa wɔ hɔ.
• Nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a wubetumi abɔ mmɔden sɛ wubesiw ano , te sɛ aduan pa a wubedi, sigaretnom a wobɛkwati, ahwehwɛ a wode hwɛ owia, ne aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a wobɛyɛ daa.
• Sɛ wowɔ saa tebea yi a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wo ne w’ani ho oduruyɛfo di nkitaho daa na wudi wɔn afotu akyi. Akwan ne mfiri ahorow nso wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aboa wo ma woatra ase a wunhu ade yiye.

Enti, w’ani a wobɛhwɛ so no wɔ wo nsam. Sɛ wowɔ adwenem naayɛ anaa ɔhaw bi a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu.

` Macular degeneration, wet macular degeneration, WMD, ARMD, aniwa a ɛhwɛ ade, aniwa mu nyarewa, macula