Nukawoe nye lãmenugbagbevi siawo? (Stem Cells) Mina míakpɔe ɖa pɛpɛpɛ!

Èbu alesi wowɔ míaƒe ŋutilãe, kple alesi lãmenugbagbevi siawo wɔa wo ɖokui yeyee ne míele tsitsim ŋu kpɔa? Míaƒe ŋutilã nye nuwɔwɔ wɔnuku aɖe vavã. Nuwɔwɔ sia ƒe akpa vevi aɖe ŋutɔe nye lãmenugbagbevi siwo ŋu míele nu ƒom tsoe egbea, alo abe alesi ɖewohĩ miesee ene la, ``Stem Cells``.

Eyata nukawoe nye lãmenugbagbevi siawo?

Kpuie ko la, ne wò ŋutilã nye xɔ gã aɖe la, ke lãmenugbagbevi siawo le abe xɔ ma ƒe gɔmeɖoanyi ene. Lãmenugbagbevi siawo koe nye lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi si le míaƒe ŋutilã me, eye woate ŋu awɔ lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi bubu siwo wɔa dɔ aɖewo koŋ. Bu eŋu kpɔ ko, lãmenugbagbevi triliɔn geɖe le míaƒe ŋutilã me, eye lãmenugbagbevi siawo te ŋu wɔa lãmenugbagbevi tɔxɛ ƒomevi siwo wu 200. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, nuwo abe ʋumenugbagbeviwo, ƒumelãwo ene. Lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi ɖeka tua míaƒe ŋutilã bliboa ɖo gbã. Emegbe, lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi bubu, abe beléle na ƒuƒoƒo ene, dzraa míaƒe ŋutilã ƒe akpa vovovowo ɖo.

Aleke lãmenugbagbevi siawo wɔa dɔe?

Nu eve aɖewo li siwo lãmenugbagbeviwo wɔna siwo lãmenugbagbevi bubu aɖeke mate ŋu awɔ o.

• Nu gbãtɔe nye be woate ŋu ayi edzi anɔ mamam ahanɔ wo ɖokui ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo wɔm pɛpɛpɛ. Lãmenugbagbevi siwo sɔ hã ma, gake woƒe agbenɔƒe seɖoƒe li na. Gake lãmenugbagbeviwo mewɔa esia o, woate ŋu ayi edzi anɔ wo ɖokui yeye wɔm.
• Nu eveliae nye be woawo koe ate ŋu awɔ lãmenugbagbevi tɔxɛwo (siwo to vovo). Eyae nye be ne lãmenugbagbevi aɖe gblẽ la, woate ŋu awɔ lãmenugbagbevi yeyewo atsɔ aɖo eteƒe. Esia nye ŋutete vevi aɖe ŋutɔ. Kpɔɖeŋu ʋɛ aɖewoe nye esi:
• Ƒomevi si woyɔna be ``Hematopoietic stem cells'' (woyɔna abe 'he-ma-to-poy-ee-tik'') kpena ɖe míaƒe ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩwo (lãmenugbagbevi dzĩwo, lãmenugbagbevi ɣiwo) kple dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo wɔwɔ ŋu.
• Basal stem cells kpena ɖe míaƒe ŋutigbalẽ ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu , wohiã na ŋutigbalẽ ƒe yeyewɔwɔ kple abi ƒe dɔyɔyɔ.
• Mesenchymal stem cells (si woyɔna be ‘me-sen-ky-mal’) kpena ɖe ame ŋu be woatu nuwo abe ƒu, ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ, lãmeka, kple ami ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ene ɖo.

Nukatae lãmenugbagbevi siawo le vevie nenema gbegbe ɖo?

Menye ɖeko lãmenugbagbeviwo le vevie na míaƒe ŋutilã tutuɖo kple edzikpɔkpɔ ko o. Gawu la, wole vevie na atikewɔwɔ ŋuti numekuku. Numekulawo srɔ̃a nu tso lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu le susu vevi geɖe ta:

• Se alesi dɔlélewo dzɔnae gɔme: Numekulawo le lãmenugbagbevi siwo tso lãmenugbagbevi kple ŋutinu vovovowo me tsim. Ne wokpɔ alesi lãmenugbagbevi siawo trɔna ne wole tsitsim la, woate ŋu ase alesi dɔlélewo abe suklidɔ , dzidɔ , kple ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie dzea egɔmee hetsina le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ɖoɖo nu gɔme nyuie wu.
• Nyanya nenye be woate ŋu azã lãmenugbagbeviwo atsɔ aɖɔli lãmenugbagbevi siwo gblẽ alo esiwo mele lãmesẽ me o: Esia nye mɔkpɔkpɔ gãtɔ kekeake siwo le lãmenugbagbeviwo si la dometɔ ɖeka. Numekulawo le alesi woate ŋu azã lãmenugbagbeviwo atsɔ ato vovo azu lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi vovovowo ahada nusiwo gblẽ alo dɔléle le ŋutilã ƒe akpa aɖe koŋ la me dzrom. Bu eŋu kpɔ be gbeɖeka woate ŋu azã lãmenugbagbeviwo atsɔ aɖɔli ŋutigbalẽ si dzobibi vevie gblẽ, atsɔ aɖɔ abi si woxɔ le aklã ƒe akpa aɖe ɖo, alo ada nɔnɔmewo abe Parkinson ƒe dɔléle ene .
• Do atike yeyewo kple atikewɔmɔnu yeyewo kpɔ: Numekulawo zãa lãmenugbagbeviwo tsɔ dia atike siwo ate ŋu awɔ dɔ nyuie wu na dɔléle aɖewo. Ne wozã lãmenugbagbevi siwo ŋu wotrɔ asi le etɔxɛe (le kpɔɖeŋu me, lãmenugbagbevi siwo ƒe domenyiŋusẽfianu wotrɔ asi le be dɔléle aɖe koŋ nanɔ wo ŋu) la, woate ŋu anya ne atike la wɔa dɔ, mele dedie o, eye eƒe nugbegblẽ le ame ŋu hafi woatsɔe ana amewo le dɔdamɔnu dodokpɔwo me. Esia ate ŋu aɖe ɣeyiɣi kple ga si woatsɔ adi atike yeyewo hã dzi akpɔtɔ.

Nukawoe nye lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi veviwo?

Ðɔktawo daa lãmenugbagbeviwo ɖe hatsotsowo me le woƒe dzɔtsoƒe alo woƒe dɔwɔwɔ nu. Gake anɔ eme be ame akpa gãtɔ se nu tso hatsotso si wotu ɖe hatsotsowo me le afisi wokpɔe tsoe nu ŋu. Mina míalé ŋku ɖe ƒomevi veviawo ŋu:

• Fugboe (pluripotent) stem cells: Ŋusẽ wɔnuku aɖe le lãmenugbagbevi siawo ŋu be woazu lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi ɖesiaɖe. Ema fia be ŋutigbalẽ me lãmenugbagbeviwo, dzitodzito me lãmenugbagbeviwo, ahɔhɔ̃ me lãmenugbagbeviwo, nusianu! 'Pluri' gɔmee nye 'ame geɖe'. ‘Ŋusẽ’ tso Latingbe me nya si gɔmee nye ‘ŋutete’ me. Atikewɔwɔ ŋuti numekulawo xɔa fugboe ƒe lãmenugbagbevi siawo tso ka me ʋu si wona me alo tso fugboe siwo wona hena numekuku to vidzidzi le vitro me.

Vevietɔ: Woƒo nu tso nukpɔsusu vovovowo kple agbenyuinɔnɔ ŋuti nya vovovowo ŋu le xexeame godoo ku ɖe fugboe ƒe lãmenugbagbevi siawo nuƒoƒoƒu kple wo zazã ŋu. Eyata wozãa wo kple ŋuɖɔɖɔɖo gã aɖe eye wowɔa wo ɖe ɖoɖo sesẽwo nu ko.

• Lãmenugbagbevi siwo ku ɖe lãmenugbagbevi tɔxɛwo ŋu (siwo ŋu ŋusẽ geɖe le alo esiwo ŋu ŋusẽ mele o): Lãmenugbagbevi siawo ate ŋu awɔ lãmenugbagbevi yeyewo hã, gake lãmenugbagbevi siwo ku ɖe lãmenugbagbevi siwo me wole ŋu koŋ koe.Eyae nye be wole etɔxɛ vie wu. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, lãmenugbagbevi siwo wɔa ʋu le wò ƒumeŋuɖui me ate ŋu awɔ ʋumenugbagbevi yeyewo kple ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩwo. Gake womate ŋu awɔ lãmenugbagbevi yeyewo le lãkusi alo aklã me o. Numekulawo xɔa lãmenugbagbevi siawo tso lãkusi siwo ame tsitsiwo tsɔ na (le wo dzidzi megbe) me.
• Lãmenugbagbevi siwo ŋu ŋusẽ geɖe le siwo wodo ɖa (iPS lãmenugbagbeviwo alo iPSCs):Esiawo nye nu wɔnuku siwo ŋu woke ɖo le egbegbe dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me la dometɔ aɖewo. Esiawo nye lãmenugbagbevi siwo wowɔna le dodokpɔxɔ me. Woxɔa ame tsitsiwo ƒe lãmenugbagbevi siwo sɔ (abe ŋutigbalẽ me lãmenugbagbeviwo ene) eye wotrɔa asi le woƒe domenyiŋusẽfianu ŋu be woawɔ nu abe fugboe ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ene, eye woate ŋu azu lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi ɖesiaɖe. ``(iPS)`` lãmenugbagbevi siawo kpe ɖe wo ŋu woƒo asa na agbenyuinɔnɔ ƒe nya geɖe siwo do mo ɖa le fugboe ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo zazã me. Atikewɔwɔ ŋuti numekulawo zãa lãmenugbagbevi siawo tsɔ srɔ̃a nu tso alesi lãmekawo tsinae, alesi dɔlélewo kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe lãmekawo dzii, eye wodoa atike kple atike yeyewo kpɔna.

Aleke numekulawo wɔa dɔ kple lãmenugbagbevi siawo?

Zi geɖe la, dɔ sia dzea egɔme tso ame tsitsiwo ƒe lãmenugbagbevi siwo wotsɔ na dzi. Alo abe lãmenugbagbevi siwo ŋu ŋusẽ geɖe le siwo wodo ɖa siwo ŋu míeƒo nu tsoe va yi ene la, kple lãmenugbagbevi siwo sɔ. Emegbe numekulawo tsia lãmenugbagbevi siawo ƒe miliɔn geɖe ɖe nunyiame tɔxɛ aɖe me le dodokpɔxɔa me. Woƒe taɖodzinue nye be yewoana lãmenugbagbevi gbãtɔ siawo nazu lãmenugbagbevi tɔxɛ siwo wodi (e.g., dzitodzito me lãmeka ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo, lãmeka ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo). Wozãa atikewo ƒe dzesi vovovowo kple tsitsinu vovovowo tsɔ wɔa esia.

Aleke ɖɔktawo zãa lãmenugbagbeviwo tsɔ daa dɔlélewoe?

Ðɔktawo le lãmenugbagbeviwo zãm dzidzedzetɔe xoxo tsɔ le atikewɔwɔ me dɔléle aɖewo dam.

• Ƒumeŋuɖui Dodo : Esiae nye lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔdamɔnu si ame geɖe lɔ̃a zazã wu eye wòkpɔa dzidzedze wu . Ðɔktawo ate ŋu azã ame tsitsiwo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo atsɔ aɖɔli ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe lãmenugbagbevi siwo gblẽ alo esiwo mesɔ o. Wozãa esiawo tsɔ daa nɔnɔmewo abe:
• Ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ ƒomeviwo: Ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ, ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ, kple ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ si menye Hodgkin o. Zi geɖe la, ehiãna be woado lãmenugbagbeviwo na amesiwo ŋu dɔléle siawo le ne wodo atike alo keklẽŋusẽdɔdamɔnu si sɔ gbɔ be woatsɔ awu kansadɔlékui siwo le woƒe ƒumeŋuɖui me vɔ.
• Ʋu ƒe dɔlélewo: Domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe dɔlélewo abe sickle cell anemia kple thalassemia ene.
• Aplastic Anemia: Nɔnɔme si me ƒumeŋuɖui mewɔa ʋumenugbagbevi siwo sɔ gbɔ o.
• Ƒu ƒe gbagbã kple ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ: Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, ɖɔktawo zãa ƒumeŋuɖui siwo wotsɔa lãmenugbagbevi siwo woɖe tso lãmenugbagbevi siwo wotsɔ na kple nu bubuwo me tsɔ daa ƒu ƒe gbagbãwo. Azɔ hã, wole numekuku wɔm le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dodo ŋu be ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ gblẽ le ƒunukpeƒewo abe klo ene ŋu hã.

Ðe ɖɔktawo azã fugboe ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo gbeɖekaa?

Ẽ, ɣeaɖewoɣi la, ɖɔktawo zãa lãmenugbagbevi siwo tso ka me ʋu si wona me tsɔ daa ʋu ƒe dɔlélewo, vevietɔ le ɖeviwo gome. Lãmenugbagbevi siwo ɖi fugboe ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo, gake wole etɔxɛ wu la le ka me ʋu me. (Ka me ʋu nye ʋu si nɔa vidzidɔa me kple vidzidɔ me le vidzĩ dzidzi vɔ megbe.) Atikewɔwɔ sia si wozãna kple ka me ʋu si wona lae nye fugboe ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔdamɔnu ɖeka kolia si dzi U.S. Nuɖuɖu Kple Atike Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe (FDA) da asi ɖo.

Afikae lãmenugbagbevi siawo le le míaƒe ŋutilã me?

Lãmenugbagbeviwo le wò ŋutilã katã me, gake lãmenugbagbevi siwo le lãmenugbagbevi ma koŋ ŋu la le lãkusi vovovowo me. Wole wò ƒumeŋuɖui (esiae nye dzɔtsoƒe gãtɔ kekeake), ahɔhɔ̃, ʋukawo, ƒuƒoƒo si le wò ŋutigbalẽ te, lãmekawo, aklã, kple dzi me koŋ . Gake ne èle tsitsim la, lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe xexlẽme kple woƒe dɔwɔwɔ ate ŋu aɖe akpɔtɔ.

Dɔléle kawoe bɔ siwo gblẽa nu le lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu?

Wò ƒumeŋuɖui – lãkusi falɛfalɛ si le abe ƒumeŋuɖui ene le ƒu aɖewo me – ye nye afisi wowɔa lãmenugbagbevi siwo zua ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩwo (lãmenugbagbevi dzĩwo, lãmenugbagbevi ɣiwo) kple ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩwo le. Ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩwo tsɔa ɔksidzin yia ŋutilã bliboa me. Ʋumenugbagbevi ɣiwo wɔa avu kple dɔlékuiwo. Ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩwo kpɔa ʋu si dona le lãme na ame dzi. Eyata nusianu si akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe wò ƒumeŋuɖui dzi ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ʋumenugbagbevi siawo siwo wɔa ʋu dzi tẽ. Nɔnɔme siwo bɔ siwo gblẽa nu le lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu dometɔ aɖewoe nye:

• Aplastic Ʋusɔgbɔdɔ
• Myeloproliferative disorders (esiawo nye nɔnɔme siwo me lãmenugbagbevi siwo le ƒumeŋuɖui me dzina fũ akpa) .
• Lymphoma (kansa si le ʋukawo me, gake ate ŋu agblẽ nu le ƒumeŋuɖui hã ŋu) .
• Ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ (ʋumekansa si dzea egɔme tẽ tso lãmenugbagbevi siwo le ƒumeŋuɖui me) .

Aleke mawɔ ana nye lãmenugbagbeviwo nanɔ lãmesẽ me?

Mɔ aɖeke meli si ŋu kpeɖodzi le si dzi woato awɔ lãmenugbagbevi siwo le lãmesẽ me ahalé wo me ɖe asi o, elabena woƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe akpa gãtɔ tso domenyiŋusẽfianu kple tsitsi gbɔ. Gake lãmesẽnyawo katã ƒe nɔnɔme nyuiwo dzi wɔwɔ ate ŋu aɖe vi na míaƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo katã le mɔ si mele tẽ o nu, eye lãmenugbagbeviwo hã le eme:

• Ƒo nuɖuɖu si da sɔ: Tsɔ protein si me ami mele o, amagbe, atikutsetse, kple nuku gbogbo aɖewo kpe ɖe eŋu. Nuɖuɖu siwo me antioxidants sɔ gbɔ ɖo (blueberries, strawberry, amagbe dama viviwo) ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ŋu woakpɔ lãmenugbagbeviwo ta tso nusiwo agblẽ le wo ŋu me.
• Ƒo asa na atamanono kple atamanono keŋkeŋ: Atama nye futɔ gã aɖe si gblẽa nu le lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu, enaa kansa xɔxɔ ƒe afɔkua dzina ɖe edzi, eye wògblẽa nu le DNA ŋu.
• Ne ènoa aha sesẽ la, ke ɖo seɖoƒe na agbɔsɔsɔ si woano:Amerikatɔwo ƒe Dɔdzẽ Habɔbɔ ƒe mɔfiamewo gblɔ be ne èno aha la, mele be ŋutsuwo nano aha wu zi eve gbesiagbe eye nyɔnuwo hã nano aha wu zi ɖeka gbesiagbe o.
• Takpɔ wò ŋutigbalẽ ta tso keklẽ si me keklẽŋusẽ le me, eɖanye tso ɣe alo abati siwo dzi woɖea ŋutigbalẽ le o: Kekeli si me keklẽŋusẽ le ate ŋu agblẽ nu le ŋutigbalẽ ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo hã ŋu eye wòahe kansa vɛ.
• Ƒo nu kple wò ɖɔkta tso atike siwo woatsɔ akpɔ ame ta tso dɔlékuiwo si me ŋu. Dɔlékui aɖewo ƒe dɔléle (e.g. aklãdɔ) ate ŋu agblẽ nu le lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu ɣeyiɣi didi.
• Dzra wò nuteɖeamedzi dzi: Nuteɖeamedzi ɣeyiɣi didi gblẽa nu le ŋutilãa ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu. Àte ŋu aɖe nuteɖeamedzi dzi akpɔtɔ to nuwo abe kamedede, ŋugbledede, kple ɖiɖiɖeme ene me.
• Dɔ alɔ̃ nyuie: Le alɔ̃ me hafi ŋutilãa ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ɖɔa wo ɖokui ɖo.

Ðe mate ŋu adzi nye lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe xexlẽme ɖe edzi le dzɔdzɔme nua?

Ðewohĩ èxlẽ be vitamin aɖewo (abe vitamin D kple B12 ene) nono alo kpeɖeŋutɔ aɖewo nono ate ŋu ana lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãmesẽ nanyo ɖe edzi alo ana lãmenugbagbeviwo nadzi ɖe edzi. Numekulawo gale nu srɔ̃m tso ƒomedodo si le vitamin aɖewo kple lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãmesẽ dome ŋu. Gake womenya haɖe nenye be vitaminwo ɖeɖe dzaa nono alo nuɖuɖu aɖewo koŋ ɖuɖu ate ŋu ana lãmenugbagbeviwo nadzi ɖe edzi o. Nu nyuitɔ si nàwɔe nye be nàɖu nuɖuɖu si da sɔ eye nàlé agbe nyui nɔnɔ me ɖe asi.

Eyata nukae nye gbedasi si woatsɔ ayi aƒemee na mí tso ŋutinya sia me?

Enyo, eyata le nusi ŋu míeƒo nu tsoe nu la, edze ƒã be alesi gbegbe lãmenugbagbeviwo wɔ nuku eye wole vevie le míaƒe ŋutilã me. Bu eŋu kpɔ ko, lãmenugbagbevi triliɔn geɖe le míaƒe ŋutilã me. Le wo dome la, lãmenugbagbeviwo le etɔxɛ elabena woawo koe nye lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi si ate ŋu awɔ wo ɖokui ƒe kɔpiwo tegbee eye woawɔ lãmenugbagbevi tɔxɛ siwo ate ŋu adzra lãmenugbagbevi siwo gblẽ ɖo.

Ðɔktawo zãa lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔdamɔnu xoxo tsɔ kpɔa dɔlélewo abe ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ kple ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ ene gbɔ hedaa wo ɣeaɖewoɣi. Atikewɔlawo xɔe se be ŋutete le lãmenugbagbevi siawo ŋu be woada dɔléle sesẽ bubu geɖewo eye ɖewohĩ woada wo (e.g., dzidɔ, suklidɔ, Parkinson ƒe dɔléle, lãmetutudɔ). Eyata numekuku le go sia me yi edzi, eye wòle abla ɖem kabakaba.

Eyata, mele mɔ kpɔm be èse lãmenugbagbeviwo gɔme nyuie. Ne míenya atikewɔwɔ ŋuti dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya alea la, ekpena ɖe mía ŋu míebua míaƒe lãmesẽ ŋu geɖe wu, alo? Elabena, sidzedzee nye ametakpɔnu nyuitɔ kekeake!