Ƙaramin jarumin jikinmu: Bari mu koyi komai game da duodenum!

Shin kun taɓa yin mamakin yadda abincin da muke ci yake samar da kuzari da abinci ga jikinmu? Wannan tafiya ce mai sarkakiya, mai ban mamaki da ke faruwa a cikin jikinmu. Don haka, akwai ƙaramin ɓangare amma mai ƙarfi wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan tafiya, amma wanda wani lokacin ba ma magana sosai game da shi. Wannan shine duodenum . A taƙaice, wannan shine ɓangaren farko na ƙaramin hanjinmu. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu yi magana game da wannan ma'aikacin shiru na tsarin narkewar abinci.

Menene babban aikin duodenum?

Ka yi tunanin duodenum a matsayin wani wuri mai cike da aiki da kuma muhimmin wuri a cikin sarkar abinci. Shi ne wuri na farko da abinci daga ciki ya haɗu. Manyan ayyuka guda uku suna faruwa a nan:

1. Rage sinadarin acid na abinci da ke fitowa daga ciki:

Idan abincin da muke ci ya shiga cikin ciki, yana haɗuwa da ruwan acidic a wurin, yana wargaza shi, kuma ya zama ruwan porridge. A fannin magani, muna kiran wannan 'chyme' . Wannan 'chyme' yana da acidic sosai. Don haka, idan ya tafi kai tsaye zuwa sauran ƙananan hanji, yana iya lalacewa. Duodenum yana fitar da hormone mai suna 'secretin' . Wannan hormone yana tafiya yana nuna wa pancreas ɗinmu alama don sakin wani enzyme da ake kira 'bicarbonate' . Kamar yadda yake narkar da wani abu mai acidic da ruwa, wannan bicarbonate yana shigowa kuma yana rage acidity na wannan 'chyme' mai acidic zuwa matakin da za a iya jurewa. Wannan ba wai kawai yana kare ƙaramin hanjinmu ba, har ma yana taimaka masa ya sha abubuwan gina jiki yadda ya kamata.

2. Juyawar 'chyme' zuwa sinadarai masu gina jiki da jiki zai iya sha:

Duodenum yana fitar da wani muhimmin hormone, cholecystokinin (CCK) . Wannan hormone yana motsa hanta, gallbladder, da pancreas don aika ruwan narkewar su cikin duodenum.

• Bile, wanda ke fitowa daga hanta da gallbladder, yana taimakawa wajen karya kitse.
• Enzyme 'lipase' daga pancreas shi ma yana karya kitse. Enzyme 'amylase' yana karya carbohydrates, kuma enzyme 'protease' yana karya furotin.

Sinadaran da aka niƙa sosai ta wannan hanyar suna shiga cikin jininmu.

3. Tura abincin da aka narkar gaba:

Ana tura ƙwayoyin abinci da sharar da ba a sha ba daga duodenum zuwa wani ɓangare na ƙaramin hanji, wato jejunum. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda tsokoki a bangon duodenum suna matsewa kuma suna hutawa. Wannan tsari mai kama da raƙuman ruwa wanda ke motsa abinci gaba ana kiransa peristalsis .

Yaya girman duodenum yake? Kuma ina yake?

Duodenum shine mafi gajarta daga cikin sassa uku na ƙaramin hanjinmu (duodenum, jejunum, ileum). Tsawonsa ya kai kimanin inci 10.– Wannan ya ɗan yi ƙasa da ƙafa ɗaya a kan ruler. Abin sha'awa, kalmar Latin "duodenum" tana nufin "yatsu 12." Wato, a da, ana auna tsawonsa ta hanyar tunanin cewa daidai yake da faɗin yatsu 12 da aka sanya gefe da gefe.

Ka yi tunanin, idan muka shimfiɗa dukkan ƙananan hanjinmu, zai kai tsawon ƙafa 22! Wannan shine kimanin tsawon filin wasan tennis. Duk da haka, duodenum, ƙaramin yanki na wannan jimlar tsawon, kimanin inci 10, shine inda mafi mahimmancin shan abubuwan gina jiki ke faruwa.

Duodenum yana ƙarƙashin cikinmu. Yana lanƙwasa a siffar harafin Turanci 'C', ko kuma takalmin doki, zuwa dama, baya, ƙasa, sannan zuwa hagu. Kan pancreas yana cikin wannan lanƙwasa mai siffar 'C'.

Menene manyan sassan duodenum?

Duodenum yana da manyan sassa guda huɗu, waɗanda aka sanya musu suna saboda wurin da suke da kuma siffarsu.

1. Babban sashe: Wannan shine ɓangaren da ke sama wanda ke haɗuwa da ciki. Tsawonsa ya kai kimanin inci 2. Yankin da yake haɗuwa kai tsaye da pylorus, wato bawul ɗin da ke barin abinci daga ciki, ana kuma kiransa da kwan fitilar duodenal. Nan ne ake samun gyambo a cikin ƙaramin hanji, saboda acid na ciki yana iya buge shi.

2. Sashe mai saukowa: Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, wannan shine sashin da ke siffar 'C' wanda ke sauka. Tsawonsa ya kai kimanin inci 4. Wannan ɓangaren yana da alaƙa da pancreas, gallbladder, da hanta ta hanyar bututun da ke ɗauke da ruwan 'ya'yan itacen.

3. Sashe na kwance (na ƙasa): Wannan kuma tsawonsa ya kai kimanin inci 4. Yana miƙewa daga dama zuwa hagu. Wannan sashe yana wucewa ta hanyar aorta da inferior vena cava, waɗanda su ne manyan jijiyoyin jini a jikinmu.

4. Sashe mai hawa: Wannan shine ƙaramin ɓangaren duodenum, tsawonsa ƙasa da inci ɗaya. Yana hawa kaɗan kuma yana haɗuwa da jejunum.

Wadanne nau'ikan yadudduka na nama ne aka yi da duodenum?

Kamar sauran hanyoyin narkewar abinci (GI tract), duodenum ya ƙunshi manyan layukan nama guda huɗu. Daga cikin mafi zurfi zuwa mafi zurfi, waɗannan sune:

1. Mucosa: Wannan shine mafi zurfin ciki. Yana ɗauke da gland da ƙananan abubuwan da ke kama da yatsu da ake kira 'microvilli' . Waɗannan microvilli suna ƙara girman saman duodenum sosai, suna ba shi damar shan ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki fiye da idan ya yi lebur.

2. Submucosa: Wannan Layer yana ɗauke da jijiyoyin jini da nama mai haɗin kai. Musamman ma, ana samun glandar Brunner a cikin wannan Layer. Waɗannan gland suna samar da wani abu da ke rage yawan acidity na chyme.

3. Muscularis:Galibi yana ƙunshe da tsoka mai santsi. Babban aikinsa shine haɗa abinci gaba da kuma tura shi gaba. Lokacin da waɗannan tsokoki suka ƙaru, 'chyme' ɗin yana haɗuwa sosai da enzymes da bile.

4. Serosa: Wannan shine mafi kariya daga waje na duodenum. Ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin epithelial squamous.

Wadanne matsaloli ne zasu iya faruwa a cikin duodenum?

Saboda duodenum yana kusa da ciki, yana iya lalacewa idan adadin acid ɗin cikin ya ƙaru. Wannan acid ɗin na iya haifar da gyambo, wanda aka fi sani da 'ulcers na peptic' , a cikin duodenum, da kuma a cikin ciki. Akwai manyan dalilai guda biyu na wannan:

• Kamuwa da cuta mai suna H. pylori . Ka yi tunanin ta kamar ƙaramar ƙwayar cuta mai muni a cikin cikinka. Tana iya lalata rufin kariya na cikinmu da duodenum kuma tana haifar da gyambo.
• Amfani da magungunan rage radadi da ake kira 'NSAIDs' (magungunan hana kumburi marasa steroid) . Wannan yana nufin magunguna kamar aspirin da ibuprofen. Wani lokaci muna shan su don ciwon jiki da ciwon kai. Amma idan muka sha su da yawa kuma akai-akai, irin waɗannan raunuka na iya tasowa.

Muhimmi: Idan wani miki da ba a yi masa magani ba ya fashe ta cikin rufin kariya na duodenum ya kuma lalata jijiyoyin jini da ke bayansa, wanda ake kira gastroduodenal jijiyar, zai iya haifar da zubar jini mai tsanani. Wannan yanayi ne da ke buƙatar magani na gaggawa.

Bugu da ƙari, cututtuka da yawa waɗanda suka fi shafar ƙaramin hanji suma suna iya shafar duodenum. Wasu misalai sune:

• Adenomas na glandar Brunner: Waɗannan ciwace-ciwacen ba na ciwon daji ba ne (marasa lahani).
• Cutar Crohn: Wannan cuta ce da ke haifar da kumburi da kumburin hanji.
• Ciwon Celiac: Yanayi ne da ke haifar da matsalolin narkewar abinci yayin cin abinci mai ɗauke da gluten.
• Ciwon Duodenal: Yanayi ne da ke sa duodenum ya rufe gaba ɗaya lokacin haihuwa.
• Ciwon Duodenal Stenosis: Yanayi ne da ke ƙunshe da duodenum (amma ba a rufe shi gaba ɗaya ba) a lokacin haihuwa.
• Ciwon daji na Duodenal: Ciwon daji da ke farawa a cikin duodenum.
• Duodenal diverticulum: Ƙaramin kumburi kamar jaka daga bangon duodenum. Waɗannan yawanci ba sa haifar da matsala ko buƙatar magani sai dai idan sun kamu da kumburi (diverticulitis).
• Ciwon Duodenitis: Kumburi a cikin duodenum.
• Toshewar ƙananan hanji: Wannan gaggawa ce ta likita. Wani ɓangare na ƙaramin hanji, gami da duodenum, ya toshe gaba ɗaya ko kuma wani ɓangare.

Mene ne alamun matsalar duodenum?

Alamomin sun dogara ne da nau'in yanayin da kake ciki. Amma gabaɗaya, alamun matsala a cikin duodenum suna kama da alamun wasu matsaloli a cikin tsarin narkewar abinci (`(GI tract)`). Suna iya haɗawa da:

• Ciwon ciki
• Kumburi da iskar gas
• Maƙarƙashiya
• Gudawa
• Tashin zuciya da amai
• Rashin narkewar abinci bayan cin abinci
• Amai da jini ko kuma zubar da jini a cikin bayan gida (wannan na iya zama alamar zubar jini daga rauni)

Wadanne gwaje-gwaje ake yi don duba lafiyar duodenum?

Idan likita ya yi tunanin kuna da matsala da duodenum ɗinku, zai iya yin gwaje-gwaje kamar haka:

• Gwajin numfashi don duba kamuwa da cutar H. pylori.
• Hanyoyin daukar hoto don neman kumbura da kumburi a cikin duodenum - misali, duban dan tayi, X-ray, CT scan, da MRI.
• Gwaje-gwajen da suka haɗa da saka bututu mai kyamara ('scope') a cikin duodenum don duba ciki - kamar "enteroscopy" da "upper endoscopy".
• Ana yin gwaje-gwajen biopsy (wanda ya haɗa da ɗaukar ƙaramin yanki na nama da duba shi) don duba ko akwai wani ci gaba mara kyau, kamar ciwon daji.

Mene ne hanyoyin da ake amfani da su wajen magance cututtukan duodenal?

Maganin kuma ya dogara da yanayin. Mafi yawan maganin sune:

• Ana ba da maganin rigakafi ga cututtuka kamar H. pylori.
• Ana ba da Corticosteroids don rage kumburi mai tsanani.
• Magungunan da ke rage yawan acid a cikin ciki ko rage yawan acid a cikin ciki - misali , magungunan hana proton pump (PPIs) , masu hana histamine receptor blockers (H2 blockers) , da magungunan rage acid .
• Tiyata don gyara matsalolin tsarin ko magance cutar kansa - misali shine tsarin Whipple .

Me zan iya yi don kiyaye lafiyar duodenum dina? (Saƙon Kai-Gida)

Duodenum wani ɓangare ne na tsarin narkewar abinci gaba ɗaya. Don haka, kyawawan halaye waɗanda ke kiyaye tsarin gaba ɗaya lafiya suma suna da kyau ga duodenum. Ga wasu abubuwa masu sauƙi da za ku iya yi:

• Zaɓi abincin da zai taimaka wa tsarin narkewar abinci ya yi aiki yadda ya kamata.
• Cin abinci mai yawan fiber (kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa, wake, hatsi gaba ɗaya).
• Sha ruwa mai yawa. Duk waɗannan za su taimaka wajen daidaita tsarin hanji da kuma hana toshewar hanji a cikin ƙaramin hanji.
• Cin abinci da kayan lambu marasa acid na iya taimakawa wajen kiyaye matakin acid mai kyau a cikin hanji.
• Guji abubuwan da ke cutar da hanjinka.
• Shan taba da shan barasa da yawa na iya lalata gabobin tsarin narkewar abinci, gami da duodenum.
• Shan magungunan rage radadi kamar NSAIDs akai-akai da kuma wuce gona da iri na iya haifar da ciwon mara.
• Idan kana da matsalar tsarin narkewar abinci, kada ka yi watsi da alamun.
• Abubuwa kamar canjin yanayin hanji, rashin jin daɗin ciki, ko rashin narkewar abinci na iya raguwa cikin 'yan kwanaki. Duk da haka, wani lokacin yana iya zama alamar gargaɗi cewa kana buƙatar yin canji a salon rayuwarka ko kuma ka ga likita.
• Idan kana da matsalolin narkewar abinci masu ɗorewa waɗanda ba sa samun sauƙi, kada ka jinkirta neman taimako.

A ƙarshe: Tsarin narkewar abinci shine abin da ke taimaka mana mu narke abincin da muke ci, mu sha abubuwan gina jiki, mu kuma kawar da sauran abubuwan da ba su da amfani daga jikinmu. Duk da cewa duodenum ƙaramin ɓangare ne na wannan tsarin, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin waɗannan manyan ayyuka guda biyu - narkewar abinci da kuma shan abubuwan gina jiki . Don haka, kula da duodenum ɗinka. Hanya mafi kyau ta yin hakan ita ce kula da lafiyar narkewar abinci gaba ɗaya. Ciyar da jikinka abinci mai gina jiki. Sannan duodenum zai iya narke wannan abincin, ya sha shi, kuma ya taimaka wa jikinka ya sami kuzari.

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