If you're expecting a baby, you've probably heard the word ' epidural ' before. Maybe from a friend, or from a movie. Many people think that it's just something that's given to ease the pain during childbirth. That's true, but there are many more benefits to an epidural than that. So today, let's put all the fear and doubt about it to rest and talk about it in a straightforward, straightforward way.
What is an epidural? How does it work?
Simply put, an epidural is a form of anesthesia that is used to control pain. Think of the spinal cord, which is an important part of the nervous system that runs down our spine. It has a membrane to protect it. The small space just outside that membrane is what we call the 'epidural space'.
A doctor, especially an anesthesiologist, uses a very fine needle to insert a very thin, flexible tube, called a catheter , into the space you mentioned. Then, through that tube, the necessary pain-relieving drugs are slowly administered into the body. These drugs block pain signals from going to the brain. As a result, we no longer feel pain.
The most important thing is that after the epidural needle is inserted and the catheter is in place, the needle is completely removed. All that remains inside your body is that thin, soft tube. So don't worry about the needle being left inside.
What are the main uses of an epidural?
In addition to childbirth, which many people are familiar with, epidurals are used in several other situations. Let's take a look at what they are.
| Usage | Simple explanation |
|---|---|
| During Childbirth | This is the most common method. This is a method that only relieves pain (analgesia). This means that you are conscious, can talk, and move your legs a little, but you will not feel much of the pain of labor. |
| During and After Surgery | An epidural is given to completely numb the area, especially during major surgery on the hip, knee, or lower abdomen. It can also be used to control pain after surgery. |
| As a treatment for chronic pain | This method is also used to inject medications such as steroids for chronic back and leg pain caused by conditions such as herniated discs and spinal stenosis. |
Does the epidural hurt a lot when it's put in?
This is the biggest fear that many people have. Here's what actually happens:
1. Position : First, you will be asked to sit in a chair and lean forward or turn to one side of the bed and bring your knees to your chest.
2. Cleaning: Next, the doctor will thoroughly clean the area of the back where the injection will be given.
3. Numbness: Then, a tiny needle is used to numb the skin. It's like numbing the gums before a tooth is extracted. At this point, it feels like a small ant is biting you.
4. Inserting the epidural: After the skin is numb, the doctor inserts the epidural. You will not feel any pain at this time. However, you may feel a strange sensation, such as pressure or a tickling sensation. Some people may not feel anything at all.
5. Removing the needle: Once the catheter (heani tube) is properly positioned, the needle is completely removed.
The most important thing is that if you experience unbearable pain during this process, or if you feel like an electric shock is going down your leg, you should tell the doctor right away.
Are there any side effects of an epidural?
As with any medical treatment, an epidural can cause minor side effects . However, serious side effects are very rare. Let's take a look at what can happen.
| Side effect/complication | What to know |
|---|---|
| Low blood pressure | This is quite common. You may feel dizzy. But this can be controlled by the medical team, who will regularly check your blood pressure. |
| Difficulty urinating | Painkillers can temporarily numb the nerves in the bladder. If necessary, a catheter can be inserted to correct this. |
| Tremors and tremors | This can happen due to changes in body temperature. It's nothing to worry about. |
| Severe headache | Very rarely (less than 1%) this can happen if the needle accidentally enters the spinal fluid. There is treatment for this. |
| Infections, bleeding | These are also very rare. Things like the formation of a blood clot (hematoma) due to bleeding can happen. But doctors are very concerned about this. |
Special risks related to childbirth
- The second stage of labor may be a little longer.
- The feeling of the strength needed to push may be a little less.
- There may be a slightly increased risk of perineal tearing.
Are there people who are not suitable for an epidural?
Yes. In some cases, giving an epidural can be risky. Your doctor will discuss this with you and make a decision.
- If you have allergies to the anesthetic drugs you use.
- If you have blood clotting problems or are taking blood thinning medication.
- If there is a skin infection at the injection site.
- Medical conditions like uncontrolled diabetes .
In this case, your doctor will suggest a different painkiller that is more suitable for you.
What should you be careful about after having an epidural?
Even after the effects of the epidural wear off, you should avoid these things for at least 24 hours.
- Avoid driving.
- Avoid operating heavy machinery.
- Avoid drinking alcohol completely.
Depending on your condition, your doctor will give you specific instructions. It is very important to follow those instructions exactly.
Take-Home Message
- An epidural is a very useful pain control method used not only for childbirth, but also for surgery and chronic pain.
- This is done by a specialist anesthesiologist. Also, the area is numbed before the injection, so the pain is minimal.
- What remains in your body is not a hard needle, but a fine, soft plastic tube (catheter).
- Although minor side effects are possible, serious complications are extremely rare.
- Most importantly: Be open and honest with your doctor or anesthesiologist about any questions, concerns, or concerns you may have about your medical condition. This is important for your safety.
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