Shin likita ya yi maka gwajin Gram Stain? (Gram Stain) Bari mu gano game da wannan a sauƙaƙe!

Shin kana da tari wanda baya fita cikin 'yan kwanaki, ko kuma alamun kamuwa da cutar fitsari da ke damun ka? Wataƙila lokacin da ka je wurin likita, ya rubuta maka gwaji da ake kira 'Gram Stain'. Wannan sunan na iya yin kama da wani abu mai ban mamaki. Amma wannan a zahiri gwaji ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci, mai sauri wanda ake amfani da shi don gano cututtuka a jikinmu. Don haka, bari mu yi magana game da wannan a sauƙaƙe, ta hanyar da za ka iya fahimta.

Menene Gram Stain kawai?

A taƙaice dai, tabon Gram gwaji ne da ake yi a dakin gwaje-gwaje. A zahiri yana neman ƙwayoyin cuta a wani yanki na jikinka inda akwai kamuwa da cuta. Ka yi tunanin kana da rauni da ke fitar da ruwa. Sannan za a iya aika ƙaramin samfurin wannan raunin don wannan gwajin.

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan fa'idodin wannan gwajin shine cewa sakamakon yana samuwa cikin sauri. Wannan yana bawa likita damar tantance ko kuna da kamuwa da cuta ta ƙwayoyin cuta cikin sauri, kuma idan haka ne, wane nau'insa. Wannan yana taimaka wa likita ya sami fahimtar asali game da maganin da zai ba ku.

Ba dukkan ƙwayoyin cuta da ke jikinmu ba ne marasa kyau. Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta ne masu kyau waɗanda ke taimaka mana. Amma wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta suna haifar mana da cututtuka da cututtuka. Gwajin Gram Stain yana taimaka mana mu gano ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa waɗanda ke haifar da waɗannan cututtuka.

Mene ne wannan labarin game da Gram-positive da Gram-negative?

Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren gwajin tabon Gram. Ka yi tunanin ƙwayoyin cuta a matsayin ƙananan halittu masu sanye da nau'ikan tufafi daban-daban. Gwajin tabon Gram ya ƙunshi shafa nau'ikan tabon musamman da dama ga ƙwayoyin cuta. Sannan, dangane da bambance-bambancen da ke cikin bangon ƙwayoyin cuta, sun rabu zuwa launuka biyu.

1. Kwayoyin cuta masu gram-positive: Bango na ƙwayoyin halittarsu an yi su ne da wani abu mai kauri da ake kira "Peptidoglycan." Wannan shine dalilin da yasa suke canza launin shuɗi-shuɗi idan aka yi musu fenti.

2. Kwayoyin cuta masu kama da gram-negative: Waɗannan suna da siraran bangon ƙwayoyin halitta, don haka suna canza launin ruwan hoda-ja idan aka yi musu fenti.

Yanzu bari mu dubi manyan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta da ke cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi biyu da kuma cututtukan da suke haifarwa.

Menene bambanci tsakanin Gram stain da al'adar ƙwayoyin cuta?

Likitanka zai iya ba da shawarar a yi duk waɗannan gwaje-gwajen tare, amma bayanin da suke bayarwa ya bambanta.

• Tabon Gram: Wannan kamar hoto ne nan take. Yana ba da cikakken bayani game da ko ƙwayoyin cuta suna nan, idan haka ne, ko suna da Gram-positive ko Gram-negative, da kuma yadda siffarsu take (zagaye ko kama da sanda).
• Al'adar Kwayoyin Cuta: Wannan ya ƙunshi shuka ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin samfurin ku a cikin wani wuri na musamman a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Kamar shuka shuka ne. Wannan na iya ɗaukar 'yan kwanaki. Da zarar ƙwayoyin cuta sun girma sosai, za ku iya gano su kuma ku gano waɗanne magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ne suka fi dacewa da su.

A taƙaice dai, Gram stain yana ba da jagora mai sauri, yayin da al'adar ƙwayoyin cuta ke ba da tabbaci mafi inganci .

Yaya ake yin gwajin Gram Stain?

Za a iya raba wannan tsari zuwa manyan matakai uku.

1. Tattara samfurin

Hanyar ɗaukar samfurin zai bambanta dangane da inda kake zargin kana da kamuwa da cutar.

• Da swab: Ana iya ɗaukar samfurin daga wurare kamar makogwaro, hanci, raunukan fata, da kuma wuraren al'aura ta amfani da swab na auduga.
• Tattara abubuwan da ke fita daga jiki: Za ka iya tattara abubuwa kamar majina, fitsari, da najasa a cikin akwati mai tsafta.
• Buga allura mai laushi: Ana amfani da wannan hanyar don samun ruwa daga cikin jiki, misali, daga gidajen abinci, a kusa da huhu, ko a kusa da zuciya.

2. Abin da ke faruwa a dakin gwaje-gwaje

Da zarar samfurinka ya isa dakin gwaje-gwaje, masanin kimiyyar dakin gwaje-gwaje na likitanci zai shimfiɗa shi a kan gilashin zamiya. Sannan, za su ƙara rini guda huɗu na musamman, waɗanda aka tattauna a baya, a ciki sannan su wanke shi.

3. Duba ta hanyar na'urar hangen nesa (microscope)

A ƙarshe, ana duba wannan zamewar da aka shirya ta hanyar na'urar hangen nesa (microscope). Wannan shine lokacin da muka lura ko akwai ƙwayoyin cuta, launinsu (shuɗi/shuɗi ko ruwan hoda/ja), siffarsu (zagaye (cocci) ko mai siffar sanda (bacilli)), da kuma yadda aka haɗa su wuri ɗaya (su kaɗai, a cikin nau'i biyu, ko a cikin gungu).

Me rahoton binciken ya ce?

Akwai manyan sakamako guda biyu a cikin rahoton gwajin ku.

• Tabon Gram mara kyau (Ba a ga wani abu da ya shafi halitta ba): Wannan yana nufin cewa ba a ga wani abu da ke cikin zamiya ba. Duk da haka, wani lokacin wannan na iya faruwa idan akwai ƙwayoyin cuta kaɗan. Don haka za ku iya jira rahoton al'ada.
• Tabon Gram Mai Kyau: Wannan yana nufin cewa ƙwayoyin cuta suna nan a cikin samfurin ku. Rahoton na iya ƙunsar cikakkun bayanai kamar:
• Nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta: Mai gram-positive ko Gram-negative?
• Siffar ƙwayoyin cuta: `cocci` (zagaye) ko `bacilli` (sanduna)?
• Sauran ƙwayoyin halitta: Haka kuma za a iya lura ko akwai wasu ƙwayoyin halitta, kamar fararen ƙwayoyin jini (alamar kamuwa da cuta).

Ta hanyar tattara duk waɗannan bayanai da kuma kwatanta su da alamun cutar, likita zai fara maganin da ya fi tasiri a gare ku.