Idan muka yi tunanin gasar Olympics, muna tunanin mafi kyawun 'yan wasa a duniya, filayen wasa masu kyau, da kuma bukukuwa da yawa, ko ba haka ba? Wani lamari ne da muke sa rai a kai, lokacin da duniya za ta haɗu. Amma kun taɓa tunanin irin tasirin da wannan zai iya yi wa talakawa a birnin da ake gudanar da wannan babban taron? A gaskiya ma, ga birnin da ke karɓar bakuncin gasar Olympics, wannan ba abu ne mai kyau ba ta kowace hanya. Wani lokaci, a bayan wannan kyawun, akwai wani ɓangare na ɓoye wanda babu wanda ke magana a kai, wanda ke shafar lafiyar mutane. Bari mu yi magana a kai a yau.
Yaya za a yi da inshorar lafiya?
Za ka yi mamaki idan ka yi tunanin kuɗin da za a kashe wajen ɗaukar nauyin gasar Olympics. Jimilla ce mai yawa. Misali, gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 2014 da aka yi a Sochi, Rasha, ta kashe kimanin dala biliyan 50. Idan ka kashe wannan kuɗin a kan abu ɗaya, zai iya yin illa ga tsarin lafiyar ƙasa, musamman ma ƙasa da wadata.
Kamar yadda Diego Silva, babban malami a fannin ilimin halittu a Jami'ar Sydney, ya ce, "Idan wani abu mai ban mamaki kamar Olympics ya zo ƙasar da ke fama da tsarin lafiya, wannan tsarin ba zai iya jure shi ba."
Kyakkyawan misali na wannan shine gasar Olympics ta 2016 da aka yi a Rio de Janeiro. A wancan lokacin, Brazil ta riga ta shiga cikin mawuyacin halin tattalin arziki. Wannan ya haifar da rage ayyukan yi a asibitocin gwamnati, asibitoci, da kuma sassan kula da gaggawa (ETUs), kuma wasu sassan ma an rufe su. A lokacin, kafofin watsa labarai sun ba da rahoton cewa "mazauna Rio suna jiran kwanaki kafin a yi musu tiyatar gaggawa ko a kwantar da su a wani sashen kulawa mai tsanani. Duk da haka, 'yan wasa a ƙauyen Olympic suna karɓar mafi girman kulawar lafiya."
Ka yi tunanin yadda zai zama abin baƙin ciki idan ka kashe duk kuɗin ƙasar a bikin ɗaya kuma ba ka da wurin da mutanenka za su sayi magani?
Haka lamarin yake game da gasar Olympics ta Athens ta 2004. Girka ta kashe kusan kashi 5% na GDP ɗinta a kanta. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ƙasar ta shiga cikin mawuyacin halin rashin bashi. Sakamakon haka, an rage kuɗaɗen da ake kashewa ga asibitocin gwamnati da fiye da kashi 50%. A yau, da yawa daga cikin filayen wasannin Olympics da aka gina don wasannin an yi watsi da su, ba su da amfani.
Shin ka yi tunanin lalacewar muhalli?
Barnar da wani taron Olympics ya yi wa muhallin da ke kewaye ba ƙaramin abu ba ne. Wannan kuma yana shafar lafiyar mutane kai tsaye. An kiyasta cewa ana buƙatar kimanin galan miliyan 500 na ruwa don yin dusar ƙanƙara ta wucin gadi don gasar Olympics ta Beijing ta 2022. A yankin da ya riga ya fuskanci ƙarancin ruwa, an sami wannan ruwan ta hanyar katse samar da ruwan ga manoma da sauran jama'a.
Kafin gasar Olympics ta Sochi, ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam sun ba da rahoton cewa ƙauyen Akhshtyr ya shafe sama da shekaru biyar ba tare da isasshen ruwa ba saboda ginin Olympics. Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "ƙurar da ke fitowa daga motocin gini ta yi mummunar illa ga lafiyar mutane, kadarorinsu, dabbobi, da noma."
Rayuwar ma'aikatan da ke cikin waɗannan manyan ayyukan gini suma suna cikin haɗari. Matsin lamba na kammala aikin akan lokaci yana nufin cewa galibi ana yin watsi da matakan tsaro. Kimanin ma'aikata 70 ne suka mutu yayin gini a Sochi. Mutum 13 sun mutu kafin wasannin Rio. Wani ma'aikacin da ke gina filin wasan Olympics na Tokyo ya kashe kansa bayan ya yi aiki na tsawon sa'o'i 190 na ƙarin lokaci a cikin wata guda. An amince da shi a hukumance a matsayin "mutuwa saboda yawan aiki."
Tasirin da ke kan rayuwar ɗan adam
Wannan wataƙila shine mafi munin tasiri da ba a taɓa magana a kai ba, amma mafi muni. Ana tilasta wa mutanen yankin barin gidajensu don samun damar gina gasar Olympics. Wani lokaci yana da ban tausayi jin waɗannan alkaluman.
| Gasar Olympics | An kori mutanen da aka tilasta musu ƙaura (kimanin) |
|---|---|
| Seoul ta 1988 | Mutane 720,000 |
| Beijing ta 2008 | Mutane miliyan 1.5 (miliyan 1.5) |
Ka yi tunanin irin wahalar da miliyoyin mutane ke sha wajen barin gidajensu, maƙwabtansu, da kuma rayuwarsu. Waɗannan korar mutane suna tare da tashin hankali, inda wasu ma ke ɗaure waɗanda ke adawa da su. Wasu sun kashe kansu, ba su iya jure matsin lamba ba.
Sau da yawa yana shafar talakawa, tsiraru da kuma waɗanda aka ware. Misalai ne na abubuwan da suka faru a Rio, Roma a bukukuwan Barcelona da Athens. Idan aka tilasta wa waɗannan mutanen tserewa daga muhallinsu na asali, suna rasa duk wata alaƙar zamantakewa da hanyoyin tallafa wa junansu. Raunin tunani da ke faruwa yana da ban tsoro.
Shin da gaske ne haɗarin yaɗuwar cututtuka masu yaɗuwa?
Ganin yadda miliyoyin mutane ke taruwa a wuri ɗaya a faɗin duniya, akwai fargabar yaduwar cututtuka masu yaɗuwa a kowace Gasar Olympics. Amma abin mamaki, babu wani babban barkewar cutar. Akwai damuwa game da cutar Zika da sauro ke ɗauke da ita kafin Gasar Rio ta 2016, amma ba a sami wani sabon rahoto game da cutar ba a lokacin Gasar.
Gasar Olympics ta Tokyo da Beijing, wacce aka gudanar a tsakiyar annobar cutar korona (COVID-19), da alama sun shawo kan wannan ƙalubalen cikin nasara. Kwamitin Olympics na Duniya ya ce babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa cutar korona ta bazu tsakanin 'yan wasa da al'ummar yankin. Wannan ya faru ne saboda matakan tsaro na lafiya da ake amfani da su a irin waɗannan manyan taruka.
Yaya makomar za ta kasance?
To me za a iya yi don rage barnar da wannan gasar Olympics ke yi?
Abu na farko shi ne a zaɓi birnin da za a karɓi baƙuncin gasar Olympics. Ya kamata ƙasar da ke da tattalin arziki mai ƙarfi ta ɗauki nauyin duk wani koma-baya na tattalin arziki da zai iya faruwa tsakanin ranar da aka sanar da hakan da kuma ranar da za a gudanar da gasar. An zaɓi Rio a shekarar 2009. Duk da haka, lokacin da aka gudanar da gasar a shekarar 2016, ƙasar ta riga ta shiga koma-baya a fannin tattalin arziki. Saboda haka, ina ganin biranen da aka zaɓa a matsayin biranen da za su karɓi baƙuncin gasar nan gaba, kamar Paris (2024), Milan (2026) da Los Angeles (2028), za su iya fuskantar wannan ƙalubalen.
Akwai wasu ƙarin shawarwari:
- Rage girman bikin: Gudanar da bikin a ƙaramin mataki, maimakon a kan irin wannan babban mataki.
- Rarraba Ƙasa: Gudanar da taruka a birane da yawa, maimakon a takaita shi ga birni ɗaya.
- Birni mai masaukin baki na dindindin: Gudanar da gasar Olympics a wuri ɗaya na dindindin, maimakon zaɓar sabon birni a kowane lokaci. Wannan zai kawar da buƙatar gina sabbin gine-gine, ƙaura da mutane, da lalata muhalli a kowane lokaci.
Waɗannan shawarwari ba sababbi ba ne. Bayan an gudanar da wasannin Olympics na zamani na farko a shekarar 1896, Girka ta nemi a gudanar da wasannin Olympics a Athens har abada. Amma hakan bai faru ba. Amma yanzu, idan aka yi la'akari da mummunan lalacewar zamantakewa, muhalli, da lafiya da wasannin Olympics suka yi, lokaci ya yi da za a sake tunani sosai.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Tsadar farashin manyan taruka kamar Olympics na iya haifar da babban cikas ga tsarin lafiyar jama'a na birnin mai masaukin baki.
- Gine-gine masu yawa na iya haifar da lalacewar muhalli, ƙarancin ruwa, da matsalolin lafiya kamar ƙura.
- Babban abin da ya fi muni shi ne tilasta wa dubban daruruwan mutane barin gidajensu, wanda hakan ke da mummunan tasiri ga lafiyarsu ta hankali da ta zamantakewa.
- Yana da muhimmanci a san ɓoyayyun kuɗaɗen da ke tattare da waɗannan bukukuwan, maimakon kyawunsu na waje.
- Duniya tana buƙatar mayar da hankali kan sabbin hanyoyin da za a bi don ɗaukar nauyin gasar Olympics ta hanyar da ta fi dorewa da kuma mutuntawa a nan gaba.
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