Menene Enzymes? Yadda Suke Taimakawa Jikin Dan Adam da Lafiyarmu

Sannu da zuwa asibiti! Zauna lafiya. A yau za mu tattauna ne game da wani abu mai ban mamaki sosai da ke faruwa a cikin jikinmu a duk lokacin da muke numfashi ko cin abinci. Ka taba yin mamakin yadda farantin shinkafa da miyar da muka ci yake komawa kuzari a jikinmu kuwa? Ba ma yawan tunanin abubuwan da ke faruwa a ciki, ko? Amma gaskiyar ita ce, akwai kananan ma'aikata da ba a gani da idon duniya a jikinmu wadanda suke yin duk wannan aikin. Ana kiransu enzymes. Ina fatan kana jin dadin zama da mu a yau, don haka bari mu shiga ciki mu ga yadda wadannan 'yan uwa ke taimaka mana mu rayu da koshin lafiya!

Menene enzymes? A takaice dai...

To, ka ga, enzymes ba su da wani banbanci da sauran sunadarai da ke jikinmu, amma sun fi su kuzari. Wani nau'in furotin ne na musamman. Suna taimakawa wajen hanzarta halayen sinadarai a jikinmu, wanda a kimiyya muke kiran shi da metabolism. Kawai ka yi tunani a kai: ana bukatar wadannan enzymes ne don gina sabbin abubuwa a jiki da kuma raba wasu su zama kanana. Abin mamaki shi ne, kowane halitta mai rai yana da su! Jikinmu yana samar da su da kansa, kuma muna kuma samun wasu daga cikin abincin da muke ci yau da kullum.

To, wace irin hidima waɗannan enzymes ke yi wa jiki?

Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, babbar fa'idar enzymes ita ce taimakawa wajen narkewar abinci. Narkewa shi ne tsarin da ake mayar da abincin da muka ci zuwa kuzari mai amfani. Ka tuna cewa muna da enzymes a sassa daban-daban kamar baki, mahaifar ciki (pancreas), hanji, da dai sauransu.

Misali, idan ka ci shinkafa ko tuwo, enzymes suna taimakawa wajen raba sitaci da ke cikinta zuwa sukari mai sauƙin sha. Haka kuma akwai wadanda ke narke kitse da furotin kamar wake ko nama. Wadannan suna raba komai zuwa kananan guntuwa domin jiki ya samu ya sha su yadda ya kamata. Sannan jikinmu yana amfani da wadansu abubuwan gina jiki don girma da kuma gyara kwayoyin halitta da suka lalace. Haka yake, ko? Abin mamaki ne sosai yadda jikinmu ke aiki ba tare da mun sani ba!

Baya ga narkewar abinci, ga wasu daga cikin manyan ayyukansu:

• Numfashi: Suna taimakawa wajen tafiyar da numfashinmu ba tare da an sha wahala ba.
• Girman tsoka: Jiki yana bukatar taimakon enzymes don gina tsokoki masu karfi.
• Aikin tsarin jijiyoyi: Suna da mahimmanci wajen tabbatar da cewa kwakwalwa da jijiyoyin jiki suna gudanar da sakonni yadda ya kamata.
• Cire guba daga jiki: Suna taimakawa wajen fitar da abubuwa masu cutarwa ko sharar gida daga jikinmu.

Akwai nau'ikan enzymes kuwa?

Tabbas, akwai dubban nau'ikan enzymes daban-daban a jikin dan adam! Kuma abu mafi ban sha'awa shi ne, kowane nau'in enzyme yana da takamaiman aiki guda daya tilo da zai yi. Kamar akwai kwararru daban-daban ne a wani babban kamfani. Misali:

• Sucrase: Wannan yana aiki ne kawai don rushe sukari.
• Lactase: Wannan shi ne wanda ke wargaza lactose, wato sikarin da ke cikin madara. Mutanen da ba su da shi sosai sukan ji ciwon ciki idan sun sha madara.
• Carbohydrase: Suna raba carbohydrates (kamar rogo ko shinkafa) zuwa sukari.
• Lipase: Suna narkar da kitse da mai zuwa fatty acids.
• Protease: Suna raba furotin zuwa amino acid.

Ta yaya enzyme yake aiki? Menene sassansa?

Kamar dai yadda mukayi magana a sama, bari mu ga yadda suke gudanar da wannan aiki. Kowace enzyme tana da wuri na musamman da ake kira "wurin aiki" (active site). Wannan wuri yana da wata siffa ta musamman. Sinadarin da enzyme ke aiki a kai kuma ana kiransa "substrate." Wannan shi ma yana da tasa siffar da ta dace da waccan.

Ka yi tunaninsa kamar maballi da kwandon kofarsa. Idan enzyme shi ne maballi, to substrate shi ne kwandon da yake shiga daidai. Idan ba su dace ba, babu abin da zai faru. Amma idan sun hadu tsaf, sai kofar ta bude, wato halayen sinadarai su fara faruwa a jiki ke nan! Yayi kyau hakan, ko?

Ta yaya zafin jiki da pH ke shafar enzymes?

Domin enzymes su yi aiki yadda ya kamata, suna bukatar muhalli mai kyau da daidaito. Idan muhallin bai yi daidai ba, siffar enzymes na iya canzawa, sannan maballi da kwandon ba za su sake haduwa ba. Ka ga kenan, yanayi yana da muhimmanci sosai!

pH: Wannan ma'auni ne na yadda wani abu yake da tsami (acidic) ko kuma zaki/alkaline. Idan muhallin ya yi tsami sosai ko ya yi kauri sosai, enzymes ba za su yi aiki ba. Misali, enzyme din pepsin da ke cikin ciki yana bukatar yanayi mai tsami kadan domin ya wargaza sunadarai yadda ya kamata.

Zafin Jiki: Enzymes suna son yanayin zafin jikinmu na yau da kullun, wanda yake kusan digiri 37 na Celsius (98.6°F). Yayin da zafin jiki ke dan karuwa, ayyukansu na hanzarta. Amma idan zafin jiki ya yi yawa sosai, misali idan mutum ya yi zazzabi mai zafi sosai, enzymes din za su daina aiki yadda ya kamata. Shi ya sa idan mutum ya yi zazzabi, yake jin jikinsa a sanyaye kuma ba ya da kuzari. Wadannan kananan ma'aikata sun dan yi sanyi ne saboda zafin da ya yi yawa a jiki!

Waɗanne cututtuka ne matsalolin enzymes za su iya haifarwa?

Wani lokaci, idan jiki bai da isasshen wani enzyme saboda dalilai na gado ko wasu cututtuka, matsalolin metabolism na iya faruwa. Bari mu duba wasu daga ciki:

• Cutar Fabry: Jiki ba ya iya samar da sinadarin enzyme na alpha-galactosidase A, wanda ake bukata don wargaza kitse a jiki.
• Cutar Krabbe: Wannan yana shafar murfin kariya da ke kewaye da kwayoyin jijiyoyin jiki da ake kira myelin.
• Rashin isasshen sinadarin pancreatic (EPI): Wannan shi ne lokacin da mahaifar ciki (pancreas) ba ta samar da isasshen enzymes na narkewar abinci ba. Wannan na iya fitowa daga ciwon pancreas na yau da kullun ko cutar suga.
• Rashin jure wa Lactose Intolerance): Rashin isasshen lactase da ke sa mutum jin kumburi ko iskar gas bayan shan madara.

Ga teburin da ke nuna wasu daga cikin wadannan matsaloli da abin da ya kamata a yi:

Ta yaya gwaje-gwajen enzyme ke gano cututtuka?

Idan kana da wata damuwa, likitanka a karamin asibiti ko babban asibiti zai iya amfani da gwajin jini don duba matakan enzymes, musamman enzymes na hanta. Idan matakan sun yi yawa ko sun yi kasa da yadda ya kamata, hakan na iya zama alamar cewa wani abu na damun wani sassa na jikinka, kamar hanta ko zuciya.

Ya kamata in sha ƙarin enzymes?

Gabaɗaya, idan kana da lafiya kuma kana cin abinci mai gina jiki da ya dace, jikinka yana samar da duk abin da kake bukata. Amma idan kana da wata matsala kamar ta EPI, likitanka zai iya ba da shawarar ka sha maganin enzymes tare da abinci domin taimaka wa jikinka wajen sha abubuwan gina jiki. Kar ka taba shan kowane irin kari da kanka ba tare da jin ta bakin kwararre ba, ya kamata a yi hakan karkashin kulawar likita.

Shin magunguna za su iya shafar matakan enzymes?

Haka ne! Wasu magunguna na iya kawo canji a matakan enzymes a jiki. Misali, magungunan rigakafi (antibiotics) wani lokaci sukan kashe kwayoyin cuta masu kyau a cikin ciki wadanda ke taimakawa wajen ayyukan enzymes, wanda ke haifar da dan ciwon ciki ko gudawa. Haka ma statins da ake amfani da su wajen rage cholesterol na iya shafar hanta da tsoka.

Yaushe ya kamata ka ga likita game da matsalar enzyme?

Gaskiya ne cewa ba za a iya sanin matsalar enzyme ba tare da gwaji ba, amma akwai wasu alamomi da suke nuna cewa kana bukatar zuwa ganin likita a asibitin kusa da kai:

• Ciwon ciki mai tsanani
• Kumburi ko yawan iskar gas a ciki
• Gudawa ta yau da kullum
• Gajiya mara dalili
• Tashin zuciya da amai
• Rage nauyin jiki ba tare da dalili ba

A ƙarshe, abubuwan da za a tuna (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

Enzymes kanana ne amma suna da matukar muhimmanci wajen sa rayuwarmu ta kasance cikin koshin lafiya. Suna taimakawa da komai tun daga numfashi har zuwa narkewar abincin da muka ci. Idan wani abu ya samu matsala a cikinsu, jiki na iya nuna alamomi daban-daban. Don haka, yana da kyau mu kula da abincinmu kuma mu nemi shawara a asibiti idan wani abu ya faru.