Nukae nye dɔlékuiwo? Na míasrɔ̃ nu geɖe tso nuwɔwɔ sue siawo ŋu!

Ènya be nugbagbevi sue miliɔn geɖe ƒo xlã mí katã, kple míaƒe ŋutilã me, siwo míete ŋu kpɔna oa? Emae nye nusi dɔlékuiwo nye. Ðewo nyo, ɖewo nyea ame manyanuwo vie, si fia be woate ŋu ahe dɔlélewo vɛ. Mina míaƒo nu tso dɔlékui siawo katã ŋu tsitotsito egbea, enyoa?

Kpuie ko la, dɔlékuiwo nye nugbagbevi suesuesue siwo me lãmenugbagbevi ɖeka le. Míeyɔa dɔlékui ɖeka be ‘dɔlékui’. Dɔlékui ƒomevi vovovowo miliɔn geɖe, biliɔn geɖe gɔ̃ hã le xexeame ƒe afisiafi, le wò ŋutilã gɔ̃ hã me. Wole wò ŋutigbalẽ dzi, le wò ŋɔti me, le wò nu me, kpakple wò nuɖuɖumeŋusẽ, vidzidzi, kple aɖuɖɔtoe me. Bu eŋu kpɔ ko, dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo gblɔ be dɔlékui ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo sɔ gbɔ wu amegbetɔ ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo zi gbɔ zi ewo le míaƒe ŋutilã me! Ðe esia mewɔ nuku oa?

Nu nyui kae dɔlékuiwo wɔna na mí?

Menye dɔlékuiwo katãe gblẽ o. Dɔlékui ƒomevi aɖewo kpena ɖe mía ŋu ŋutɔ. Dɔlékui siawo siwo kpena ɖe ame ŋu la nɔa míaƒe ŋutigbalẽ kple míaƒe dɔgbo, si nye míaƒe nuɖuɖumeŋusẽ me wu. Míeyɔa wo be míaƒe dɔlékui siwo nɔa anyi, alo míaƒe ‘numiemie siwo nɔa anyi’, alo wò ‘microbiome’. Esiae nye nugbagbevi suesue siwo nɔa wò ŋutilã me kple edzi la ƒe habɔbɔ. Dɔlékui nyui siawo siwo le dɔgboa me kpena ɖe mía ŋu míexɔa nunyiamewo , míeɖua nuɖuɖu , eye míedzudzɔa dɔlékui gbegblẽwo ƒe tsitsi. Wole abe mía xɔlɔ̃ veviwo ene.

Afɔku kawoe le dɔlékuiwo ŋu?

Togbɔ be dɔlékui akpa gãtɔ megblẽa nu le ame ŋu o hã la, ƒomevi aɖewo ate ŋu ana nàdze dɔ. Míeyɔa dɔlékui ƒomevi siawo be ‘dɔlékuiwo ’. Dɔlékuiwo nye nugbagbevi suesue siwo ate ŋu ahe dɔléle vɛ. Woate ŋu adzi ɖe edzi kabakaba le wò ŋutilã me eye woawɔ aɖinuwo . Ɣemaɣie dɔlékui aɖe dzɔna.

Dɔlékui siwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu ƒe kpɔɖeŋu aɖewoe nye esi:

• Streptococcus : Dɔlékui si hea ŋɔti me dɔlékuiwo vɛ, si nye strep throat.
• Staphylococcus : Dɔlékui si hea staph dɔlékuiwo vɛ le ŋutigbalẽa me.
• Escherichia coli : Dɔlékui si hea E. coli dɔlékuiwo vɛ.

Dɔlékui siawo hã gbɔe aɖi si le ʋu me tsona vevie, si nye nɔnɔme si woyɔna be ``septiceemia.' ’ Esia dzɔna ne dɔlékuiwo ge ɖe wò ʋukawo me. Dɔlékui siwo le wò ʋukawo me ateŋu akaka eye woahe nɔnɔme sesẽ aɖe si woyɔna be ``sepsis'' vɛ. ’ Dɔlékuiwutike nye wò ŋutilã ƒe nuwɔwɔ wògbɔ eme ɖe dɔlékui aɖe si kaka ɖe wò ŋutilã katã me ŋu.

Dɔlékui siwo hea dɔlékuiwo ƒe kpɔɖeŋu bubuwoe nye:

• Aerococcus urinae: Dɔlékui si naa aɖuɖɔtoe me dɔlékuiwo.
• Chlamydia trachomatis : Dɔlékui si hea gbɔdɔdɔ ƒe dɔléle (STI) si woyɔna be chlamydia vɛ.
• Bordetella pertussis : Dɔlékui si hea kɔdzidɔ vɛ.

Woate ŋu atsɔ dɔlékuiwutikewo ada dɔlékui geɖe . Gake ne èno dɔlékuiwutikewo zi gbɔ zi geɖe la, anɔ eme be wò ŋutilã ate ŋu anɔ te ɖe wo nu. Azɔ hã, ne mèno dɔlékuiwutikeawo hena ɣeyiɣi bliboa alo abe alesi wò ɖɔkta gblɔ na wò ene tututu o la, anɔ eme be dɔlékuiwo ƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete adze ŋuwò.

Aleke woda dɔlékuiwo ɖe hatsotsowo me?

Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo zãa mɔnu vovovowo tsɔ dea dɔlékuiwo ƒe hatsotsowo me.

Le dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya ƒe ŋkɔ me

Mɔ ɖekae nye ŋkɔ si wotsɔ na wo le dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me. Ŋkɔ sia lɔ woƒe ``ƒomevi`` – ŋkɔ si wotsɔ na dɔlékuiawo le woƒe nɔnɔmewo nu – kple ``ƒomevi`` siwo le ƒome ma me ɖe eme. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me ŋkɔ si wotsɔ na dɔlékui siwo hea dɔlélea ``botulism`` enye ``Clostridium botulinum`` . Le lã ƒomevi ɖeka me gɔ̃ hã la, dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo ateŋu akpɔ ``ƒomevi`` vovovowo.

Le dɔlékuiawo ƒe nɔnɔme nu

Mɔ bubue nye to dɔlékuiawo ƒe nɔnɔme dzi. Dɔlékui ƒe nɔnɔme etɔ̃ koŋue li:

• Goglo alo bɔl ƒe nɔnɔme (`cocci ba CTE ria` - cocci dɔlékui) .
• Atikplɔ ƒe nɔnɔme alo ati si le abe ati ene (`bacilli`) .
• Nɔnɔme si le abe ʋuʋudedi alo ʋuʋudedi ene (`spirochetes`) .

Le oxygen ƒe hiahiã nu

Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo daa dɔlékuiwo ɖe hatsotsowo me le alesi wohiã ɔksidzin hafi ate ŋu anɔ agbe ahatsi nu.

• Woyɔa dɔlékui siwo hiã oxygen be ‘aerobes ’.
• Woyɔa dɔlékui siwo mate ŋu anɔ agbe alo atsi le oxygen ƒe anyinɔnɔ me o be ‘anaerobes ’.
• Dɔlékui aɖewo ate ŋu anɔ agbe ahatsi kple oxygen alo manɔmee. Woyɔa wo be ``facultative bacteria`` .

Le domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe wɔwɔme nu

Mɔ bubue nye be míalé ŋku ɖe dɔlékuiwo ƒe domenyiŋusẽfianu ŋu. Domenyiŋusẽfianu tɔxɛ aɖe le dɔlékui ɖesiaɖe si. Woyɔa esia be woƒe ‘domenyiŋusẽfianu’ . Dodokpɔ tɔxɛwo ate ŋu ade dzesi vovototo siwo le domenyiŋusẽfianu siawo me.

To Staining - Gram ƒe ɖiɖi

Esia nye nya vevi aɖe vie. Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo hã daa dɔlékuiwo ɖe hatsotsowo me le amadede si dona le esi wotsɔ atike tɔxɛwo (`stains`) ƒo ɖi wo vɔ megbe nu. Mɔnu ɖeka si wonya nyuie be woatsɔ aƒo ɖiee nye ``Gram staining`` . Esia dea dɔlékuiwo hatsotsowo me be ``gram- positive`` alo ``gram -negative``. Gram ƒe amadede sia hã kpena ɖe ame ŋu wònyaa atikewɔwɔ. Elabena dɔlékui siwo nye gram-positive kple gram-negative wɔa nu ɖe ​​dɔlékuiwutike aɖewo ŋu le mɔ vovovowo nu.

Nukae nye dɔlékui siwo ŋu Gram-positive le?

Wobua dɔlékuiwo ɖe hatsotso siwo nye gram-positive alo gram-negative me le amadede si wowɔna le Gram ƒe amadede aɖe dzi nu. Woƒe amadede to vovo elabena woƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe gliwo to vovo. ‘Nu nyui’ kple ‘vɔ̃ɖi’ mefia ‘nyui’ alo ‘vɔ̃ɖi’ o, ɖeko wofia nyui. Dɔlékui siwo ŋu gram-positive le dzena blɔ-aɖabɛ le Gram ƒe ɖi aɖe dzi.

Kpɔɖeŋu aɖewo:

• Corynebacterium (`Dɔlékui si woyɔna be Corynebacterium`) .
• Klostridium (`Klostridium`) .
• Listeria (`Nuŋlɔɖiwo`) .

Nukae nye dɔlékui siwo ƒe Gram-negative?

Gram-negative dɔlékuiwo dzena pink-red le Gram ƒe ɖi aɖe dzi. Wohea dɔlékui vovovowo vɛ wu dɔlékui siwo ŋu Gram-positive le. Ele be woatsɔ dɔlékuiwutike vovovowo hã ada wo.

Kpɔɖeŋu aɖewo:

• Pseudomonas (`Aʋatsodzixɔse`) .
• Proteus (`Proteus`) .
• Klebsiella ƒe ŋkɔ

Vovototo kae le dɔlékuiwo kple dɔlékuiwo dome?

Dɔlékuiwo kple dɔlékuiwo nye dɔlékui ƒomevi eve, alo nugbagbevi suesuewo. Wo ame evea siaa ate ŋu ahe dɔlékuiwo vɛ, eye ɣeaɖewoɣi la, dzesiawo ate ŋu asɔ. Gake dɔlékuiwo ƒe dɔlékuiwo kple dɔlékuiwo ƒe dɔdamɔnuawo to vovo kura.

Ðɔktawo zãa dɔlékuiwutikewo tsɔ daa dɔlékui aɖewo ƒe dɔlékuiwo. Gake dɔlékuiwutikewo mewɔa dɔ ɖe dɔlékuiwo dzi o. Ðɔktawo tsɔa dɔlékuiwutikewo daa dɔlékui aɖewo , gake dɔlékuiwutike mawo mewɔa dɔ le dɔlékui siwo dɔlékuiwo hena vɛ ŋu o. Esia gɔme sese le vevie ŋutɔ!

Nukawoe nye dɔlékui siwo te ŋu nɔa te ɖe dɔlékuiwutikewo nu?

Wò dɔlélenutsiŋutete ate ŋu awɔ avu kple dɔlékui aɖewo ahaɖu dzi. Gake ɣeaɖewoɣi la, ehiãna be nàno dɔlékuiwutike aɖe atsɔ ada dɔlékui ƒe dɔléle aɖe. Dɔlékuiwutikewo wɔa dɔ to dɔlékuiawo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe gli alo DNA tsɔtsrɔ̃ me .

Gake dɔlékuiwutikewo zazã fũ ate ŋu ahe kuxiwo vɛ le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe. Esia le alea elabena dɔlékui aɖewo va nɔa te ɖe dɔlékuiwutikewo nu.(`tsitretsitsi`). Emegbe eva sesẽna ŋutɔ be woada dɔlékui siwo ƒomevi yeyewo hena vɛ. Ɣesiaɣi si nèno dɔlékuiwutike aɖe la, mɔnukpɔkpɔ si li be dɔlékuiawo nasrɔ̃ alesi woatsi tre ɖe eŋu la dzina ɖe edzi.

Vevietɔ: Ele vevie be woano dɔlékuiwutike siwo ɖɔkta ŋlɔ na wò, le agbɔsɔsɔ si tututu woazã me kple ɣeyiɣi bliboa katã. Ne wotɔ te wo le afã me alo wono wo le agbɔsɔsɔ si bɔbɔ wu me la, mawu dɔlékuiawo keŋkeŋ o, eye amesiwo susɔ la ate ŋu anɔ te ɖe dɔlékuiwutikea nu.

Dɔlékui si te ŋu nɔa te ɖe dɔlékuiwutikewo nu ƒe kpɔɖeŋu nyui aɖee nye MRSA (Staphylococcus aureus si te ŋu nɔa te ɖe methicillin nu). Esia nye afɔku vie.

Aleke dɔlékuiwo kakanae?

Dɔlékui akpa gãtɔ dzia vi to mɔnu aɖe si woyɔna be ``binary fission.' ’ Kpuie ko la, dɔlékui ƒe lãmenugbagbevi ɖeka wɔa eƒe DNA la zi gbɔ zi eve eye emegbe wòmaa ɖe eve me. Lãmenugbagbevi yeye ɖesiaɖe xɔa DNA ƒe kɔpi. Ðeko wòle abe ɖeka zua eve, eve zua ene, kple bubuawo ene.

Ðe dɔlékuiwo nye prokaryotic alo eukaryotic?

``Nucleus`` mele dɔlékuiwo si o. Eyata woda wo ɖe hatsotso me be ``prokaryotes`` . Wonye nugbagbevi suesue siwo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe wɔwɔme le bɔbɔe ŋutɔ. ``Lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe gliwo`` le dɔlékuiwo si. Le lãmenugbagbevi ƒe gli me la, ne èlé ŋku ɖe lãmenugbagbevi ɖeka ƒe wɔwɔme ŋu la, ``cytoplasm`` , ``ribosomes`` kple DNA li. Le lãmenugbagbevi ƒe gli godo la, ``flagella`` ɖeka alo esi wu nenema ateŋu anɔ anyi. Flagella siawoe kpena ɖe dɔlékuiawo ŋu wozɔna.

Ðe dɔlékui ƒomevi aɖe li si ɖua plastik?

Ẽ, megawɔ nuku na wò o! Le ƒe 2016 me la, dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo aɖe si le Osaka, Japan, ke ɖe dɔlékui ƒomevi yeye aɖe ŋu. Wotsɔ ŋkɔ nɛ be ``Ideonella sakaiensis`` . Wokpɔ dɔlékui sia wònɔ aŋetuwo ɖum le teƒe aɖe si te ɖe dɔwɔƒe aɖe si wogbugbɔ zãa nu le ŋu!

Zi geɖe la, dɔlékuiwo ɖua nugbagbevi kukuwo. Gake dɔlékui sia ɖu aŋe ƒomevi aɖe si woyɔna be polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Zi geɖe la, wotsɔa PET plastic sia wɔa nuwo abe míaƒe tsinono ƒe aŋetuwo ene. Esi dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo gasrɔ̃ nu tso dɔlékui sia ŋu yi ŋgɔe la, wokpɔe be ewɔa nuɖuɖumeŋusẽ tɔxɛ eve siwo kpena ɖe eŋu wòɖua plastic.

PET plastic koe enzyme sia ɖua nu. Gake dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo le mɔ kpɔm be gbeɖeka la, dɔlékui siwo ɖua plastik abe esia ene ate ŋu akpe ɖe xexeame ƒe ɖiƒoƒo plastik ƒe kuxi gã la ŋu. Bu alesi gbegbe ema anye gãe ŋu kpɔ!

Eyata nu vevi kawo dzie wòle be míaɖo ŋkui tso ŋutinya sia me?

Enyo, míeƒo nu geɖe tso dɔlékuiwo ŋu fifia. Kpuie ko la, nusiwo dzi wòle be nàɖo ŋkui enye si:

• Dɔlékuiwo nye nugbagbevi suesuesue siwo le afisiafi eye míaƒe ŋkuwo mate ŋu akpɔ wo o.
• Dɔlékui ƒomevi akpa gãtɔ megblẽa nu le mía ŋu o. Wo dometɔ aɖewo ɖea vi na míaƒe ŋutilã ŋutɔ, vevietɔ le míaƒe dɔgbo me. Míeyɔa esiawo be míaƒe `microbiome`.
• Gake dɔlékui ƒomevi aɖewo (dɔlékuiwo) ate ŋu ahe dɔlékuiwo vɛ, siwo hiã be woawɔ atike na wo.
• Ðɔktawo ŋlɔa dɔlékuiwutikewo na dɔlékuiwo ƒe dɔlékui akpa gãtɔ.
• Nu vevitɔ kekeake: Ne èle dɔlékuiwutikewo zãm , wɔ ɖe wò ɖɔkta ƒe mɔfiamewo dzi pɛpɛpɛ. No wo hena ɣeyiɣi si sɔ eye nàno wo le agbɔsɔsɔ si sɔ me. Ne mèwɔe o la, dɔlékuiwo adze dɔlékuiwutikewo ƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete xɔxɔ gɔme. Ema nye kuxi gã aɖe.

Eyata, dɔlékuiwo nye míaƒe agbenɔnɔ ƒe akpa aɖe. Wo gɔmesese nyuie ate ŋu akpe ɖe mía ŋu geɖe le lãmesẽ me nɔnɔ me.

` Dɔlékuiwo, dɔlékuiwo, dɔlékuiwutikewo, nugbagbevi suesuesuewo, lãmesẽ, Gram ƒe ɖiƒoƒo, dɔlékuiwutikewo ƒe tsitretsitsi