Ma yenhu wo mogya nkwammoaa dodow ho asɛm? Nsonsonoe ne nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wohu

So woahu botae bi a wɔfrɛ no ‘PLT’ pɛn bere a wohwɛ Full Blood Count amanneɛbɔ bi no? Anaasɛ woapirapira ketewaa bi a ɛde akuru kɛse ba, anaasɛ mogya tu wo sẽ bere a worehohoro wo sẽ no pɛn? Eyinom nyinaa betumi ayɛ nea ɛfa nkwammoaa kuw ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu a wɔfrɛ no mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ ho. Wɔsan frɛ wɔn thrombocytes. Enti, ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka nea mogya nkwammoaa yi yɛ ne nea ɛba bere a ɛba fam dodo no ho asɛm.

Enti, dɛn ne mogya nkwammoaa yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, mogya nkwammoaa yɛ nkwammoaa nketenkete a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu a ɛba yɛn nnompe mu. Wɔn adwuma titiriw ne sɛ wobegyae mogyatɔw bere a yɛapira no. Susuw sɛnea wo mogya gyae bere tiaa bi akyi bere a woatwitwa wo basa no ho hwɛ. Saa bere no, mogya nkwammoaa yi ba te sɛ abran, bom yɛ mogya a ɛtɔ, na ɛsɔ kuru no ano. Ɛte sɛ mfiridwumayɛfo nkumaa kuw bi a wɔde ahopere resiesie paipu a abubu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsusuw Platelet Count?

Wɔde mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa na ɛkyerɛ mogya nkwammoaa dodow. Wɔsusu eyi wɔ Complete Blood Count (CBC) sɔhwɛ a yɛtaa yɛ no mu. Eyi betumi ahwɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu a mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa ne mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no ka ho.

Momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow a ɛfata yɛ wɔ obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden mogya mu.

Momma yɛnka mogya nkwammoaa a ɛba fam (Thrombocytopenia) ho asɛm .

Sɛ wo mogya nkwammoaa dodow nnu 150,000 a, nnuruyɛfo frɛ tebea yi thrombocytopenia. Eyi ne bere a wunni mogya nkwammoaa a ɛdɔɔso a ɛbɛma woagyae mogya a ɛretu bere a woapira akyi no.

Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no?

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛso tew kakra no betumi amfa sɛnkyerɛnne biara amma. Nanso, sɛ dodow no so tew kɛse a, ebia wubehu nneɛma te sɛ:

• Akuru a ɛnyɛ den: Sɛ wobɔ kakra mpo a, ebetumi ama woanya akuru akɛse a ɛyɛ bruu/akuturuku.
• Mogya a ɛtɔ a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobesiw ano: Mogya a ɛba anom bere a worehohoro wo sẽ, mogya a ɛtaa tu fi hwene mu, mogya a ɛkyɛ fi kuru ketewaa bi mpo mu.
• Mogya a ɛtɔ gu nipadua no mu: Mogya a ɛba nsu mu, mogya a ɛwɔ nsu mu (ebia nsu no yɛ tuntum), mogya a ɛwɔ ɔfe mu (ebetumi ayɛ te sɛ kɔfe a wɔayam).
• Nsonsonoe kɔkɔɔ a ɛwɔ honam ani: Nsonsonoe nketenkete a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ na ɛyɛ tratraa (petechiae) a mogya a ɛtu fi mogya ntini a ɛwɔ honam ani no mu na ɛde ba.
• Nsonsonoe a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ wɔ honam ani: Nsonsonoe akɛse a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, kɔkɔɔ, bruu-kɔla (Purpura) a mogya a ɛtɔ wɔ honam ani.
• Ɔbrɛ ne mmerɛwyɛ a ɛboro so.
• Mogya a ɛtɔ kɛse bere a mmea rekɔ brayɛ mu.
• Akisikuru anaa mmerɛbo a ɛho ahonhon.

Dɛn nti na mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu no so tew?

Nneɛma atitiriw abiɛsa nti na mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ sua:

1. Nnompe mu ntini no ntumi mma mogya nkwammoaa a ɛdɔɔso.

2. Nipadua no sɛe mogya nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu ntɛmntɛm anaasɛ ɛde di dwuma.

3. Akisikuru no kura mogya nkwammoaa mu na ɛnnyi mu bere a ɛho hia no.

Eyinom ne nyarewa ne nneɛma a ɛde tebea horow yi ba no bi:

• Nnompe mu yareɛ: Tebea a ɛntaa nsi te sɛ `Aplastic Anemia`, mogya mu kokoram te sɛ Leukemia anaa Lymphoma.
• Kokoram ayaresa: Nnuru ne mframa a wɔde sa yare betumi asɛe nnompe mu ntini no.
• Vitamin a enni nipadua mu: Sɛ vitamin B12 ne folate sua a, ɛbɛyɛ den sɛ nnompe mu ntini no bɛyɛ mogya nkwammoaa.
• Tebea horow a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa: Wɔ nyarewa te sɛ Lupus ne Rheumatoid Arthritis mu no, nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no di mfomso tow hyɛ n’ankasa mogya nkwammoaa so na ɛsɛe.
• Nyarewa: Nyarewa a efi mmoawa mu te sɛ HIV, Hepatitis C, ne ɔyare mmoawa bi.
• Nnuru bi:Nnuru bi te sɛ Heparin ne Quinine betumi ama mogya nkwammoaa asɛe.
• Nyarewa te sɛ mmerɛbo mu akisikuru: Eyinom betumi ama akyi berɛmo no ahonhon na mogya nkwammoaa atɔ mu.
• Nsã a wɔnom boro so.
• Oprehyɛn atitiriw bi: Sɛ nhwɛso no, koma mu oprehyɛn.

Momma yensua mogya nkwammoaa a ɛkɔ soro (Thrombocythemia/Thrombocytosis) nso ho ade .

Ntini mu mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow boro 450,000 nso yɛ ɔhaw. Eyi betumi ama mogya a ɛtɔ a wɔmpɛ ayɛ . Saa mogya a ɛtwetwe yi betumi akɔhyɛ mogya ntini no mu na ɛde tebea horow a asiane wom te sɛ komayare, akisikuru, ne ahurututu mu ntini a ɛma mogya tu aba.

Saa tebea yi ahorow abien na ɛwɔ hɔ:

• Primary Thrombocythemia: Eyi fi mogya nkwammoaa a ɛba nnompe mu ntini mu wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so. Mpɛn pii no, awosu mu nsakrae na ɛde eyi ba.
• Secondary Thrombocytosis: Eyi ne thrombocytosis a ɛtaa ba, baabi a wɔkanyan nnompe mu ntini no ma ɛyɛ mogya nkwammoaa pii esiane aduruyɛ mu tebea foforo nti (e.g., ɔyare mmoawa, dade a enni nipadua no mu).

Mpɛn pii no, wohu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no kɛse wɔ nea edi kan no mu. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ne:

• Nsa ne anan a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, ɛhyew, na ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Koko mu yaw.
• Tiyɛ, adwenemhaw, mmerɛwyɛ.
• Nsakrae a ɛba wɔ anisoadehu mu.
• Mogya a ɛtɔ (ɛwom sɛ mogya nkwammoaa pii wɔ hɔ de, nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye).

Sɛ mogya nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ mogya mu no sua a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ?

Ayaresa a wɔde sa mogya nkwammoaa a ɛba fam no gyina nea ɛde sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ba ne sɛnea emu yɛ den so. Wo duruyɛfo na ɔbɛkyerɛ ayaresa a eye sen biara.

• Nea ɛde ba no a wɔbɛsa: Sɛ aduru bi na ɛma mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ mogya mu no so tew a, wobetumi agyae saa aduru no na wɔama foforo. Sɛ iron anaa vitamin a ɛho nhia a, wobetumi de nnuru a wɔde ka aduan ho ama.
• Nnuru: Wobetumi ama nnuru te sɛ `Corticosteroids` (e.g. Prednisone) a ɛma mogya nkwammoaa dodow kɔ soro, nnuru te sɛ `Eltrombopag` ne `Romiplostim` a ɛma mogya nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ nnompe mu no yɛ kɛse, ne nnuru te sɛ `Immunoglobulin` a ɛbɛma nipadua no asiw mogya nkwammoaa a ɛsɛe no ano.
• Mogya anaa mogya mu nkwammoaa a wɔde ma: Sɛ mogya tu anaasɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow sua koraa a, wobetumi de mogya nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ akyi no ama.
• Splenectomy: Sɛ ayaresa afoforo antumi anyɛ yiye na akyi berɛmo no resɛe mogya nkwammoaa a, wo duruyɛfo betumi akamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ oprehyɛn yi akyi berɛmo no .