Sannu! Yaya kake? A yau, za mu yi magana game da jaruman da ba a taɓa jin su ba suna aiki a hankali a cikinka don kiyaye komai cikin sauƙi: enzymes. Wataƙila kun taɓa jin kalmar a da, amma idan ba haka ba, kada ku damu—bari mu raba ta cikin sauƙi.
To, menene ainihin enzymes, kuma me yasa kuke buƙatar su?
A taƙaice dai, enzymes wani nau'in furotin ne. Za ka iya ɗaukar su a matsayin ƙananan ma'aikata masu ƙwarewa sosai a cikin jikinka. Babban aikinsu shine hanzarta halayen sinadarai , waɗanda su ne tushen metabolism ɗinka. Ko jikinka yana buƙatar gina wani abu ko ya lalata wani abu, enzymes su ne ke sauƙaƙa aikin. A gaskiya ma, kowace halitta mai rai ta dogara da su don yin aiki.
Jikinka yana samar da enzymes ta hanyar halitta, amma kuma kana samun su ta hanyar abincin da kake ci, kuma wani lokacin, ta hanyar kari.
Mene ne mafi mahimmancin rawar da enzymes ke takawa a jikinka?
Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ayyukan enzymes shine narkewar abinci - tsarin mayar da abincin da kuke ci zuwa makamashi mai amfani. Kuna da enzymes a duk faɗin hanyar narkewar abinci, ciki har da a cikin amai, pancreas, hanji, da ciki. Suna rushe kitse, sunadarai, da carbohydrates da kuke ci don jikinku ya iya shan abubuwan gina jiki da ake buƙata don girma da gyaran ƙwayoyin halitta .
Bayan narkewar abinci, enzymes suna da mahimmanci ga wasu muhimman ayyuka da yawa, gami da:
Akwai nau'ikan enzymes daban-daban?
Eh, jikinka yana ɗauke da dubban enzymes daban-daban. Abu na musamman game da su shine cewa kowace enzyme yawanci tana yin aiki ɗaya kawai - kamar maɓalli wanda ya dace da takamaiman kulle ɗaya kawai. Misali, sucrase musamman yana lalata sucrose na sukari, yayin da lactase ke da alhakin rushe lactose, sukari da ake samu a cikin kayayyakin kiwo.
Ga wasu daga cikin manyan enzymes da ke cikin tsarin narkewar abinci:
| Nau'in Enzyme | aiki | Misalai |
|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrates | Yana raba carbohydrates zuwa sukari mai sauƙi. | Amylase (wanda ake samu a cikin yau da kuma pancreas). |
| Lipase | Yana raba kitse zuwa fatty acids da glycerol. | Ana samunsa a cikin pancreas da ciki. |
| Protease | Yana raba sunadaran zuwa amino acid. | Pepsin, Trypsin. |
Ta yaya enzymes ke aiki?
Kowace enzyme tana da takamaiman yanki da ake kira wurin aiki mai siffa ta musamman. Ana kiran kwayar halittar enzyme da ke aiki da ita substrate , wanda kuma yana da takamaiman siffa. Suna haɗuwa tare kamar makulli da maɓalli. Dole ne enzyme da substrate su dace daidai don amsawar ta faru.
Ka yi tunanin kamar guda biyu na Lego suna haɗuwa tare. Enzyme ɗin yanki ɗaya ne, ɗayan kuma shine substrate. Amsar tana faruwa ne kawai idan sun haɗu daidai.
Ta yaya zafin jiki da pH ke shafar enzymes?
Enzymes suna buƙatar yanayi mafi kyau na muhalli don yin aiki. Idan ba a cika waɗannan yanayi ba, enzyme ɗin zai iya canza siffa, ma'ana ba zai sake "daidaita" da substrate ɗinsa ba, kuma zai daina aiki yadda ya kamata.
Kowane enzyme yana da mafi kyawun matakin zafin jiki da matakin pH :
- Matakin pH: Enzymes suna da matuƙar tasiri ga acidity da alkaline. Idan muhalli ya zama mai yawan acidic ko kuma mai sauƙin amfani, suna daina aiki. Misali, pepsin a cikin cikinka yana buƙatar yanayi mai acidic don rushe sunadarai. Idan acidity a cikin cikinka bai isa ba, pepsin ba zai iya aiki yadda ya kamata ba.
- Zafin Jiki: Enzymes suna aiki mafi kyau a yanayin zafin jikinka na yau da kullun na kimanin digiri 37 na Celsius (98.6 na Fahrenheit). Duk da cewa aikin enzymes yakan ƙaru yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru, idan zafin ya yi yawa, enzym ɗin zai yi rauni ya daina aiki. Shi ya sa zazzabi mai tsanani zai iya tsoma baki ga muhimman ayyukan jikinka.
Waɗanne yanayi ne ke da alaƙa da matsalolin enzyme?
Matsalolin metabolism da yawa suna faruwa ne lokacin da jikinka bai da isasshen adadin wani takamaiman enzyme. Waɗannan galibi ana gado su. Wasu misalai sun haɗa da:
- Cutar Fabry : Yana faruwa ne sakamakon ƙarancin sinadarin alpha-galactosidase A , wanda ake buƙata don wargaza wasu kitse (lipids).
- Cutar Krabbe: Wannan yanayin yana shafar enzymes da ake buƙata don kula da myelin , murfin kariya na ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a cikin tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya.
- Cutar fitsari ta Maple syrup: Wannan ya ƙunshi rashin iya wargaza wasu amino acid masu sarkakiya saboda ƙarancin enzymes.
Sauran yanayin lafiya da ke da alaƙa da rashin daidaiton enzyme sun haɗa da:
- Cutar Crohn: Rashin daidaito a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta na hanji na iya haifar da amsawar rigakafi a cikin hanji, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga tsananin alamun cutar Crohn.
- Rashin isasshen sinadarin pancreas na Exocrine (EPI): Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da pancreas ɗinka bai samar da isasshen enzymes na narkewar abinci ba, wanda ke hana jikinka karye abinci da kuma shan abubuwan gina jiki yadda ya kamata.
- Rashin Lactose: Rashin Lactase, sinadarin enzyme da ake buƙata don narke sukari a cikin kayayyakin kiwo ya haifar da rashin lactase.
Yaushe ya kamata ku ga likita game da matsalolin enzyme?
Ba zai yiwu a san tabbas ko kana da matsalar enzyme ba tare da gwajin jini ba. Duk da haka, idan ka fuskanci ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan alamun, ya fi kyau ka tuntuɓi likita:
- Ciwon ciki
- Kumburi ko iskar gas
- Gudawa
- Gajiya
- Tashin zuciya da amai
- Rage nauyi mara dalili
- Rashin jini
- Zubar da jini a cikin hanji
Menene abin da za a ɗauka?
A taƙaice dai, enzymes muhimman abubuwa ne da ke sauƙaƙa halayen sinadarai da ake buƙata don rayuwa. Daga numfashi zuwa narkewar abinci, suna da hannu a komai. Idan matakin enzyme ya yi ƙasa ko ya yi yawa, matsalolin lafiya na iya tasowa. Ga waɗanda ke da wasu cututtuka na yau da kullun, likita zai iya ba da shawarar ƙarin enzyme. Duk da haka, koyaushe ku tuna cewa ya kamata a sha ƙarin enzyme ne kawai a ƙarƙashin kulawar likita. Idan kuna da wata damuwa ko tambayoyi game da lafiyar ku, kada ku yi jinkirin yin magana da mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya.
