Shin kun taɓa yin mamakin yadda abincin da muke ci, misali farantin shinkafa, yake ba wa jikinmu kuzari? Ko kuma lokacin da muke numfashi, lokacin da tsokokinmu suka girma, game da ƙanana amma masu ƙarfi a bayan duk wannan? Waɗannan abokai ana kiransu enzymes . Waɗannan kamar ƙananan ma'aikatan masana'antu ne, waɗanda ba a iya gani a jikinmu, suna taimaka mana mu rayu koyaushe.
Menene enzymes? A takaice dai...
Enzymes wani nau'in furotin ne. Suna taimakawa wajen hanzarta halayen sinadarai a jikinmu, wanda ake kira metabolism . Kawai ka yi tunani, ana buƙatar waɗannan enzymes don gina wasu abubuwa da kuma lalata wasu. Abin mamaki shine, duk halittu masu rai suna da enzymes!
Jikinmu yana samar da enzymes ta hanyar halitta. Muna kuma samun enzymes daga wasu daga cikin abincin da muke ci da kuma wasu kayayyakin da aka ƙera.
To, wace irin hidima waɗannan enzymes ke yi wa jiki?
Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ayyukan enzymes shine taimakawa wajen narkar da abinci . Narkewa shine tsarin da ake mayar da abincin da muke ci zuwa kuzari. Ka yi tunani a kai, muna da enzymes a cikin yau, pancreas, hanji, da ciki.
Misali, idan ka ci shinkafa, enzymes suna taimakawa wajen raba sitaci da ke cikinta zuwa sukari. Haka kuma akwai enzymes don narke wani abu mai kitse ko abinci mai wadataccen furotin kamar lentil. Waɗannan suna narke kitse, furotin, da carbohydrates zuwa ƙananan guntu waɗanda jiki zai iya sha. Sannan jiki yana amfani da waɗannan abubuwan gina jiki don girma da gyaran ƙwayoyin halitta.
Baya ga narkewar abinci, enzymes suna taimakawa da wasu abubuwa da yawa:
- Numfashi: Eh, wannan enzyme yana aiki lokacin da muke numfashi.
- Girman tsoka: Jiki kuma yana buƙatar taimakon enzymes don gina tsoka.
- Don aikin tsarin jijiyoyi: Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci ga tsarin jijiyoyinmu su yi aiki yadda ya kamata.
- Don cire guba daga jiki: Enzymes kuma suna taimakawa wajen cire abubuwa masu cutarwa, wato , guba , da ke taruwa a jikinmu.
Akwai nau'ikan enzymes?
To, eh! Akwai dubban nau'ikan enzymes daban-daban a jikinmu. Abu na musamman shi ne, kowane nau'in enzymes yana da takamaiman aiki ɗaya kawai da zai yi . Kamar akwai ƙwararru daban-daban ga kowane aiki.
Misali:
- Enzyme na Sucrase yana aiki ne kawai don rushe sukari.
- Lactase wani enzyme ne da ke wargaza lactose mai sukari da ake samu a cikin madara. Wasu mutane suna jin ciwon ciki idan suka sha madara saboda rashin wannan enzyme.
Ga wasu daga cikin mahimman nau'ikan enzymes a cikin narkewar mu:
- Carbohydrase: Waɗannan suna raba carbohydrates (kamar sitaci) zuwa sukari.
- Lipase:Waɗannan suna narkar da kitse (abubuwa kamar mai) zuwa fatty acids.
- Protease: Waɗannan suna raba furotin zuwa amino acid.
Ta yaya enzyme yake aiki? Menene sassansa?
Mai sauƙi ƙwarai. Kowace enzyme tana da wuri da ake kira "wurin aiki." Wannan kamar siffa ce ta musamman a kan enzyme. Sinadarin da enzyme ke aiki a kai ana kiransa "substrate." Wannan substrate kuma yana da siffarsa ta musamman.
Ka yi tunaninsa kamar maɓalli da maɓalli. Idan enzyme shine maɓalli, substrate shine maɓallin da ya dace da shi daidai. Sai lokacin da waɗannan biyun suka haɗu daidai ne enzyme ɗin zai iya aiki. Wato, kamar lokacin da aka sanya maɓalli a cikin maɓalli kuma ƙofar ta buɗe, amsawar sinadarai tana faruwa lokacin da substrate ɗin ya haɗu da wurin aiki.
Ta yaya zafin jiki da pH ke shafar enzymes?
Domin enzymes su yi aiki yadda ya kamata, suna buƙatar samun muhalli mai kyau . Idan muhallin bai yi daidai ba, siffar enzymes na iya canzawa. Sannan maɓallin da maɓallin ba sa haɗuwa daidai, kuma enzymes ɗin ba sa aiki.
Kowane enzyme yana da takamaiman zafin jiki da pH wanda ke aiki mafi kyau.
- pH: Wannan ma'auni ne na yadda wani abu mai acidic ko alkaline yake. Enzymes suna da matuƙar tasiri ga wannan. Idan muhallin yana da acidic ko alkaline sosai, enzymes ɗin ba za su yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba. Misali, enzyme pepsin da ke cikinmu yana taimakawa wajen wargaza sunadarai. Idan babu isasshen acid a cikin ciki, pepsin ba zai iya aiki yadda ya kamata ba.
- Zafin Jiki: Enzymes suna aiki mafi kyau a yanayin zafin jikinmu na yau da kullun, wanda yake kusan digiri 37 na Celsius (98.6°F). Yayin da zafin jiki ke ƙaruwa, halayen enzymes suna ƙaruwa. Duk da haka, idan zafin ya ƙaru da yawa, enzymes ɗin suna daina aiki. Shi ya sa idan muka kamu da zazzabi mai tsanani, ayyukan jikinmu suna raguwa. Enzymes ɗin suna fita daga tsari.
Waɗanne cututtuka ne matsalolin enzymes za su iya haifarwa?
Wani lokaci, idan jikinmu bai da isasshen wani enzyme , matsalolin metabolism na iya faruwa. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan ana iya yada su daga iyaye zuwa ga yara ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta (watau gado).
Wasu daga cikin waɗannan cututtukan da suka shafi metabolism na gado sune:
- Cutar Fabry: A wannan yanayin, jiki ba zai iya samar da sinadarin enzyme alpha-galactosidase A ba, wanda ake buƙata don wargaza kitse (lipids).
- Cutar Krabbe (leukodystrophy na ƙwayoyin halitta na duniya): Wannan yana shafar murfin kariya da ke kewaye da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, wanda ake kira myelin , da kuma enzymes da ake buƙata don shi. Yana shafar Tsarin Jijiyoyi na Tsakiya .
- Cutar fitsari ta Maple syrup: Wannan ya haɗa da wasuAna shafar enzymes da ake buƙata don wargaza sarkar amino acid masu reshe.
Baya ga wannan, akwai wasu matsalolin lafiya da rashin daidaiton enzymes zai iya haifarwa:
- Cutar Crohn: Rashin daidaito a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin hanjinmu (ƙwayoyin cuta na hanji) na iya haifar da amsawar rigakafi a cikin hanji. Wannan na iya shafar yanayi da tsananin cutar.
- Rashin isasshen sinadarin pancreatic na Exocrine (EPI): Wannan shine lokacin da pancreas ɗinka ba ya samar da isasshen enzymes na narkewar abinci. Wannan yana nufin ba za ka iya narke abinci yadda ya kamata ko shan abubuwan gina jiki ba. EPI na iya faruwa ne sakamakon cututtuka kamar ciwon pancreas na yau da kullun , ciwon daji na pancreas , ciwon suga, ko cystic fibrosis .
- Rashin jure wa Lactose: Wannan yanayin yana faruwa ne sakamakon rashin sinadarin enzyme (lactase) da ake buƙata don narke lactose, wani sukari da ake samu a cikin madara da kayayyakin kiwo. Mutane da yawa suna fuskantar alamu kamar kumburi da iskar gas bayan sun sha madara.
Ta yaya gwaje-gwajen enzyme ke gano cututtuka?
Likitan ku zai iya amfani da gwaje-gwajen jini don duba wasu yanayi na lafiya, kamar hauhawar matakan enzymes na hanta, wanda zai iya zama alamar cutar hanta .
Ya kamata in sha ƙarin enzymes?
Gabaɗaya, mutumin da ba shi da cututtuka na yau da kullun kuma yana cin abinci mai kyau zai sami adadin enzymes da ake buƙata a jikinsa.
Duk da haka, idan kana da wata matsala ta lafiya (kamar EPI), likitanka zai iya ba da shawarar ka sha ƙarin sinadarin enzyme. Mutane da yawa da ke fama da EPI suna shan maganin enzyme na narkewa kafin su ci abinci. Wannan yana taimaka wa jikinsu ya sha abubuwan gina jiki daga abinci.
Abu mafi mahimmanci shine koyaushe ya kamata ka nemi shawarar likita kafin shan duk wani ƙarin sinadarin enzyme. Ba kyakkyawan ra'ayi bane ka yi amfani da waɗannan da kanka.
Shin magunguna za su iya shafar matakan enzymes?
Haka ne, wasu magunguna na iya haifar da canje-canje a matakan enzymes.
- Misali, maganin rigakafi na iya kashe ƙwayoyin cuta masu kyau waɗanda ake buƙata don wasu enzymes su yi aiki yadda ya kamata. Shi ya sa a wasu lokutan magungunan rigakafi ke haifar da ciwon ciki da gudawa. Idan suka kashe ƙwayoyin cuta marasa kyau waɗanda ke haifar da rashin lafiya, suna kuma kashe ƙwayoyin cuta masu kyau waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen narkewar abinci.
- Statins (magungunan rage cholesterol) na iya ƙara yawan enzymes na hanta da tsoka, wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewar hanta ko tsoka.
Yaushe ya kamata ka ga likita game da matsalar enzyme?
Ba zai yiwu a san tabbas ko kana da matsalar sinadarin enzyme ba tare da gwajin jini ba. Duk da haka, idan kana da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan alamun, yana da mahimmanci ka ga likita don neman shawara:
- Ciwon ciki
- Kumburi ko iskar gas
- Gudawa
- Gajiya akai-akai
- Tashin zuciya da amai
- Rage nauyi mara dalili
- Rashin jini (rashin ƙwayoyin jinin ja)
- Zubar da jini a cikin hanji
A ƙarshe, abubuwan da za a tuna (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)
Enzymes ƙanana ne, amma masu taimako masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke sauƙaƙa halayen sinadarai a jikinmu. Suna taimakawa da komai, tun daga numfashi zuwa narkewar abinci. Ƙarancin ko yawan enzyme na iya haifar da matsalolin lafiya. Mutanen da ke da wasu cututtuka na yau da kullun na iya buƙatar shan ƙarin enzyme don taimakawa jikinsu ya yi aiki yadda ya kamata. Duk da haka, ya kamata a yi wannan ne kawai a ƙarƙashin kulawar likita.
Idan kana da wata shakka ko tambayoyi, ka tabbata ka yi magana da likita. Matsayin enzymes yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga rayuwa mai lafiya!
` enzymes, narkewar abinci, metabolism, lafiya, narkewar abinci, sunadarai, carbohydrates, pH, cututtukan metabolism
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