What you need to know about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Does your child not join in with other children? Does he play alone in his own world? Or does he not look you in the eye when you talk? It is normal for you as a parent to feel fear and anxiety when you see things like this. Many people get worried when they hear the word " autism ". But before we really get scared about this, let's understand what this condition is exactly. Because, the right knowledge is the best solution to anything.

What exactly is autism?

Simply put, autism is not a disease. It is a developmental and functional disorder of the brain. Doctors call it Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) . Do you know why it is called a "spectrum"? Because the way this condition affects each person is very different. Like the colors of the rainbow. The symptoms, the severity of them, and the level of support they need can vary greatly.

This condition usually shows signs that can be identified before a child is 3 years old. Also, it is a lifelong condition. A person with autism sees the world, understands it, and interacts with others differently than others. They may have challenges with things like communication, social relationships, and learning.

What are the main symptoms of autism?

Although autism symptoms vary from person to person, there are some commonalities. Let's take a look at how these symptoms can be seen in children and adults.

What is 'Stimming'?

You may have seen people with autism sometimes do things like rocking their bodies or flapping their hands. This is called 'stimming'. They do this to control their emotions when they are happy, bored, or stressed or anxious. This is their unique way of coping.

What is a 'Meltdown'?

A meltdown is not just a tantrum. It is an uncontrollable reaction that occurs when a person with autism is unable to cope with stimuli from their environment (noises, crowds). During this time, they may scream, cry, or roll over on the floor. In such a situation, the most important thing is to provide them with a safe, quiet place and to be patient.

What are the causes of autism? Is it caused by vaccines?

The exact cause of autism is not yet known , but research suggests that it is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

• Genetic influence: If someone in the family has autism, the risk of others also developing it is slightly higher.
• Other risk factors: Things like increasing parental age, certain complications during pregnancy, and being born with very low birth weight can increase the risk.

How to diagnose this condition?

Autism cannot be diagnosed with a blood test or a scan. It is diagnosed by observing a child's behavior, communication patterns, and development.

1. Developmental Screening: Your doctor will monitor your child's normal development (talking, walking, playing) at the clinic. If any delays or changes are noticed, they will refer you for further testing.

2. Comprehensive Evaluation: Here, a team of specialists, such as a child psychiatrist and a developmental-behavioral pediatrician, carefully observes the child, obtains information from the parents, and confirms whether or not this condition exists through various tests.

If you have any concerns about your child, it's never too late to talk to your doctor about it. The earlier it is identified, the better the child can be helped.

What are the treatments and support? How to avoid fake treatments?

The first thing to remember is that autism is not a disease that can be "cured." "Treatment" here means developing the child's skills and strengthening them to face the challenges of everyday life.

There are several main treatment methods:

• Behavioral Therapies: Methods like ABA (Applied Behavior Analysis) teach you how to improve positive behaviors and manage challenging behaviors.
• Developmental Therapies:
• Speech Therapy: Improve communication skills.
• Occupational Therapy: Help with daily tasks (dressing, eating) on ​​your own.
• Physical Therapy: Improve skills related to body movement.
• Psychological Therapies: Methods such as Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) can help manage conditions such as anxiety and depression.

If a treatment is advertised as a "miracle" or an "instant cure," think twice. Always discuss treatment with your doctor.

How to help a child?

The best way to help a child with autism is to be understanding, patient, and loving.

• Communicate clearly: Speak in simple, short sentences. Say the child's name.
• Maintain a consistent routine: They dislike unexpected changes in routine.
• Support their interests: If they are particularly talented at something, encourage it.
• Create a sensitive environment: Reduce loud noises, bright lights, and create a place at home where they can relax.
• Educate yourself: Read about autism from trusted sources, ask your doctor. The more you know, the more you can help your child.

Autism, Autism, ASD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autism Symptoms, Autism in Children, Autism Treatment