Shin ka taɓa jin labarin 'Pap smear'? Ko kuma ka taɓa jin labarin ƙaramin ƙulli a wuyanka, kuma likita ya ɗauki ƙaramin samfurinsa da allura mai kyau ya aika shi don 'gwaji'? Wannan shine abin da za mu yi magana a kai a yau, wanda ake kira cytology. Kodayake yana iya zama kamar ƙaramin abu a kallo na farko, wannan gwaji ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci wanda ke taimakawa wajen gano cututtuka a jikinmu da wuri. Bari mu yi magana a kai a sauƙaƙe.
Mene ne Cytology a cikin sauƙi?
A taƙaice dai, binciken ƙwayoyin halitta (cytology) tsari ne na duba ƙwayoyin halittar jikinmu a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa (microscope) don gano cututtuka. Kamar dai a matsayin mai bincike ne. Ƙwararren likita, wanda ake kira likitan cututtuka, yana duba ƙwayoyin halittar a cikin ƙaramin samfurin ruwa ko kyallen da aka ɗauka daga jikinka.
Yana neman duk wani canji mara kyau a cikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta. Waɗannan canje-canje na iya zama alamar ciwon daji . Ko kuma suna iya zama yanayi kafin ciwon daji wanda ke da yuwuwar zama ciwon daji . Ba wai kawai ba, ana amfani da wannan gwajin don gano cututtuka kamar ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi, ko ƙwayoyin cuta.
Me yasa likita zai yi odar irin wannan gwaji?
Akwai manyan dalilai da dama da yasa likitanka zai iya ba da shawarar gwajin cytology.
- A matsayin gwajin tantancewa da gano cutar kansa: Wannan gwajin zai iya taimakawa wajen gano wasu nau'ikan cutar kansa kafin bayyanar alamun. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar ko kumburi ko rashin daidaituwa yana da cutar kansa ko a'a.
- Domin gano cututtukan da ke yaɗuwa: Ana amfani da wannan don gano wace ƙwayar cuta ce ta haifar da kamuwa da cuta a wani wuri a cikin jiki.
- Don gano yanayin kumburi: Wannan gwajin yana taimakawa wajen gano wasu yanayi na kumburi a jiki, kamar sarcoidosis.
Waɗanne hanyoyi daban-daban ne ake bi wajen gwada waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta?
Ana iya raba waɗannan gwaje-gwajen cytology zuwa manyan nau'i uku, ya danganta da yadda likita ya ɗauki samfurin ƙwayoyin halitta daga gare ku. Bari mu duba wannan ta hanya mai sauƙi don fahimtarsa.
| Nau'in gwaji | Yadda ake samun ƙwayoyin halitta | Misalai |
|---|---|---|
| Ilimin Halittar Exfoliative | Binciken ƙwayoyin halitta da jiki ke zubarwa ko kuma ke fitar da su. Ana samun waɗannan a cikin ruwan jiki. | - Nazarin fitsari - Filagiram - Fitar ruwa daga idanu, farji, ko nono - Ruwan Cerebrospinal a cikin kwakwalwa da kashin baya - Ruwa a kusa da huhu, zuciya, ko kuma cikin mahaifa |
| Ilimin Halittar Abrasive | Ana samun ƙwayoyin ta hanyar gogewa ko goge su ta amfani da na'ura. Wani lokaci, ana kuma wanke ƙwayoyin ta amfani da ruwa. | - Smear Pap: Wannan shine nau'in smear na mahaifa da aka fi sani. - A lokacin gwajin bronchoscopy: Don wanke ko goge ƙwayoyin cuta daga hanyoyin iska ko huhu. - A lokacin gwajin endoscopy: Ɗauki ƙwayoyin halitta daga wurare kamar esophagus da ciki. - Goge ƙwayoyin fata daga ƙuraje ko raunuka. |
| Tsarin Shiga Cikin Jiki / Tsarin Zurfi (FNA) | Amfani da allura mai laushi don huda fata da kuma cire ruwan da ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin halitta daga ƙura ko ƙari. Wannan ana kiransa Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) . | - Ƙwanƙolin lymph a wuya da hammata - Ciwon thyroid - Ƙwayoyin nono - Tarin gishiri |
Yaya ake yin gwajin ƙwayoyin halitta?
To, yanzu bari mu ga yadda wannan tsari gaba ɗaya yake aiki. Akwai matakai da dama don wannan.
1. Ɗaukin samfurin: Da farko, likitanka zai ɗauki samfurin ƙwayoyin halitta daga jikinka ta amfani da hanyar da ta dace (kamar gogewa, wankewa, ko kuma fitar da ruwa da allura).
2. Aika zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje: Na gaba, ana shafa wannan samfurin a kan gilashin zamiya ko kuma a saka shi a cikin ƙaramin kwalba a aika zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje.
3. Shirya samfurin:A cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, wani masanin fasaha na cytopreparatory yana shirya samfurin don gwaji. A nan, ana amfani da launuka daban-daban don sa ƙwayoyin su bayyana sosai. Wannan ana kiransa 'tabo'.
4. Gwajin na'urar hangen nesa ta microscopic: Yanzu muhimmin bangare ne ya zo. Masanin kwayoyin halitta da masanin cututtuka suna duba wannan samfurin da aka shirya a karkashin na'urar hangen nesa ta microscope. Suna duba siffar ƙwayoyin halitta, girmansu, yadda ƙwayoyin halitta ke taruwa wuri ɗaya, yanayin tsakiya, da sauran abubuwa da yawa. Suna neman duk wani canji na musamman ko kasancewar ƙwayoyin cuta masu yaɗuwa.
5. Shirya rahoton: A ƙarshe, likitan cututtuka yana ƙirƙirar cikakken rahoto wanda ya haɗa da abin da ya gani da kuma ganewar asali. Wannan rahoton shine abin da likitanku ya karɓa.
Me ke faruwa kafin da kuma bayan gwajin?
A mafi yawan lokuta, ba a buƙatar shiri na musamman don gwajin cytology. Duk da haka, wasu gwaje-gwaje (misali, idan an ɗauki samfurin ta hanyar endoscopy) na iya buƙatar takamaiman umarni. Don haka ya fi kyau a tambayi likitanka idan akwai wani abu na musamman da kake buƙatar yi kafin gwajin.
Bayan gwajin, idan likitanka ya karɓi rahoton likitan cututtuka, zai tattauna sakamakon tare da kai kuma ya yanke shawara kan abin da zai yi a gaba.
Menene fa'idodin gwajin ƙwayoyin halitta? Ta yaya ya bambanta da gwajin biopsy?
Gwaje-gwajen ƙwayoyin halitta suna da fa'idodi da yawa, musamman idan aka kwatanta da wata hanyar gwaji, wato biopsy.
- Ƙaramin samfuri ya isa ga wannan.
- Ba shi da zafi kamar gwajin biopsy.
- Yawan cutarwa ga jiki yana da ƙasa sosai .
- Haɗarin rikitarwa yana da ƙasa sosai .
Bambanci Tsakanin Cytology da Biopsy: Ka yi tunanin cytology a matsayin ɗaukar tubalin da ya faɗo daga bangon tubali da kuma bincika shi. Abin da kawai za mu iya gani shi ne yadda tubalin yake. Biopsy shine ɗaukar ƙaramin yanki na bango da kuma bincika yadda tubalin da turmi suka haɗu. Wato, a cikin cytology, muna duba ƙwayoyin halitta ko tarin ƙwayoyin halitta. A cikin biopsy, muna bincika tsarin dukkan sassan nama.
Menene ma'anar rahoton da aka karɓa?
Sakamakon da za ku samu zai dogara ne akan dalilin gwajin da kuma ɓangaren jikin da aka ɗauki samfurin daga gare shi. Sakamakon da aka saba samu sun haɗa da:
| Yanayin sakamakon | Ma'ana mai sauƙi |
|---|---|
| Al'ada / Mara kyau | Yana nufin cewa ba a sami wata matsala ko ƙwayoyin cutar kansa a cikin ƙwayoyin da aka bincika ba. Idan aka sami wata cuta, to hakan yana nufin babu wata cuta. |
| Ba a tantance ba / Ba a gamsu ba | Wannan yana nufin babu isassun ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin samfurin don cimma matsaya mai kyau. Gwajin yana iya buƙatar sake maimaitawa. |
| Abin da ba daidai ba / Mai kyau | Yana nufin cewa ƙwayoyin halittar suna kama da na al'ada. Amma wannan ba lallai bane yana nufin cewa kana da ciwon daji. Yana iya zama kamuwa da cuta ko wani ƙaramin canji. Rahoton na iya haɗawa da kalmomi kamar dysplasia, hyperplasia, ko metaplasia. Likitan ku zai yi bayani game da wannan. |
Me zai faru a gaba idan sakamakon bai dace ba?
Kada ka firgita idan sakamakon bai yi daidai ba. Likitanka zai yanke shawara kan abin da zai yi a gaba bisa ga yanayin rashin lafiyar. Zai iya yin wasu gwaje-gwaje, kamar gwajin biopsy, ko kuma ya ba da shawarar fara magani. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine ka yi magana da likitanka game da shi kuma ka bi umarninsa.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Cytology gwaji ne mai sauƙi, amintacce, kuma mara ciwo wanda ke bincika ƙwayoyin jiki don gano cututtuka.
- Wannan babban taimako ne wajen gano cutar kansa da wuri da kuma kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban.
- Gwajin Pap smear, wanda aka fi yi wa mata, shi ma wani nau'in gwajin cytology ne.
- Idan sakamakon gwajinka ya kasance 'ba daidai ba', ba koyaushe yana nufin kana da ciwon daji ba. Don haka kada ka damu.
- Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi ko shakku game da gwajin ko sakamakon, ku tattauna su a fili da likitan ku.
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