Ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe dziɖuɖuxɔ ɣaɣla: Mina míasrɔ̃ nu tso Basal Ganglia ŋu ko!

Míaƒe ahɔhɔ̃ nye teƒe wɔnuku aɖe ŋutɔ, alo? Ele abe kɔmpiuta gã aɖe ene. Ahɔhɔ̃ sia ƒe akpa ɖesiaɖe wɔa dɔ vovovo. Egbea míele nu ƒom tso akpa aɖewo siwo le ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe gogloƒe vie ŋu, gake wowɔa akpa vevi aɖe ŋutɔ. Esiawoe nye nusiwo míeyɔna be Basal Ganglia . Ðewohĩ mèse ŋkɔ sia kpɔ o. Gake esia menyo o, mina míaƒo nu tso eŋu egbea ko.

Nukae nye Basal Ganglia?

Kpuie ko la, basal ganglia nye nu tɔxɛ aɖewo siwo te ɖe wò ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe titina ŋu siwo wɔa dɔ ɖekae. Bu wo abe ƒuƒoƒo sue aɖe ene le wò ahɔhɔ̃ me. Ƒuƒoƒo sia ƒe dɔ vevitɔe nye be wòakpe asi ɖe nyatakakawo tsɔtsɔ yi wò ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe akpa vovovowo dome. Wowɔa dɔ abe tɔdzisasrã ene, eye wotsɔa nuto vovovowo ƒoa ƒui. Dɔ vevitɔ kekeake siwo wowɔna dometɔ ɖekae nye be woakpɔ dzesi siwo wò ahɔhɔ̃ ɖona ɖa be wòaʋuʋu wò lãmekawo la dzi . Ne èʋuʋu wò abɔ, nèle zɔzɔm, alo le nu ƒom la, basal ganglia kpena ɖe dzesiawo ŋu wozɔna nyuie.

Nuka tututue dzɔna le Basal Ganglia me?

Basal ganglia la kpɔa gome le eme wu alesi nàsusui. Míenya nu geɖe tso wo ŋu vevietɔ le ʋuʋu dzi ɖuɖu ta, gake wokpɔa gome le nu bubu geɖewo hã me. Ðɔktawo kple dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo gakpɔtɔ le woƒe dɔwɔwɔwo katã ŋu bum.

1. Míaƒe ŋutilã ƒe ʋuʋu dzi ɖuɖu

Esiae nye dɔ vevitɔ si wonya nyuie wu si basal ganglia wɔna. Basal ganglia nye ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe kadodo si le ahɔhɔ̃a me ƒe akpa vevi aɖe si kpɔa ʋuʋu siwo katã nèwɔna le nyanya me, si nye lɔlɔ̃nu faa ʋuʋu dzi. Bu eŋu kpɔ, ne èbu nane wɔwɔ ŋu la, wò ahɔhɔ̃ ɖoa dzesi aɖe si do ƒome kplii ɖa. Ne dzesi sia to basal ganglia me la, woléa ŋku ɖe eŋu nenye be dzesi sia "nyo" alo "mesɔ o" . Ele abe agbo ene.

• Dzesi siwo hiãe nye: Ðe asi le eŋu. Emegbe dzesi ma yia lãmeka si sɔ gbɔ eye àte ŋu awɔ ʋuʋu ma.
• Dzesi siwo mehiã o alo esiwo mesɔ o: Woxea mɔ na wo alo trɔa wo. Esia tae ne èʋuʋu lãmeka ɖeka la, wogblẽa lãmeka bubu siwo te ɖe eŋu siwo medo ƒome kplii o la ɖi womaʋãna o.

Basal ganglia hã xɔa nyatakaka tso wò sidzenu atɔ̃awo (ŋku, to, ŋɔti, aɖe, kple ŋutigbalẽ) gbɔ. Wozãa nyatakaka siawo tsɔ kpena ɖe ŋuwò be wò ʋuʋu nade pɛpɛpɛ eye wòade pɛpɛpɛ wu.

2. Nyametsotsowɔwɔ, nusɔsrɔ̃ kple numamewo

Tsɔ kpe ɖe ʋuʋu ŋu la, basal ganglia hã kpɔa gome le nu vevi bubu geɖewo me.

• Nyametsotsowɔwɔ: Esiawo kpena ɖe ŋuwò nèwɔa nu siawo tɔgbe ŋudɔ ne èɖo taɖodzinu aɖe eye nèbu afɔku siwo le eme ŋu.
• Seselelãme kple nusi ʋãa ame:Esiawo do ƒome kple wò seselelãmewo kple nusi ʋãa wò be nàwɔ nane hã.
• Nusɔsrɔ̃ kple numamewo: Ne èsrɔ̃ nu yeye aɖe la, numame nyui alo gbegblẽwo dzɔna kple Basal Ganglia ƒe dɔwɔwɔ. Esiawo le vevie ne èle ɖoɖo aɖe wɔm kple ne èle edzi wɔm.

3. Dzidzɔkpɔkpɔ kple numamewo ƒe seselelãme

Esi wònye be basal ganglia do ƒome kple nuwo abe seselelãmewo, nusiwo ʋãa ame, kple numamewo ene ta la, wokpena ɖe ŋuwò hã be nàɖu alesi nèsena le ɖokuiwò me be woɖo eteƒe na ye ne yewɔ nane kple alesi nèsena le ɖokuiwò me be ele be yeaƒo asa na nane dzi.

Nuwo abe atamanono kple atike vɔ̃ɖiwo zazã zu numame na amewo elabena basal ganglia do ƒome kple ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe teƒeɖoɖo ƒe ɖoɖoa. Ema fia be wokpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe nɔnɔmewo abe numame ene hã dzi.

Afika tututue esiawo le le ahɔhɔ̃a me? Nukae wotsɔ wɔ woe?

Menye ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe wɔwɔme ɖeka koe nye basal ganglia o. Enye nu vovovo siwo le ahɔhɔ̃a titina, siwo goglo vie la ƒe ƒuƒoƒo. Le esiawo dome la, vevitɔwoe nye `Caudate nucleus`, `Globus pallidus`, kple `Putamen`. Le ema ɖeɖeko megbe la, akpa vevi bubuwo abe `Subthalamic nucleus` kple `Substantia nigra` hã le ɖoɖo sia me. Bu eŋu abe `(circuit board)` si le elektrɔnikmɔ̃ me ene. Basal ganglia ƒe akpa vovovoawo do ƒome kple wo nɔewo eye wowɔa dɔ to kadodo wɔwɔ kple ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe akpa bubuwo me. Kadodo aɖewo naa dzesiwo be woadze nuwɔna aɖe gɔme (excitatory) , gake kadodo bubuwo naa dzesiwo be woatɔ te nuwɔna aɖe (inhibitory) . Wotoa atike tɔxɛ siwo woyɔna be ahɔhɔ̃mekawo dzi ɖɔlia dzesi siawo . Aleke gbegbee wòloloe? Basal ganglia siawo katã ƒo ƒu xɔa teƒe si ade kubik sentimeta 10. Ema ƒe lolome anɔ abe fefenubɔl si wozãna edziedzi ene . Togbɔ be wole sue hã la, wowɔa dɔ geɖe, alo? Nukae wotsɔ wɔ woe? Togbɔ be ŋkɔ "basal ganglia" gblɔ be "ganglia" hã la, menye ganglia koe le wo me o, ke nuclei hã le wo me. Kpuie ko la:

• Nuclei: nye lãmekawo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo siwo wɔa dɔ ɖeka alo doa ka kple teƒe ɖeka ma ke le lãmekawo me.
• Ganglia: Lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe ƒuƒoƒo siwo do ƒome kple wo nɔewo eye wowɔa dɔ le mɔ ɖeka nu.

Lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi vevi evee nye nuclei kple ganglia siawo: 1. Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo: Esiawo nye lãmekawo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo. Ahɔhɔ̃meka siawo tsɔa nyatakakawo eye woɖɔlia dzesiwo le ahɔhɔ̃a kple lãmekawo me. Woate ŋu azã elektrik kple atike ƒe dzesiwo. Ahɔhɔ̃meka ƒe akpa veviwoe nye lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ŋutilã, axon didi si le abe atikutsetse ene si tsɔa dzesiwo, kple dendrite siwo le abe alɔdze ene siwo xɔa dzesiwo tso ahɔhɔ̃meka bubuwo gbɔ. Ametakpɔnu aɖe si woyɔna be myelin ƒo xlã axon aɖewo, si naa dzesiawo zɔna kabakaba. 2. Glial cells: Esiawo nye lãmenugbagbevi siwo kpena ɖe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ŋu eye wowɔa dɔ abe kpeɖeŋutɔ na wo ene. Togbɔ be wometsɔa dzesiwo abe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ene o hã la, glial lãmenugbagbevi siawo le vevie ŋutɔ na ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe tsitsi, wo dzi kpɔkpɔ, kple wo takpɔkpɔ. Wogblɔ be glial cells sɔ gbɔ abe zi gbɔ zi ewo ene wu ahɔhɔ̃mekawo le míaƒe lãmekawo me.

Dɔléle kawoe gblẽa nu le basal ganglia ŋu?

Nublanuitɔe la, atikewɔwɔ me nɔnɔme geɖe li siwo ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe akpa vevi sia dzi. Wo dometɔ aɖewoe nye:

• Numamewo
• Alzheimer ƒe dɔlélea
• Susu ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie ƒe dɔléle (ADHD) .
• Ahɔhɔ̃ me dɔdzẽ (kansa kple esiwo menye kansa o) .
• Aɖi si nye carbon monoxide ƒe aɖi
• Ta ƒe abixɔxɔ, vevietɔ ahɔhɔ̃ me abi siwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu vevie
• Ga kpekpewo (e.g. mercury , lead) alo aɖi bubuwo ɖuɖu (Heavy metal poisoning) .
• Dɔlékuiwo (vevietɔ dɔlékui siwo gblẽa nu le ahɔhɔ̃a ŋu, abe tagbɔdɔ ene) .
• Huntington ƒe dɔlélea
• Lewy ŋutilã ƒe tagbɔdɔléle
• Dɔléle si nye multiple sclerosis
• Parkinson ƒe dɔlélea
• Gbagbãdᴐ
• Tourette ƒe dɔlélea
• Wilson ƒe dɔlélea

Ðewohĩ xexlẽdzesi sia adze nu dziŋɔ aɖe, gake menye amesiamee xɔa dɔléle siawo katã o. Ele vevie be nànɔ ŋudzɔ.

Aleke nàwɔ anya ne kuxi aɖe le esiawo ŋu? (Dɔléle dzesi)

Dzesiawo ate ŋu ato vovo le nɔnɔme si gblẽa nu le basal ganglia ŋu nu. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, dzesi siwo wokpɔna le Parkinson ƒe dɔlélea me to vovo na dzesi siwo wokpɔna le aɖi si nye carbon monoxide me. Gake dzesi aɖewo siwo bɔ dometɔ aɖewoe nye:

• Dadasɔ kple nuwɔwɔ aduadu ƒe kuxiwo: Ewɔa nuku ne ele zɔzɔm, mate ŋu aɖu abɔ kple afɔwo dzi nyuie o.
• Lãmetsiwo ƒe gbɔdzɔgbɔdzɔ, woƒe sesẽ, alo woƒe ʋuʋu.
• Ʋuʋudedi.
• Nukpɔkpɔ ƒe kuxiwo.
• Nuƒoƒo si me mekɔ o.

Ne dzesi siawo dometɔ ɖeka alo esi wu nenema le ŋuwò la, ele vevie ŋutɔ be nàdi atikewɔlawo ƒe aɖaŋuɖoɖo enumake .

Aleke woawɔ akpɔ basal ganglia ƒe lãmesẽ?

Ne ɖɔkta aɖe susui be kuxi aɖe le basal ganglia ŋu la, woate ŋu awɔ dodokpɔ vovovowo atsɔ aɖo kpe edzi. Wo dometɔ aɖewoe nye:

• Ʋudodokpɔ: Esiawo ate ŋu ade dzesi nuwo abe dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe kuxiwo kple aɖinuwo (vevietɔ ga siwo le abe akɔbli, mercury, kple lifi ene).
• CT scan `(Kɔmpiuta dzi tomography - CT scan)`
• EEG dodokpɔ (elektroencephalogram - EEG) .
• EMG dodokpɔ (Elektromyogram - EMG) .
• Domenyiŋusẽfianu dodokpɔ
• MRI scan `(Magnetic resonance nɔnɔmetatawo - MRI)`
• Positron ƒe dodo ƒe tomography (PET scan) .

Nukawoe nye atikewɔwɔ na nɔnɔme siawo?

Dɔléle siwo gblẽa nu le basal ganglia ŋu ƒe atikewɔwɔ toa vovo le dɔlélea nu. Atike ɖeka aɖeke meli na dɔléle ɖesiaɖe o. Woate ŋu atsɔ atike ada dɔléle aɖewo. Ame bubuwo hã ate ŋu ahiã be woawɔ dɔ na wo alo awɔ dɔ tɔxɛ bubuwo na wo. Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, togbɔ be womate ŋu ada dɔlélea keŋkeŋ o hã la, woate ŋu azã atikewɔwɔ atsɔ aɖu dzesiawo dzi eye wòana agbea nanɔ bɔbɔe.

Aleke woawɔ ana basal ganglia nanɔ lãmesẽ me? (Mɔxexe ɖe enu) .

Togbɔ be míate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe dɔléle siwo katã gblẽa nu le basal ganglia ŋu o hã la, nanewo li míate ŋu awɔ atsɔ axe mɔ ɖe wo dometɔ geɖe nu. Le nyateƒe me la, nusi le vevie le afisiae nye be ahɔhɔ̃a kple ŋutilã bliboa nanɔ lãmesẽ me.

• Ðu nuɖuɖu si da sɔ: Vitamin kple mineral ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ ate ŋu agblẽ nu le ahɔhɔ̃ kple lãmekawo ŋu. Azɔ hã, wò nuɖuɖu ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe wò ʋu ƒe sisi ƒe lãmesẽ dzi. Dzitodzito kple ʋu ƒe sisi ƒe kuxiwo gbɔe nɔnɔmewo abe ʋusɔgbɔdɔ ene tsona.
• Nɔ kamedede me eye nàlé wò kpekpeme si le lãmesẽ me ɖe asi: Wò kpekpeme kple kamedede ate ŋu akpe ɖe ŋuwò nàxe mɔ ɖe dɔléle siwo gblẽa nu le ahɔhɔ̃a ŋu nu alo ahe wo ɖe megbe, vevietɔ ʋu ƒe sisi ƒe kuxiwo abe ʋusɔgbɔdɔ ene.
• Do ametakpɔnu ne ehiã: Ta ƒe abixɔxɔ, vevietɔ ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe ʋuʋu kple ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe abi si gblẽa nu le ame ŋu, ate ŋu agblẽ nu le basal ganglia kple ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe akpa bubuwo ŋu. Nuveviwɔame siawo ate ŋu anye esiwo nu sẽ eye woanɔ anyi ɖaa ɣeaɖewoɣi. Eyata ele vevie be woado ametakpɔnu abe gakuku ene le dɔwɔƒe, ne wole fefem, kple ne wole gasɔ dom.
• Dzra wò nɔnɔme siwo nɔa anyi didi gbɔ: Nɔnɔme siwo nɔa anyi didi abe suklidɔ kple ʋusɔgbɔdɔ ene ate ŋu agblẽ nu le ahɔhɔ̃a ŋu. Dɔléle siawo dada nyuie ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ŋu be woatɔ te woƒe gbegblẽ alo ahe wo ɖe megbe.

Mlɔeba la, nuka dzie wòle be míaɖo ŋkui! (Gbedasi si Wotsɔ Yi Aƒeme)

Basal ganglia nye míaƒe ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe akpa vevi aɖe ŋutɔ eye ŋusẽ le eŋu . Alesi wowɔa dɔe kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe míaƒe gbesiagbegbenɔnɔ ƒe akpa geɖe dzi – tso alesi míeʋunae dzi, va ɖo alesi míewɔa nyametsotsowo dzi, va ɖo alesi míesena le mía ɖokui me dzi. Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo gale nu geɖe srɔ̃m tso xɔtunu suesuesue siawo siwo gɔme sese sesẽ la ŋu. Esi wowɔ ŋgɔyiyi le atikewɔwɔ kple mɔ̃ɖaŋununya me ta la, ɖeko míaƒe gɔmesese le wo ŋu va le nyonyom ɖe edzi. Ne gɔmesese sia le dzidzim ɖe edzi la, ɖɔktawo ate ŋu adi mɔ yeye siwo dzi woato anya dɔléle siwo gblẽa nu le basal ganglia ŋu ahada wo.

Eyata mègaŋlɔ be o be beléle na wò ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe lãmesẽ bliboa hã akpe ɖe ŋuwò nàlé basal ganglia siawo ƒe lãmesẽ me ɖe asi! Agbenɔnɔ si me lãmesẽ le ye nye nu nyuitɔ kekeake.