Mina míasrɔ̃ nu tso FISH dodokpɔ (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization) si ɖea wò domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe nya ɣaɣlawo fiana ŋu!

Èse ‘FISH dodokpɔ’ (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Test) sia ŋkɔ kpɔa? Ðewohĩ wò ɖɔkta bia tso wò alo ame aɖe si nènya si be nàwɔ dodokpɔ sia. Togbɔ be aɖi nya sesẽ vie hã la, enye dodokpɔ vevi aɖe ŋutɔ si ate ŋu ade dzesi nu geɖe le míaƒe ŋutilã me. Eyata egbea, mina míaƒo nu tso nusi FISH dodokpɔ sia nye, nusi wòwɔna, kple alesi wowɔe le mɔ bɔbɔe aɖe si gɔme nàte ŋu ase nu.

Nukae nye FISH dodokpɔ sia (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization)?

Kpuie ko la, FISH nye domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe dodokpɔ. Dɔléleŋutinunyala siwo nye ɖɔkta siwo bi ɖe dɔlélewo didi me , zãa mɔnu sia tsɔ dea dzesi dɔléle siwo tso tɔtrɔ siwo vaa nu suesuesue siwo woyɔna be domenyiŋusẽfianu siwo le míaƒe ŋutilã me gbɔ. Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, dodokpɔ sia ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ŋu hã be woade dzesi domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe tɔtrɔ siwo woate ŋu ada na dɔlélewo abe kansa ene.

Bu eŋu ale: míaƒe domenyiŋusẽfianuwo le abe mɔfiamegbalẽ na míaƒe ŋutilã ene. Mɔfiamegbalẽ sia gblɔ alesi nusianu si le míaƒe ŋutilã me wɔa dɔe na mí. Domenyiŋusẽfianu siawo le wɔwɔme siwo woyɔna be chromosomes, siwo le abe ka ene me. Eyata nukae adzɔ ne woɖe nya aɖewo siwo le mɔfiamegbalẽ sia me, si nye míaƒe DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) , ɖa, alo ne nyawo sɔ gbɔ akpa, alo ne wotrɔ nya aɖewo? Míaƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo xɔa mɔfiame siwo mesɔ o. To mɔ sia dzi la, woate ŋu abu nyatakakawo (atutu), awɔ kɔpi na wo wu alesi wòhiã (amplification), alo aʋuʋui (translocation). Tɔtrɔ siawo ate ŋu atrɔ alesi míaƒe ŋutilã wɔa dɔe eye wòahe dɔlélewo abe kansa ene vɛ.

Eyata, nusi FISH dodokpɔ sia wɔna enye be, ele abe nuŋlɔti siwo le amadede vovovowo me zazã atsɔ "ade ama" domenyiŋusẽfianu alo domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe akpa aɖewo koŋ ene. Emegbe, ɖɔkta bibi mawo ate ŋu ake ɖe akpa siwo wohiã be woatsɔ anya dɔlélewo ŋu bɔbɔe ne wolé ŋku ɖe wo ŋu le nusuekpɔmɔ̃ me. Ne ètsɔ nusuekpɔmɔ̃ lé ŋku ɖe amadede sia ŋu la, edzena abe akaɖi siwo le amadede vovovowo me ene.

Nukae woate ŋu ade dzesii to FISH dodokpɔa me?

Ekema ɖewohĩ ànɔ ɖokuiwò biam be, nuka tututue woate ŋu akpɔ le FISH dodokpɔ sia me? Nu veviawoe nye:

• De dzesi domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe tɔtrɔ gãwo le kansa me. Ne ɖɔktawo zã nyatakaka siawo la, woate ŋu anya kansa ƒomevi si le eŋu nyuie eye woatia atike nyuitɔ kekeake si woatsɔ adae.
• Kpɔe ɖa be domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe tɔtrɔ aɖeke mele eŋu hafi woadzi vidzĩ (do ŋgɔ na vidzidzi) alo le edzidzi megbe hã. Esia kpena ɖe ame ŋu wòdea dzesi domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe nɔnɔme aɖewo kaba.
• Vidzidzi le vitro (IVF) bia be woado fugboea kpɔ be domenyiŋusẽfianu mesɔ o hã hafi woatsɔe ade vidadaa ƒe vidzidɔ me (domenyiŋusẽfianu dodokpɔ do ŋgɔ na fugboea dodo).

Aleke FISH dodokpɔ sia wɔa dɔe?

Enyo, azɔ mina míakpɔ nusi nya ɣaɣla sue la nye le alesi FISH dodokpɔ sia wɔa dɔe ŋu.

Megblɔ va yi be míaƒe DNA le abe mɔfiamegbalẽ gã aɖe ene. Eyata FISH dodokpɔ sia le abe alesi wotsɔ amadede tɔxɛ aɖe si me keklẽ le la te gbe ɖe mɔfiamegbalẽ ma ƒe akpa vevitɔwo dzi ene. Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo wɔa "amadede ƒe amadede," alo "nukpɔmɔ̃" sia to dzesi siwo me keklẽ le dede DNA la ŋutɔ ŋu me.

Míaƒe DNA nye ka eve siwo sɔ ɖe wo nɔewo nu, abe zip ƒe aɖuwo ene. Nusi dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo wɔna enye be, womaa ka eve siawo dome gbã to nusi wotsɔ dzroa nu me si wowɔ, kple DNA si le kpɔɖeŋu si wodi be yewoado kpɔ la zazã me. Wowɔa numekuku sia be wòasɔ kple DNA ƒe ɖoɖo si dim wole, si fia be nyagbe si tututu dim wole le mɔfiamegbalẽa me.

Emegbe, wotsakaa numekukumɔ̃ siawo siwo wodzra ɖo la kple DNA ƒe kpɔɖeŋu si woɖe tso ŋutilã ƒe lãkusi alo tsi aɖe me (woyɔa esia be taɖodzinu). Emegbe ne numekuku ma yi ɖakpɔ DNA kakɛ aɖe si me nyagbɔgblɔ si dim wòle la le la, alé ɖe eŋu (hybridize). Le dzesidenu mawo siwo le keklẽm ta la, DNA kakɛ ma aklẽ le amadede dzeani aɖe me. Ne dɔléleŋutinunyala la tsɔ nusuekpɔmɔ̃ tɔxɛ aɖe lé ŋku ɖe eŋu la, teƒe siawo siwo le keklẽm la adze nyuie. Ekema ate ŋu ase ne nyatakaka siwo ku ɖe nyaa ŋu la le afima kple alesi gbegbe wole afima gɔme. Ðe mewɔ nuku oa?

Domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe tɔtrɔ siwo woate ŋu ade dzesii to FISH dodokpɔ me

Dɔléleŋutinunyalawo ate ŋu azã FISH dodokpɔ sia atsɔ alé ŋku ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu be domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe tɔtrɔ siwo wonya be ehea dɔlélewo abe kansa ene vɛ hã. Ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ŋu ɣeaɖewoɣi be woaɖo kpe karyotyping dodokpɔ si nye domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe dodokpɔ me tsonu dzi alo ana eme nakɔ . Tɔtrɔ tɔxɛ siwo FISH dodokpɔ ate ŋu akpɔ la dometɔ aɖewoe nye esi:

• Amplification: Esia nye ne domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe kɔpiwo sɔ gbɔ wu alesi wokpɔ mɔe. Ele abe fotokɔpi wɔwɔ le afisi nèdi be yeawɔ fotokɔpi le ene. Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo ate ŋu azã FISH atsɔ akpɔ domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe kɔpi agbɔsɔsɔme si le eme wu alesi wokpɔ mɔe.
• Translocations/rearrangements: Esia nye ne wotsɔ domenyiŋusẽfianu alo domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe akpa aɖe yi teƒe bubu wu alesi wòle be wòanɔ. Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo ate ŋu azã nudzidzenu eve siwo le amadede vovovowo me atsɔ ade dzesi esia. Le domenyiŋusẽfianu si sɔ me la, ele be nusiwo wotsɔna dzroa nu me siawo ƒe amadede eveawo nadze abe ɖe wogogo wo nɔewo ene. Gake ne teƒea trɔ la, amadede eveawo adze le wo nɔewo gbɔ didi.
• Deletions: Abe translocations ene la, dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo zãa nusiwo wu ɖeka tsɔ dia teƒe siwo nyatakakawo bu le DNA me. Nukpɔmɔ̃ aɖewo alé ɖe DNA si le kpɔɖeŋua me ŋu, gake bubuwo malé ɖe afisi wòle be woalé ɖe eŋu le o. Ɣemaɣie wonya be nyatakaka aɖewo bu (wotutu) le teƒe ma.

Dɔléle siwo woate ŋu akpɔ to FISH dodokpɔa dzi

Ðɔktawo ate ŋu azã FISH dodokpɔa atsɔ ade dzesi domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe tɔtrɔ siwo ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ŋu woakpɔ dɔlélewo abe:

• Lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe dɔléle
• Ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ sesẽ, ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ si nɔa anyi didi, kple ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ ƒomevi bubuwo
• Multiple myeloma ƒe dɔléle
• Tsinyegoe me kansa
• Glioma (ahɔhɔ̃mekansa ƒomevi aɖe) .
• Mesothelioma (aɖuɖɔtoemekansa) .
• HER2 ƒe dzidziɖedzi (esia dzena zi geɖe le no me dɔdzẽ me, gake woate ŋu akpɔe le dɔgbo kple lãkusi me dɔdzẽ hã me) .
• MET ƒe dzidziɖedzi (esia dzena zi geɖe le lãkusi, dɔgbo, kple nuɖuɖutome kansa me) .
• MYCN ƒe dzidziɖedzi (le kansa ƒomevi aɖe si woyɔna be Neuroblastoma me) .
• Le lãmenugbagbevi siwo menye lãmenugbagbevi suewo o ƒe lãkusi me dɔdzẽ me la , domenyiŋusẽfianu siwo nye ALK, RET, kple ROS1 ƒe gbugbɔgaɖoɖo/wo ƒe tsakatsaka dzɔna. Domenyiŋusẽfianu siawo siwo nye ALK, RET, alo ROS1 ate ŋu awɔ ɖeka kple domenyiŋusẽfianu bubu atsɔ ahe kansa vɛ.

Aleke mawɔ adzra ɖo ɖe FISH dodokpɔ ŋu?

Alesi nàdzra ɖo ɖe FISH dodokpɔ ŋu la nɔ te ɖe kpɔɖeŋu si ƒomevi wò ɖɔkta axɔ le asiwò dzi.

• Le dodokpɔ wɔwɔ do ŋgɔ na vidzidzi gome: Wò ɖɔkta awɔ dodokpɔ tɔxɛ aɖe si woyɔna be amniocentesis .
• Le domenyiŋusẽfianu dodokpɔ do ŋgɔ na fugboe dodo (PGD alo PGS): Woɖea lãmenugbagbevi sue aɖe tso fugboe geɖe me hena dodokpɔ. Zi geɖe la, wowɔa esia le azigolo ɖeɖe vɔ megbe ŋkeke ʋɛ aɖewo.
• Ne wò ɖɔkta susui be dɔléle aɖe le ye alo viwò ŋu si tso domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie alo domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe tɔtrɔ gbɔ: Woate ŋu atsɔ ʋudodokpɔ bɔbɔe aɖe akpɔ esia .
• Be nàde dzesi kansa alo domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe tɔtrɔ le kansa lãmenugbagbeviwo me (molecular testing): Ahiã be woawɔ biopsy (tumor alo bone marrow biopsy) , si nye lãmenugbagbeviwo alo ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe kpɔɖeŋu.
• Be woakpɔ tsinyegoe me dɔdzẽ alo alé ŋku ɖe eŋu: Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, wowɔa FISH dodokpɔ le aɖuɖɔtoe me .

Le dodokpɔ siawo dome la, zi geɖe la, ŋutilã ƒe akpa aɖewo ɖeɖe koe hiã be woadzra ɖo etɔxɛe. Esi wònye be wozãa atike si naa alɔ̃dɔdɔ ame ƒe ŋutilã ƒe akpa gãtɔ ta la, ele be nàwɔ ɖe wò ɖɔkta ƒe mɔfiame siwo ku ɖe alesi nàdzra ɖoe ŋu dzi.

Aleke dɔléleŋutinunyalawo wɔa FISH dodokpɔ siae?

Le FISH dodokpɔ gome la, dɔléleŋutinunyala alo nudokpɔƒe ƒe mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔla zɔna ɖe afɔɖeɖe siawo dzi:

1. Probe(s) wɔwɔ: Le esia me la, wotiaa DNA kakɛ siwo sɔ kple DNA ƒe ɖoɖo si dim wole. Emegbe, wotsoa nu suesuesuewo le DNA ma me eye wotsɔa fluorescent-dzesiwo kpena ɖe eŋu.

2. Denaturation of the probe and target: Esia fia kadodo eve siwo le probe kple DNA ƒe kpɔɖeŋu si wodo kpɔ dome ƒe mama.

3. Hybridization: Ne wotsaka probes kple DNA ƒe kpɔɖeŋu si woɖe tso ŋutilã ƒe lãkusi alo tsi me la, probes la léna ɖe DNA ƒe ɖoɖo si dim wole ŋu.

4. 4. .Nusiwo do tso eme me dzodzro: Wozãa nusuekpɔmɔ̃ tɔxɛ aɖe si me keklẽŋusẽ le tsɔ kpɔa afisi dzesiawo klẽna le le kpɔɖeŋua me.

Emegbe dɔléleŋutinunyala la agblɔ emetsonu siawo na wò ɖɔkta .

Nukae nye FISH dodokpɔ me tsonu?

Nusiwo ƒomevi nàkpɔ tso FISH dodokpɔ me nɔ te ɖe dodokpɔ si ƒomevi nèwɔ dzi. FISH dodokpɔ nyui aɖe fia be domenyiŋusẽfianu alo domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe tɔtrɔ aɖe le lãmenugbagbevi siwo le kpɔɖeŋua me la me. Anyo wu be nàƒo nu kple wò ɖɔkta tso alesi emetsonuwo anɔ kple nusi wofia ŋu.

Nukae dzɔna ne FISH dodokpɔ aɖe ɖee fia be dɔlélea le eŋu?

Ne wò FISH dodokpɔa ɖee fia be dɔlélea le ŋuwò la, wò ɖɔkta aɖe nusi wòfia kple nusiwo nàte ŋu awɔ la me na wò. Ne wowɔ dodokpɔa be woake ɖe domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe tɔtrɔ le kansa me ŋu la, ate ŋu anye atikewɔmɔnu siwo woɖo taɖodzinu na siwo ku ɖe tɔtrɔ ma koŋ ŋu. Eyata ele vevie be nàƒo nu kple wò ɖɔkta vɔvɔ̃manɔmee.

Ɣeyiɣi didi kae wòxɔna hafi wokpɔa FISH dodokpɔ me tsonu?

Ate ŋu axɔ kwasiɖa ɖeka va ɖo ene hafi woakpɔ FISH dodokpɔ me tsonu. Wò ɖɔkta agblɔ ɣeyiɣi si nàkpɔ mɔ na emetsonuwo kple alesi nàwɔ anyae na wò.

Ɣekaɣie wòle be mate ɖe nye ɖɔkta ŋu?

Ne nya aɖe le asiwò ku ɖe dodokpɔa alo emetsonu siwo nèxɔ ŋu la, mègahe ɖe megbe le nuƒoƒo kple wò ɖɔkta me o. Woaɖe nu sia nu me na wò.

Mlɔeba la, gbedasi vevitɔ kekeake

Domenyiŋusẽfianu dodokpɔ me tsonu lala ate ŋu ado vɔvɔ̃ na ame, atsi dzimaɖi, eye ɣeaɖewoɣi gɔ̃ hã ate ŋu agbɔ eme vie. Ðewohĩ èle ŋuɖoɖo lalam. FISH dodokpɔ sia nye mɔ̃ɖaŋununya si kpena ɖe ŋuwò nèkpɔa ŋuɖoɖo mawo, abe "highlighter" si dia nyatakaka siwo nèhiã eye wòdea ama wo ene .

Ðewohĩ ŋuɖoɖo siwo nàkpɔ la manye esi nèkpɔ mɔ na o, gake akpe ɖe ŋuwò nàse wò nɔnɔmea kple nu siwo nàte ŋu awɔ la gɔme. Tso afima la, mia kple wò ɖɔkta miate ŋu awɔ dɔ ɖekae awɔ ɖoɖo nyuitɔ kekeake si dzi miato ayi ŋgɔe.

Ðo ŋku edzi be ele vevie ŋutɔ be nàbia wò ɖɔkta be wòana numekɔkɔ le nusianu si nèsusu tso dodokpɔa ŋu, nusita wole ewɔm, kple nusi emetsonuwo fia ŋu.

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