Yala banakisɛ dɔ bɛ aw la wa? An ka Gram Stain sɛgɛsɛgɛli dɔn.

N'a sɔrɔ aw b'aw yɛrɛ ɲininka nin "Gram Stain" in ye mun ye. Aw bɛ se ka siran dɔɔni ni dɔgɔtɔrɔ y’a ɲini aw fɛ aw ka nin sɛgɛsɛgɛli in kɛ. Nka, i kana i hakili ɲagami. Nin ye sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye min ka nɔgɔn kosɛbɛ, wa a nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ, min bɛ kɛ tuma caman na. Bi, an bɛna kuma o kan ka ɲɛ, nɔgɔya la kosɛbɛ.

Gram Stain sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye mun ye?

A fɔcogo nɔgɔman na, Gram stain ye laboratuwari sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye min bɛ kɛ walasa ka a dɔn ni banakisɛ dɔ bɛ aw fari yɔrɔ dɔ la, ani ni o don, ni o bɛ sɔrɔ banakisɛw fɛ. Miiri k’a filɛ, i dawolo dimi walima joginda dɔ bɛ i n’a fɔ a bɛ ka kirin. O kɔ, dɔgɔtɔrɔ bɛ se ka sigasiga ko a ni banakisɛw bɛ ɲɔgɔn na. O waati la, nin kɔrɔbɔli in bɛ se ka hakilina di joona o ko la.

O ye ka aw ka sugunɛ, joginda dɔ ta, walima o ɲɔgɔnna dɔ, ka a lajɛ ni mikroskɔpu ye. O bɛ hakilina gɛlɛn di ni banakisɛw bɛ yen, ani ni o don, u bɛ cogo min na. O bɛ dɔgɔtɔrɔ dɛmɛ ka fura minnu di aw ma ani sɛgɛsɛgɛli wɛrɛ minnu ka kan ka kɛ, olu latigɛ.

Dajirali surun dɔ bɛ kɛ banakisɛw kan

Banakisɛw ye fɛnɲɛnama ye min ka dɔgɔn kosɛbɛ, a bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn kelen ye. U bɛ sɔrɔ an farikolo la, an fari la, ani a bɛ se ka fɔ ko sigida yɔrɔ bɛɛ. Banakisɛ suguya dɔw tɛ kojugu si lase an ma, dɔw yɛrɛ bɛ an dɛmɛ. Nka banakisɛ suguya dɔw bɛ yen minnu bɛ banakisɛ ni bana suguya caman bila mɔgɔ la. Gram stain test bɛ dɛmɛba lase o banakisɛ jugu suguw dɔnni ma.

Nin sɛgɛsɛgɛli in na, banakisɛw bɛ kulɛri suguya caman tigɛli kɛ ka da u ka selilɛri kogow ka kemikaliya ni u farikolo cogoya kan. O hukumu kɔnɔ, u bɛ jate "gram-positif" walima "gram-negatif" ye. Nka fɛn kelen min ka kan ka to an hakili la, o ye ko banakisɛ bɛɛ tɛ tɔɔrɔ nin Gram stain fɛɛrɛ in fɛ. Ani fana, waati dɔw bɛ yen, nin sɛgɛsɛgɛli in dɔrɔn tɛ se ka bana in dɔn tigitigi. Nka, a bɛ taamasiyɛnba di banakisɛ suguya kan, o ye dɛmɛba ye furakɛli daminɛ na.

Gram nɔgɔ ye nɔgɔli fɛɛrɛ ye min nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ, min bɛ kɛ ni mikrobiologi ye kabini san kɛmɛ caman. A daminɛna fɔlɔ san 1882 Danmakɛ banakisɛw dɔnbaga Hans Christian Gram fɛ. A ye baara Kɛ n’o ye fɔlɔ walasa ka fɛnɲɛnamaw Dɔn minnu bɛ sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ Lase mɔgɔ ma.

Banakisɛ minnu bɛ wele ko Gram-positif ani Gram-negatif, olu ye mun ye?

Sisan an k’a lajɛ nin ko bɛɛ ye min ye Gram-positif ni Gram-negatif ye. Nin danfara in sinsinnen bɛ banakisɛw bɛ kɛ cogo min na ni kalali ye min farala sɛgɛsɛgɛli kan Gram stain sɛgɛsɛgɛli senfɛ. Banakisɛ dɔw bɛ kɛ bulama-bulu ye, dɔw bɛ kɛ bulama-bilen ye.

Yan , "positif" kɔrɔ tɛ "ko ɲuman" ye, wa a kɔrɔ tɛ "negatif" fana ye.Negatif kɔrɔ tɛ "jugu" walima "banakisɛ tɛ." O ye danfara dɔrɔn ye min sinsinnen bɛ banakisɛw bɛ kɛ cogo min na kalali la. Tuma dɔw la, banakisɛw bɛ wele fana ko "gram-variable". O kɔrɔ ye ko u tɛ nɔgɔ cogo kelen na, wa u bɛ se ka kɛ i n’a fɔ u ɲɛ ye bulama ni bulama ɲagaminen ye.

Banakisɛ minnu bɛ wele ko gram-positif

Gram-positif banakisɛw ka selilɛri kogow bɛ kɛ ni fɛn dɔ ye min bɛ wele ko peptidoglycan . Peptidoglycan ye banakisɛ fanba ka selilɛri kogow yɔrɔba ye. A bɛ kɛ 90% ɲɔgɔn ye gram-positif banakisɛw ka selilɛri kogow la. O de y’a To u bɛ Ye bulu fo ka Se bulama ma Gram nɔgɔ la.

Gram-positif banakisɛ suguya dɔw ye:

• `Staphylococcus suguya`
• `Streptococcus suguya`
• `Korinebakteri suguya`
• `Klostridiyɔmu suguya`
• `Listeria suguya`

Banakisɛ minnu bɛ wele ko gram-negatifs

Gram-negatif banakisɛw bɛ ni pepitidoglycan (10% ɲɔgɔn ye selilɛri kogo la) ye u ka selilɛri kogow la. U fana bɛ tulumafɛnw (i n’a fɔ asidi tulumaw) kɛmɛsarada la caman sɔrɔ u ka selilɛri kogow la. O de y’a To u bɛ Ye bilen fo ka Se pinɛ ma Gram nɔgɔ la.

Gram-negatif banakisɛ suguya dɔw ye:

• `Neisseria gonorrhoeae ani Neisseria meningitides`
• `Moraxella suguya`
• `Escherichia coli (E. coli)`
• `Pseudomonas suguya`
• `Proteus suguya`
• `Klebsiella suguya`

Danfara jumɛn bɛ Gram nɔgɔ ni banakisɛfagalanw cɛ?

Ni aw ka dɔgɔtɔrɔ bɛ sigasiga ko banakisɛ bɛ aw la, a ka ca a la u bɛna yamaruya di Gram stain test ni banakisɛfagalanw sɛgɛsɛgɛli fila bɛɛ ma. Nka, kunnafoni minnu bɛ sɔrɔ o sɛgɛsɛgɛli fila in na, olu tɛ kelen ye.

Miiri k’a filɛ nin cogo la, garamu nɔgɔ bɛ i n’a fɔ polisikɛla dɔ bɛ taa kojugukɛyɔrɔ la, ka teliya ka mɔgɔ siguilenw ɲɛfɔli gɛlɛn dɔ sɛbɛn (i n’a fɔ u janya, u kulɛri ani u ka finiw). O bɛ hakilina teliya di i ma jɔn bɛ yen.

Banakisɛw ladonni ye fɛɛrɛ ye min kɔnɔ banakisɛ minnu bɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ, olu bɛ falen balolan kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔ la laboratuwari kɔnɔ, ka sɔrɔ ka u dɔn u tɔgɔ fɛ. O bɛ se ka tile damadɔ kɛ, barisa banakisɛ dɔw bɛ bonya dɔɔni dɔɔni. Nka a bɛ dɛmɛ fana ka banakisɛ tigitigiw dɔn ani u furakɛcogo bɛnnen.

O la, a nɔ teliyalen don ka bɔ Gram nɔgɔ laHali ni a sɔrɔla, a ka ca a la a bɛ se ka banakisɛ suguya dɔrɔn de fɔ aw ye. Nka o kunnafoniw nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ dɔgɔtɔrɔ ka furakɛli daminɛ joona. Banakisɛw ladonni de ye fɛɛrɛ kelenpe ye min bɛ se ka banakisɛw dɔn ka ɲɛ.

Gram stain test bɛ se ka dɛmɛ don ka bana jumɛnw sɛgɛsɛgɛ?

Dɔgɔtɔrɔw bɛ yamaruya di Gram stain test ma walasa ka dɛmɛ don ka banakisɛ dɔw sɛgɛsɛgɛ ani ka u furakɛ. Misali la, a bɛ kɛ ka bana dɔw sɛgɛsɛgɛ i n’a fɔ sugunɛbilenni (UTI) ani sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ banakisɛ fɛ. Nka, a ma yamaruya banakisɛfagalan bɛɛ la. Misali la, a ka ca a la, Gram stain tɛ kɛ fɛn dɔ la i n’a fɔ dumuni baga, nka a bɛ se ka kɛ banakɔtaa sɛgɛsɛgɛli la ni a mago bɛ a la.

Banakisɛ minnu bɛ sɔrɔ Gram-negatif la minnu ka ca ani u bɛ bana minnu lase mɔgɔ ma

Nin ye banakisɛ dɔw ye minnu bɛ wele ko Gram-negatif ani u bɛ se ka bana minnu lase mɔgɔ ma:

• ` Escherichia coli : Sugunɛbilenni (UTI), dumuni baga.`
• ` Legionella pneumoniae : Legionnaires ka bana.`
• ` Salmonella : Dumuni baga, Tifoyidi sumaya.`
• ` Klebsiella : Sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ, jolilabanaw, joginda walima opereli yɔrɔ banakisɛw, banakisɛw ka ɲɛgɛnɛsiralabanaw.`
• ` Neisseria gonorrhoeae : Ɲɛgɛnɛsiraw.`
• ` Protéus : Sugunɛbilenniw (UTIs).`
• ` Morganella morganii : Sugunɛbilenni (UTIs), sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ, sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ, joginda, farikolo ni kolotugudaw, cɛmancɛlafasibana, ani kɔnɔbara basigilen (dusukun lamini yɔrɔ funu).`
• ` Aeromonas : ɲɛnamini, kolotugudaw (kolobana), banakisɛw ka ɲɛgɛnɛsiralabanaw, ninakilibana minnu bɛ "ka surunya ji la", kolotugudaw.`

Banakisɛ minnu ka teli ka sɔrɔ Gram-positif la ani u bɛ bana minnu lase mɔgɔ ma

Nin ye banakisɛ dɔw ye minnu bɛ wele ko Gram-positif ani u bɛ se ka bana minnu lase mɔgɔ ma:

• ` Streptococcus pneumoniae : Sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ banakisɛ fɛ.`
• ` Staphylococcus aureus : Banakisɛw ka sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ, Staphylococcus aureus min bɛ se ka metisilini kɛlɛ (MRSA), ani toxic shock syndrome.`
• ` Jɛkulu A Streptococcus suguya : Strep throat banakisɛw.`
• ` Listeria : Dumuni baga.`
• ` Clostridium : Dumuni baga.`
• `Kulostridiyɔmu botulinum ni Kulostridiyɔmu butirikumu: Botulisi.`

Gram sɛgɛsɛgɛli bɛ kɛ tuma jumɛn?

Ni dɔgɔtɔrɔ bɛ sigasiga ko banakisɛfagalanw bɛ aw la, tuma dɔw la, ɲɛgɛnɛsiralabanaw bɛ aw la, a ka ca a la u bɛna Gram stain ni banakisɛw ladonni yamaruya. Nin ye fɛɛrɛ ye min ka teli ka kɛ walasa ka banakisɛfagalan dɔ dɔn joona aw fari la.

Jɔn bɛ Gram Stain sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ?

Ka kɛɲɛ ni banakisɛ suguya ye min bɛ se ka sɔrɔ aw la, kɛnɛyabaarakɛla suguya wɛrɛw bɛ se ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ Gram stain sɛgɛsɛgɛli kama. Misali la, muso dɔgɔtɔrɔ bɛ se ka sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ ta walasa ka Gram stain test kɛ ka ɲɛsin kɔnɔboli ma. Fogonfogon dɔgɔtɔrɔ bɛ se ka sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ dɔ ta i ka sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ walima i ka sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ la ka a ci ka taa Gram stain test kɛ ni sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ banakisɛ ye.

O kɔfɛ, aw ka dɔgɔtɔrɔ bɛna o sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ minɛn sterili kɔnɔ ka a bila laboratuwari la walasa ka a sɛgɛsɛgɛ. Dɔgɔtɔrɔso laboratuwari dɔnnikɛla dɔ bɛna o sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ mikroskɔpu slidew kan, ka kalali kɛ ka tugu ɲɔgɔn na, ka a lajɛ mikroskɔpu fɛ. U bɛna rapɔɔri sɛbɛn ka o di aw ka dɔgɔtɔrɔ ma.

Aw bɛ aw labɛn cogo di Gram Stain sɛgɛsɛgɛli kama?

Kibaru duman don! Aw man kan ka fɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen kɛ walasa ka aw labɛn Gram stain test kama.

Gram Stain sɛgɛsɛgɛli bɛ kɛ cogo di?

A ka c’a la, fɛɛrɛba saba bɛ kɛ Gram nɔgɔ sɛgɛsɛgɛli la:

• Ka misali lajɛ.
• Misali labɛnni.
• Kɔrɔbɔli kɛli misali la.

Gram stain sample lajɛ

O ye ka fɛn dɔ ta ka bɔ yɔrɔ la, dɔgɔtɔrɔ bɛ siga yɔrɔ min na ko banakisɛ dɔ bɛ yen. O misali sugu tacogo dɔw filɛ nin ye:

• Aw bɛ farikolo yɔrɔ dɔ sɔgɔsɔgɔ walima ka a bruise.
• Ji walima jimafɛnw lajɛli ka bɔ aw fari la.
• Pikirijikɛlan finman ye ji dɔ bɔli ye i fari yɔrɔ dɔ la ni pikirijikɛlan finman ye.

Nin yɔrɔ ninnu ye aw bɛ se ka sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ ta walima ka burusi kɛ yɔrɔ minnu na:

• Gɔnɔ
• Nugu dawolo
• Cɛya ni musoya yɔrɔw
• Fari joginda

Aw bɛ se ka misali minnu lajɛ ka ɲɛsin minɛn sterili ma, olu ye:

• Saliva (sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ) .
• Sugunɛ
• Kurun

Farikolo yɔrɔ minnu na, pikirijikɛlan finmanw tali bɛ se ka kɛ yɔrɔ minnu na, olu ye:

• Sinuwaji min bɛ aw kolotugudaw la.
• Ji min bɛ aw dusukun lamini na (ji min bɛ aw dusukun na).
• Sugunɛji ye ji ye min bɛ aw fogonfogon lamini.
• Kunsɛmɛnasumaya (CSF) ye ji ye min bɛ aw kɔkolo lamini.

O kɔfɛ, dɔgɔtɔrɔ bɛ o sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ minɛn sterili kɔnɔ ka a ci laboratuwari la.

Gram staining kɛcogo

Laboratowari kɔnɔ, furakɛli laboratuwari dɔnnikɛla bɛ o fɛn in jɛnsɛn gilasi mikroskɔpu slidew kan. O slidew bɛ wele ko "smears". O kɔ, u bɛ kalali kɛ ka tugu ɲɔgɔn na sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ la ka Gram stain kɛ.

Gram staining kɛcogo bɛ taabolo jɔnjɔn naani de wajibiya:

• Pigment fɔlɔ dɔ kɛli (violet cristal).
• Aw bɛ kulɛri fisaman dɔ fara a kan (Gram ka iyode).
• Kulɛri bɔli teliya la ni etanɔli, asetɔni walima u fila bɛɛ ɲagaminen ye.
• Counterstaining ni safranin ye.

Gram nɔgɔ lajɛ

O kɔfɛ, ni dɔgɔtɔrɔso laboratuwari dɔnnikɛla y’a lajɛ ni mikroskɔpu ye, banakisɛ o banakisɛ bɛ se ka kɛ yen, u bɛ olu tila ka kɛɲɛ n’u kulɛri n’u cogoya ye :

• Kulɛri : A ka ca a la, banakisɛ minnu bɛ wele ko gram-positif, olu bɛ kɛ bulama ye fo ka se bulu ma, ka sɔrɔ banakisɛ minnu bɛ wele ko gram-negatif, olu bɛ ye pinki fo ka se bilen ma.
• Siginiden : Siginiden minnu ka teli ka kɛ, olu ye sɛrɛkili ye (cocci) walima bere cogoya (bacilli).

Ani fana, furakɛli laboratuwari dɔnnikɛla bɛ banakisɛw kuluw lajɛ slide kan ani ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛcogo wɛrɛw ɲini. I n'a fo:

• Yala cocciw bɛ yen kelen, fila-fila, kulu naani, kuluw walima cakɛdaw wa?
• Yala basiw tuluma don, u ka fin, u ka surun, u ka jan, walima u dakun kelen na, sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ belebelebaw bɛ u la wa?
• Yala banakisɛw bɛ joli kuru finmanw kɔnɔ wa?

O kɔfɛ, furakɛli laboratuwari dɔnnikɛla bɛna kunnafoni dɔ labɛn ka a ci aw ka dɔgɔtɔrɔ ma.

Farati jumɛnw bɛ Gram nɔgɔ sɛgɛsɛgɛli la?

Farati tɛ sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ tacogo la, walima ka daji, sugunɛ walima banakɔtaa tacogo di.

Joli sɛgɛsɛgɛli ta fan fɛ, a farati ka dɔgɔn kosɛbɛ. Joli bɔra yɔrɔ min na, dimi ni kurukuru dɔw bɛ se ka kɛ yen, nka a bɛ kɛnɛya joona.

Farati minnu bɛ se ka sɔrɔ pikirijikɛlan finmanw tali la, olu ye:

• A bɛ kɛ ni dusukasi walima dimi ye.
• Joli bɔli.
• Banakisɛ dɔ.
• Tiɲɛni bɛ kɛ lamini yɔrɔw la.

Gram stain jaabiw kɔrɔ ye mun ye?

Gram stain sɛgɛsɛgɛli jaabiw bɛ fɛnba fila jira: "Gram stain négatif" walima "Gram stain positif". O man kan ka ɲagami ni "gram-negatif" walima "gram-positif" banakisɛw ye.

Gram (Gram tache) juguman

Ni aw ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli jaabi ko "Gram stain négatif" walima "no organisme seen", a ka ca a la o kɔrɔ ye ko banakisɛ caman tun tɛ yen minnu bɛ se ka ye Gram stain fɛ. Nka ni aw ye o sɛgɛsɛgɛli kelen in sɛnɛ, aw bɛ se ka banakisɛw sɔrɔ hali bi.

Gram (Gram tache) ɲuman

Ni aw ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli jaabi ko "Positif Gram stain", o kɔrɔ ye ko banakisɛw tun bɛ aw ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli la. Ni i ka jaabi ye koɲuman ye, a ka c’a la, kunnafoniw bɛna sɔrɔ a kɔnɔ i n’a fɔ nin:

• Banakisɛ suguya : Gram-positif walima Gram-negatif.
• Banakisɛw cogoya : a kɛra sɛrɛkili ye (cocci) walima bere ye (bacilli).
• Banakisɛ wɛrɛw : banakisɛw bonya, u caya hakɛ (hakɛ), ani/walima banakisɛw faralen ɲɔgɔn kan cogo min na, ni o bɛ se ka kɛ.
• Kɔnɔnatumu wɛrɛw : Ni banakisɛw bɛ farikolokisɛ wɛrɛw kɔnɔ (selilu kɔnɔ), joli kuru bilenmanw, walima joli kuru finmanw.
• Funteni : Gram stain test fana bɛ se ka ɲɛgɛnw ɲini minnu bɛ kɛ funteni walima nɔgɔw cogo la. Nka, sɛgɛsɛgɛli wɛrɛw ka kan ka kɛ walasa ka a dɔn tigitigi a ye ɲɛgɛn suguya min ye.

Nin kunnafoniw ni aw ka bana taamasiɲɛw ni kɛnɛyaso ka sɔrɔ wɛrɛw faralen ɲɔgɔn kan, o bɛ se ka dɔgɔtɔrɔ dɛmɛ ka furakɛli kɛcogo ɲuman dɔn. Tuma dɔw la, o bɛ se ka kɛ dɛmɛ ye sani banakisɛfagalanw tali nɔ ka sɔrɔ.

A bɛ waati joli ta walasa ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli jaabiw dɔn?

A ka c’a la, gram nɔgɔ sɛgɛsɛgɛliw bɛ jaabi teliya di. Nka, a ka ca a la, Gram stain jaabiw bɛ jate fɔlɔ ye . O kɔrɔ ye ko u kelen tɛ se ka bana sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ tuma bɛɛ. Banakisɛw ladonni ani/walima sɛgɛsɛgɛli wɛrɛw (misali la, banakisɛfagalanw ni farikolojɔlifɛnw sɛgɛsɛgɛli banakisɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw na) bɛ se ka kɛ walasa ka bana sɛgɛsɛgɛli dafa.

Tuma jumɛn na ne ka kan ka n ka dɔgɔtɔrɔ wele?

Ni a sɔrɔla ko banakisɛ dɔ bɛ aw la ani ni gɛlɛya dɔw bɛ aw la furakɛli la aw bɛ min ta, walima ni aw ka bana tɛ ka ɲɛ, aw ye aw jija ka taa dɔgɔtɔrɔso la.

Gram stain ye sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye min ka teli ka kɛ, a ka ca a la dimi tɛ a la, min bɛ kɛ ka banakisɛ walima ɲɛgɛnɛsiraw lajɛ. Ka bana sɛgɛsɛgɛli jaabi makɔnɔ, o bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ mɔgɔ degun dɔɔni. Nka aw hakili to a la ko a mana kɛ fɛn o fɛn ye, aw ka dɔgɔtɔrɔso jɛkulu bɛ yen walasa k’aw dɛmɛ. Aw kana siran ka ɲininkaliw kɛ aw ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli walima a jaabiw kan.

Take-Home cikan

Okey, donc ka bɔ an ye baro kɛ min kan, n jigi b’a kan ko aw ye hakilina ɲuman sɔrɔ Gram Stain sɛgɛsɛgɛli kan. Fɛn minnu ka kan ka to an hakili la olu kunbabaw ye:

• gram stain ye sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye min bɛ teliya k' a dɔn ni banakisɛw bɛ yen ani u suguya .
• O bɛ banakisɛw tila ka kɛ gram-positif walima gram-negatif ye . A bɛ dɔgɔtɔrɔ dɛmɛ ka furaw sugandi.
• Hali ni o nɔ bɛ teliya, tuma dɔw la, u bɛ kɛ fɔlɔ ye . A bɛ se ka kɛ ko banakisɛw ladonni ka kan ka kɛ walasa ka banakisɛ tigitigiw dɔn.
• Faratiba tɛ nin sɛgɛsɛgɛli in na.
• Ni ɲininkali dɔw bɛ aw fɛ, aw kana siran abada ka dɔgɔtɔrɔ ɲininka .

O la, ni dɔgɔtɔrɔ dɔ y’a ɲini aw fɛ aw ka nin sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ i n’a fɔ nin, a nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ, o ye ko aw kana siran o la, nka aw k’a faamu ko nin ye fɛn ye min nafa ka bon aw ka kɛnɛya la.

` Gram stain, Gram stain, banakisɛw, banakisɛw, Gram positive, Gram negative, laboratuwari sɛgɛsɛgɛliw