Ðe nèdi hã be yeanya nusi tututu Mast Cells nyea? Mina míaƒo nu tso esia ŋu bɔbɔe!

Ðewohĩ mèse ŋkɔ ‘Mast Cells’ ŋkɔ kpɔ o, alo? Gake esiawo nye lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi vevi aɖe ŋutɔ si kpɔa míaƒe ŋutilã ta. Abe dzɔla sue siwo le míaƒe ŋutilã me ene. Ke hã, ɣeaɖewoɣi ne dzɔla siawo ƒe dzi dzɔ vie la, míeɖoa xaxa me. Egbea, mina míaƒo nu tsitotsito, bɔbɔe ŋutɔ, tso nusiwo nye mast cell siawo, alesi wowɔa dɔ le míaƒe ŋutilã me, kple nɔnɔme siwo woate ŋu ahe vɛ ŋu.

Nukae nye Mast Cells?

Kpuie ko la, mast cells nye asrafo tɔxɛwo le míaƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete me . Wowɔa wo le míaƒe ƒumeŋuɖui me . Emegbe wotoa míaƒe ʋukawo me henɔa lãmenugbagbevi vovovowo me le ŋutilã bliboa me. Abe dzɔla siwo le dukɔa ƒe akpa vovovowo ene la, lãmenugbagbevi siawo le míaƒe ŋutilã ƒe akpa vovovowo, eye wole klalo be yewoakpɔ mía ta tso gotagome ŋɔdzidonamewo me. Woate ŋu awɔ avu kple dɔlékui vovovowo eye woakpe ɖe mía ŋu míaɖɔ míaƒe ŋutilã ƒe ŋutinuwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖo.

Gake ɣeaɖewoɣi la, mast cell siawo va kpɔa ame ta akpa eye wodzea nuwɔwɔ gɔme ɖe nusiwo megblẽa nu le mía ŋu ŋutɔŋutɔ o la ŋu. Ne ɣeyiɣi aɖe ƒe nulɔdɔ alo asrã si nulɔdɔ le ŋuwò le ŋuwò la, susu ɖeka si tae nye esiae nye mast cell ƒe dɔwɔwɔ. Le nɔnɔme sesẽ aɖewo me la, mast cell ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ate ŋu ahe nulɔdɔ sesẽ aɖe si woyɔna be anaphylaxis , kpata gɔ̃ hã vɛ. Eyata ele vevie be nànya esia.

Nukae mast cells wɔna ɖe míaƒe ŋutilã ŋu?

Mast cells wɔa dɔ abe míaƒe ŋutilã ƒe ‘ŋudzɔnɔnɔ ƒe ɖoɖo’ ene . Wokpɔa míaƒe ŋutilã ta tso gotagome amedzidzelawo, abe dɔlékuiwo abe dɔlékuiwo, dɔlékuiwo kple dɔlékuiwo , kpakple aɖiwo abe da ƒe aɖi kple anyiwo ƒe aɖi ene gbɔ. Wowɔa avu kple nusianu si wosusu be egblẽa nu le ame ŋu hã, ne menye nenemae o gɔ̃ hã. Ɣemaɣie míexɔa nulɔdɔ .

To vovo na ʋumenugbagbevi ɣi ƒomevi bubu geɖe la, mast cells megblẽa dɔlékuiwo tẽ o. Ke boŋ wonɔa anyi nɔa ŋudzɔ le míaƒe lãkusiwo me henɔa dzesi aɖe si fia be nane si gblẽa nu le ame ŋu ge ɖe ŋutilãa me la lalam.

Aleke mast cells wɔa dɔe?

Tsɔe be nane si medzɔa dzi na wò o, le kpɔɖeŋu me, ke, aŋɔ, alo nuɖuɖu si ŋu wò nulɔdɔ le, gena ɖe wò ŋutilã me. Lãmenugbagbevi tɔxɛ bubu si le míaƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete me, si woyɔna be B lãmenugbagbeviwo, dea dzesi amedzidzela sia. Ne wonya de dzesii ko la, wodzea protein tɔxɛ siwo woyɔna be dɔlékuiwutikewo wɔwɔ gɔme be woatsɔ awɔ avu kplii. Woyɔa dɔlékuiwutike tɔxɛ siwo wowɔna le ɣeyiɣi sia me be Immunoglobulin E (IgE).Nyagbɔgblɔ.

IgE dɔlékuiwutike siawo zɔa mɔ kabakaba yia lãmenugbagbevi aɖewo koŋ siwo le mast cells ƒe anyime, abe avu ƒe asike ene, gbɔ eye woléna ɖe wo ŋu. Ɣebubuɣi si amedzidzela ma ke (e.g. pollen, ke) agava ŋutilãa me ake la, IgE si le mast cells dzi la alée.

Ɣemaɣie mast cells la "wɔa dɔ." Ele abe dzo ƒe ɣlidodo aɖe si wole ɖiɖim ene.

Ne wowɔ dɔ le mast cells ŋu alea la, kasia woɖea atike aɖe si woyɔna be histamine kple atike bubu geɖe siwo wodzra ɖo ɖe kotoku suesuesuewo (nudzraɖoƒewo) me le lãmenugbagbevi mawo me la dona. Woyɔa esia be degranulation .

Histamine siawo kple atike bubuwoe nana nulɔdɔ ƒe dzesiwo dzena. Esiawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye:

• Míaƒe ʋukawo kekena, eye tsi ƒoa ƒu ɖe lãkusi siwo ƒo xlãe me, si wɔnɛ be míevuvuna . Esia wɔnɛ be dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo te ŋu ƒua du yia afisi dɔlélea le kabakaba, eye wotsɔa amedzidzelawo yia ʋukawo me be woatsrɔ̃ wo.
• Mucus (phlegm) ƒe wɔwɔ dzina ɖe edzi.
• Lãmetsi gbadzɛ siwo le míaƒe gbɔgbɔtsixe kple dɔgbo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ (dɔgbowo) me la ƒoa ƒu eye wodzea agbagba be yewoatutu nusiwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu ado goe kple ʋuʋu si le abe ƒutsotsoe ene (peristalsis).

Nu siawo ate ŋu ana wò ŋutigbalẽ nabiã, avuvu, eye wòavuvu. Ðewohĩ tsi le dodom le ŋɔti me, aɖuɖɔɖɔɖɔ, alo akɔta. Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, aɖuɖɔtoe alo aɖuɖɔtoe gɔ̃ hã ate ŋu anɔ ŋuwò. Le nɔnɔme siwo nu sẽ ŋutɔ me la, nuwɔna sia ate ŋu ana yaƒoƒomɔ̃wo navuvu, si ana gbɔgbɔ nasesẽ, eye wòana ʋu ƒe sisi dzi naɖe akpɔtɔ afɔkutɔe, si ate ŋu ana ʋu ƒe sisi sesẽ gɔ̃ hã, si nye nɔnɔme si ate ŋu ade ame ƒe agbe afɔku me.

Mast cells kple homeostasis

Tsɔ kpe ɖe nulɔdɔ hehe vɛ ŋu la, mast cells kpena ɖe mía ŋu wòdaa asɔ le dɔwɔwɔ vovovowo me le míaƒe ŋutilã me, si fia be woléa ‘homeostasis’ ƒe nɔnɔme me ɖe asi . Kpɔɖeŋu ʋɛ aɖewoe nye esi:

• Ʋukawo ƒe tsitsi.
• Ƒu ƒe tsitsi.
• Yagbɔgbɔ ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsitsi kple wo dzadzraɖo.

Afikae mast cells le le míaƒe ŋutilã me?

Ne wotsɔe sɔ kple ʋumenugbagbevi ɣi ƒomevi bubuwo la, mast cells mesɔ gbɔ kura le míaƒe ʋu me o. Zi geɖe la, míedoa go nane si gblẽa nu le ame ŋu to eƒe gbɔgbɔ, eɖuɖu, alo to abi si le ŋutigbalẽ me me. Esia tae wokpɔa mast cells zi geɖe le:

• Le míaƒe gbɔgbɔtsixe kple lãkusiwo me .
• Míaƒe nuɖuɖumeŋusẽ (GI tract) (dɔgbo, dɔgbowo).

Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, mast cell siawo hã ƒo xlã míaƒe ʋukawo kple lãmekawo.

Nukawoe nye mast cell ƒe akpa aɖewo?

Ne ètsɔ mast cell la, nucleus le eƒe titina, si nye cell la ƒe "ahɔhɔ̃". Nu sue alafa geɖe siwo le abe kotoku ene siwo woyɔna be granules .Nuku siawo mee wodzraa atike vovovowo ƒe dɔla (domenɔlawo) ɖo. Dɔla siawoe ɖoa dzesiwo ɖe ŋutilãa be wòawɔ nu ɖe ​​eŋu ne nane si gblẽa nu le ame ŋu va do goe. Atike siawo dometɔ vevi aɖewoe nye:

• Histamine: Míeƒo nu tso esia ŋu kpɔ. Ekekea ʋukawo ɖe enu, si wɔnɛ be tsi kple dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo gena ɖe lãmekawo me. Exea yaƒoƒomɔ̃wo kple dɔgbo ƒe mɔnu hã, si wɔnɛ be ʋuʋudedi dona be wòakpe ɖe ame ŋu wòatutu dɔlékuiwo ado goe.
• Proteases: (Kpɔɖeŋuwo: tryptase, chymase, carboxypeptidase A). Proteases nye enzyme ƒomevi aɖe si gblẽa proteinwo me. Wokpena ɖe ame ŋu wògbãa kadodoŋusẽ, si wɔnɛ be dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo te ŋu ɖoa teƒea bɔbɔe wu.
• Cytokines/chemokines: Esiawo nye protein sue siwo naa dzesi dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe lãmenugbagbevi bubuwo be woawɔ wo ɖokui ƒe kɔpi geɖe, be woana ʋukawo "naléna ɖe nu ŋu" ale be woate ŋu atsɔ dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ayi lãkusiwo me, eye woaxɔ lãmenugbagbeviwo be woakɔ teƒe siwo gblẽ la ŋu ahadzra wo ɖo.
• Heparin: Esia xea mɔ na ʋu ƒe ƒoƒo, eyata ekpena ɖe ame ŋu be ʋukawo nanɔ ʋuʋu ɖi.

Mast cell ƒe xɔlawo

Mast cells ƒe xɔla vovovo geɖe le woƒe gowo dzi. Esiawo nye protein siwo ƒe nɔnɔme le etɔxɛ. Abe alesi safui sɔ kple gaƒoɖokui ene la, lãmenugbagbevi siawo wɔa dɔ kple dzesi protein bubuwo tsɔ naa mast cells la wɔa dɔ.

Le esiawo dome la, IgE-xɔla si ŋu míeƒo nu tsoe va yi lae nye esi wonya nyuie wu. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, dɔlékuiwutike ƒomevi bubuwo (e.g., Immunoglobulin G / IgG) kple dɔlékuiwo ƒe dzesidede tẽ (e.g., Toll-like receptors) hã le mast cells me.

Nɔnɔme kawoe bɔ wu siwo do ƒome kple mast cells?

Nɔnɔme siwo bɔ siwo míekpɔna do ƒome kple mast cells dometɔ aɖewoe nye:

• Nutome ƒe nulɔdɔwo (e.g., ke, aŋɔ, aƒemelãwo ƒe dander) .
• Asrãdɔ
• Nuɖuɖu ƒe nulɔdɔwo
• Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe Ʋuʋudedi/ Hives

Mast cell dɔléle siwo mebɔ o

Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, nɔnɔme geɖe li siwo mebɔ o siwo do ƒome kple mast cells:

• Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS): Esia nye nɔnɔme si me nulɔdɔ alo anaphylaxis ƒe dzesiwo dzena enuenu le susu aɖeke si medze ƒã o ta.
• Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, mast cells ƒe xexlẽme dzina ɖe edzi akpa le ŋutilãa me (Mastocytosis).
• Domenyinu ƒe alpha-tryptasemia / ƒome ƒe hypertryptasemia:Esia nye domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe nɔnɔme si dzɔna ne enzyme aɖe si woyɔna be tryptase, si mast cells wɔna la ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖe edzi le ŋutilãa me. Gake ame geɖe siwo ŋu domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe nɔnɔme sia le la mekpɔa dzesi aɖeke o.

Nukawoe nye mast cell dɔléle ƒe dzesi siwo bɔ?

Histamine si dona le mast cell dɔléle me ate ŋu ahe dzesiwo abe:

• Ŋutilã ƒe amadede ƒe tɔtrɔ, biã, alo ʋuʋudedi.
• Ʋuʋudedi (edema) .
• Yagbɔgbɔ sesẽ.
• Anaphylaxis si gbugbɔna .

Dodokpɔ kawoe wowɔna tsɔ dea dzesi nɔnɔme siawo?

Ne ɖɔkta aɖe susui be mast cell dɔléle aɖe le ŋuwò la, woate ŋu awɔ dodokpɔwo abe esiawo ene akpɔe ɖa be wò mast cells le dɔ wɔm hã:

• Aɖuɖɔtoe dodokpɔwo.
• Ʋudodokpɔwo.
• Ƒumeŋuɖui dodokpɔwo.
• Ŋutilã ƒe dodokpɔwo.

Ðɔkta ate ŋu awɔ ŋutigbalẽ si me nulɔdɔ le ƒe dodokpɔwo alo ʋudodokpɔwo atsɔ ade dzesi nusiwo hea dɔlélea vɛ. Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, nudokpɔƒe ate ŋu awɔ domenyiŋusẽfianu dodokpɔ hã akpɔe ɖa be domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe nɔnɔme aɖe gbɔe wò dzesiawo tso hã.

Nukawoe nye atike siwo wozãna na esia?

Mast cell dɔléle dada nɔ te ɖe wò dzesiwo kple nusi gbɔ wòtso dzi. Atikewɔwɔ ate ŋu anye:

• Ƒo asa na nusiwo wonya be nusiwo nana ame ƒe ŋutilã melɔ̃na o .
• Atike siwo woatsɔ aɖu dzesiawo dzi. Esiawo ate ŋu anye atike siwo wua histamine , atike siwo ɖea acid dzi kpɔtɔna, kple atike siwo trɔa leukotriene (e.g., montelukast).
• Mast cell ƒe nusiwo naa lãmenugbagbeviwo nɔa te. Atike siawo xea mɔ na atikewo abe histamine ene ƒe dodo tso mast cells me.
• Atike siwo woatsɔ aɖe anaphylaxis dzi akpɔtɔ alo adae. Esiawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye atikewo abe epinephrine kple omalizumab ene .
• Lãmenugbagbeviwo dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ ƒe atikewɔwɔ/atikewo zazã . Le mastocytosis ƒe dɔléle sesẽwo gome la, wozãa atike siwo wozãna zi geɖe tsɔ wua kansa lãmenugbagbeviwo ɣeaɖewoɣi.

Eyata ɖe mast cells nyo loo alo menyo oa?

Ne nane gblẽ le wo ŋu ko hafi ame akpa gãtɔ sea nu tso mast cells ŋu, eyata àte ŋu asusu be mast cells nye nu gbegblẽ. Gake le nyateƒe me la, wokpena ɖe mía ŋu míekpɔa míaƒe ŋutilã ta tso amedzidzela siwo gblẽa nu le mía ŋu me eye wowɔa ɖoɖo ɖe míaƒe ŋutinuwo ŋu. Eyata, zi geɖe la, wonyo.

Bu eŋu kpɔ, sirenwo ɖina. Dedienɔnɔ ƒe ƒuƒoƒoa va ɖo teƒea. Wò mast cells doa ɣlidodoa, eye wò dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒua du be yeaɖe ŋkekea. Wonye míaƒe ŋutilã ƒe ametakpɔnu ƒe akpa vevi aɖe. Gake zi geɖe la, míeléa ŋku ɖe mast cells ŋu wu ne wotsɔ dzo ɖe woƒe dɔa ŋu akpa vie. Gake wodoa ŋusẽ míaƒe ametakpɔnu hã eye wokpena ɖe mía ŋu be míaƒe ʋukawo kple ŋutinuwo nawɔ dɔ nyuie. Eyata ɣebubuɣi si nàɖe aɖuɖɔ, ŋɔti me tsi, alo nàse le ɖokuiwò me be yevuvu vie la, mègaŋlɔ be be yeada akpe na yeƒe mast cells ɖe woƒe ŋudzɔnɔnɔ ta o!

Nusiwo dzi wòle be woaɖo ŋkui kpuie

Eyata, nu vevitɔ kekeake si dzi wòle be míaɖo ŋkui tso esiawo katã me enye be mast cells nye dzɔla sue vevi ŋutɔ le míaƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete me. Wokpɔa mía ta tso dɔléle vovovowo kple aɖi siwo tso egodo me. Gake, ɣeaɖewoɣi ne wova sea veve vie la, woate ŋu awɔ nu ɖe ​​nusiwo megblẽa nu le ame ŋu ŋutɔŋutɔ o ŋu, eye woahe nɔnɔmewo abe nulɔdɔwo ene vɛ na mí.

Ne nulɔdɔ ƒe dzesiwo le fu ɖem na wò enuenu, abe ŋutigbalẽ si le ʋuʋum, aɖuɖɔtoe, ŋɔti me tsi si le dodom, aɖuɖɔɖɔɖɔ, alo gbɔgbɔ sesẽ la, nu nyuitɔ si nàwɔe nye be nàkpɔ ɖɔkta eye nàxɔ aɖaŋuɖoɖo evɔ màŋe aɖaba aƒu edzi o. Mègatsi dzi o, atikewɔmɔnu aɖewo li egbea siwo ate ŋu akpe ɖe ŋuwò nàɖu nɔnɔme siawo dometɔ geɖe dzi.

` Mast cells, dɔlélenutsiŋutete, nulɔdɔ, histamine, anaphylaxis, lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, dzesiwo