Do you often get allergies? Let's learn everything about these allergies!

Do you also get a runny nose every time you wake up in the morning? Or do you get red, itchy bumps on your body after eating certain foods? These are common experiences for many people. The cause of this could be an allergy, or in medical terms, an allergic reaction. So today, let's talk about what this allergy is, why it occurs, and what can be done about it.

Simply put, what is an allergy?

An allergy is when your body's immune system overreacts to something that's actually harmless. Think of our immune system as an army that defends a country. The job of this army is to recognize and fight against enemies, such as viruses and bacteria, that enter the body.

But the immune system of someone with allergies is a little overly sensitive. That means that when things that are usually harmless to others, like dust, pollen, and certain foods (we call these allergens ), enter the body, the immune system thinks that this big enemy has arrived. Then it starts to fight against it.

This fight results in symptoms such as hives, itchy eyes, skin rashes, and nasal congestion. Most of the time, these symptoms are mild, but sometimes a severe, life-threatening condition called anaphylaxis can occur.

What are the main things that cause allergies (Common Allergens)?

There are many types of allergens, or things that cause allergies. Let's look at the most common allergens found in our environment.

What are the symptoms of allergies?

Symptoms can vary depending on what you are allergic to and how it enters the body.

• Symptoms related to the nose and respiratory system: If you inhale an allergen, you may experience symptoms such as frequent sneezing, runny nose , nasal congestion, itchy eyes and nose, watery eyes, coughing, and wheezing.
• Skin symptoms: Some foods, medications, or substances that come into contact with the skin can cause red, itchy bumps on the body. This is called hives. Eczema can also sometimes be aggravated by allergies.
• Digestive system symptoms: Eating a food that you are allergic to can cause symptoms such as stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

When should I see a doctor?

If over-the-counter medicines for the common cold don't control your symptoms, or if you suspect it's an allergy, be sure to see your doctor.

In particular,

• If you develop symptoms of a severe allergic reaction (such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the face ).
• If your allergy is interfering with your daily activities.
• If allergic symptoms appear after starting a new medication.
• If you suspect you have a food allergy .

In a situation like this, the best thing to do is to see a doctor and seek advice.

How do you know for sure if you have an allergy? (Diagnosis)

When you see a doctor, he or she will ask about your symptoms and whether anyone in your family has allergies. Then, they may run a few tests to confirm whether you have an allergy.

1. Skin Prick Test: This is the most common test. This involves placing very small drops of various allergens on the skin of your hand and gently scraping the surface of the skin with a small needle. This does not hurt. Within 15-20 minutes, the area where you are allergic will become slightly red and swollen, as if you were bitten by a mosquito. This will tell the doctor what you are allergic to.

2. Blood Test: If some people cannot have a skin test (e.g., people with skin conditions, those taking certain medications), a blood sample can be taken and sent to a lab to see if they have allergies.

3. Oral Food Challenge: If a food allergy is suspected, a doctor will administer a small amount of the food to the patient in a hospital setting to see if there is a reaction. This is never something you should do at home.

What are the treatments for allergies?

There are several treatments for allergies. The best thing to do is to stay away from the allergen as much as possible. But since that's not always possible, there are medications and other treatments to help control the symptoms.

Medications

• Antihistamines: These are the most commonly used. They block a chemical called histamine that is produced by the body during an allergic reaction, controlling symptoms such as itching, hives, and runny nose. These are available in the form of tablets, syrups, and nasal sprays.
• Corticosteroids: These come in the form of nasal sprays, inhalers, and topical creams. They work by reducing swelling and inflammation caused by allergies.
• Decongestants: These are used as a temporary solution to nasal congestion.
• Emergency Epinephrine Shot: For people with severe allergies (anaphylaxis), your doctor may prescribe this shot for use in an emergency. This is something you should always keep on hand.

Immunotherapy

This is a long-term treatment. What you do here is start with a very small dose of the allergen you are allergic to and gradually increase the dose by giving it to your body as an injection (Allergy Shots) or a sublingual tablet (SLIT). Over time, your body becomes accustomed to the allergen and responds less. This is like 'unpicking the thorn with the thorn'.

Things you can do at home to prevent allergies

• Keep your home clean: If you are allergic to dust, dust with a damp cloth. Wash your bed sheets and pillowcases regularly in hot water. If possible, use a vacuum cleaner with a HEPA filter.
• Be careful during high pollen season: Limit going outside, especially in the morning, when the trees are blooming and pollen is high. Change clothes and shower after you come out.
• Be careful with food: Know exactly what foods you are allergic to and avoid them. When buying food at the store, ask about the ingredients.
• Avoid smoking: Smoking indoors can worsen allergy symptoms.

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