Shin ƙwayoyin jininka suna raguwa da sauri? Bari mu yi magana game da hemolysis!

Shin wani lokacin kana jin gajiya da jiri kawai? Ko kuma wani lokacin kana jin kamar fatar jikinka ta yi rawaya kaɗan, kuma fararen idanunka sun yi rawaya? Wannan na iya zama wani abu da ya shafi ƙwayoyin jininka ja, ɗaya daga cikin mahimman nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin jininka. A yau za mu yi magana game da wata cuta da ake kira hemolysis , wadda ke faruwa lokacin da ƙwayoyin jinin ja ke karyewa kuma suka lalace da wuri. Kada ka damu, yana da mahimmanci ka san da wannan.

Menene ainihin hemolysis?

A taƙaice dai, hemolysis shine lalata ƙwayoyin jinin ja a jikinmu . Ka sani, waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja kamar ƙananan ma'aikata ne a cikin jininmu. Su ne waɗanda ke ɗaukar iskar oxygen daga huhu lokacin da muke numfashi kuma suna kai shi ga kowace ƙwayar halitta da kyallen jiki. Kamar kawo silinda mai iskar gas gida ne. Don haka, jikinmu yana amfani da wannan iskar oxygen don samar da kuzarin da yake buƙata. Haka kuma, waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja suna taimakawa wajen ɗaukar iskar carbon dioxide da ba a so da ke taruwa a jikinmu zuwa huhu da kuma fitar da shi.

A al'ada, jikinmu yana ci gaba da lalata tsoffin ƙwayoyin jini ja ko marasa ƙarfi kuma yana maye gurbinsu da sabbin ƙwayoyin jini ja masu lafiya. Wannan kamar kawar da tsoffin ne da kuma samun sababbi. Wannan zagayowar lalacewa da samarwa shine dalilin da yasa koyaushe muke da adadin ƙwayoyin jini ja da suka dace a jikinmu.

Duk da haka, wani lokacin waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja suna fara lalacewa da wuri, wato, da sauri . Wannan na iya faruwa kafin jikinmu ya sami lokacin yin sabbin ƙwayoyin halitta don cike gibin. Wannan saurin lalata ƙwayoyin jinin ja ana kiransa hemolysis. Idan adadin ƙwayoyin jinin ja a cikin jiki ya ragu sosai saboda wannan hemolysis, muna kiran wannan yanayin hemolytic anemia , ko anemia.

Me yasa ake lalata ƙwayoyin jinin ja ta wannan hanyar?

Kwayar jinin ja yawanci tana rayuwa har tsawon kwanaki 120. A ƙarshen wannan lokacin, idan waɗannan ƙwayoyin suka tsufa, suna fitar da sigina na musamman. Waɗannan siginar suna sa saifa (wanda ke gefen hagu na cikinmu) a jikinmu ta lalata waɗannan tsofaffin ƙwayoyin ta hanyar da ta dace. Kamar yadda muke kawar da tsoffin kayan daki da suka lalace a gidanmu.

Ana yin sabbin ƙwayoyin jinin ja a cikin wani ɓangare mai laushi na ƙasusuwanmu da ake kira ƙashin ƙugu . Sannan sabbin ƙwayoyin jinin ja da aka yi a cikin wannan ƙashin ƙugu za a sake su cikin jini.

Duk da haka, wani lokacin lahani a siffar ko abun da ke cikin ƙwayar jinin ja na iya rage tsawon rayuwarsa. Ko kuma, ƙwayoyin jinin ja na iya lalacewa ta hanyar abubuwan waje kuma su mutu kafin jiki ya iya ƙirƙirar sabbin ƙwayoyin.

Mene ne manyan nau'ikan hemolysis?

Za a iya raba sinadarin hemolysis zuwa manyan nau'i biyu. Waɗannan sunaye suna nufin inda aka lalata ƙwayoyin jinin ja.

1. Hawan jini daga jijiyoyin jini: Wannan shine lokacin da aka lalata ƙwayoyin jinin ja a wajen jijiyoyin jininmu (watau, jijiyoyin jini, jijiyoyin jini, da kuma capillaries). Sau da yawa, wannan yana faruwa a cikin saifa . Yayin da jini ke ratsa ta cikin saifa, wani nau'in ƙwayar jinin farin jini na musamman da ake kira macrophages (waɗannan kamar masu tsaron jikinmu ne) yana gane tsoffin ƙwayoyin jinin ja da suka lalace kuma yana lalata su.

2. Hawan jini a cikin jijiyoyin jini: A cikin wannan, ƙwayoyin jini ja suna lalacewa a cikin jijiyoyin jini. Idan suka lalace, sassan waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna tafiya a cikin jiki tare da jininmu.

Mene ne dalilan da ke haifar da hemolysis?

Ba wai kawai akwai sanadin haemolysis ba, amma akwai wasu abubuwa da dama da za su iya taimakawa wajen hakan. Bari mu duba shi dalla-dalla.

1. Lalacewa a cikin ƙwayoyin jinin ja da kansu

Wani lokaci, idan akwai wata matsala ko lahani a siffar ko tsarin ƙwayar jinin ja, wannan ƙwayar za ta iya lalacewa da sauri. Irin waɗannan lahani galibi suna faruwa ne sakamakon wasu cututtuka da aka haifa a lokacin haihuwa, ko kuma waɗanda aka gada .

• Rashin daidaiton Hemoglobin: Hemoglobin furotin ne da ke taimakawa wajen ɗaukar iskar oxygen a cikin ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Yanayi da ke haifar da wannan rashin daidaito sun haɗa da cutar sickle cell anemia (inda ƙwayoyin jinin ja ke zama siffa ta sickle) da kuma thalassemia .
• Rashin sinadarin enzyme: Wannan yanayin na iya faruwa ne lokacin da wasu enzymes da ake buƙata don aikin ƙwayoyin jinin ja suka rasa. Misalan sun haɗa da rashin sinadarin G6PD da kuma rashin sinadarin pyruvate kinase .
• Lalacewar membrane: Yanayi inda akwai lahani a cikin murfin waje na ƙwayoyin jinin ja, membrane na tantanin halitta. Misalan sun haɗa da spherocytosis na gado ( ƙwayoyin suna zama masu siffar ƙwallo) da elliptocytosis na gado (ƙwayoyin suna zama tsayi).

2. Cututtukan da suka shafi tsarin garkuwar jiki

Wani lokaci tsarin garkuwar jikinmu (tsarin da ke kare mu daga cututtuka) yana fara kai hari ga ƙwayoyin jininmu na ja. Wannan ana kiransa da cutar anemia ta hemolytic (AIHA) . Wannan yanayi ne da ba kasafai ake samunsa ba. Akwai kuma nau'ikan wannan:

• Cutar sanyi ta agglutinin ( alamomin suna ƙara ta'azzara idan aka fallasa su ga sanyi)
• Cutar agglutinin mai dumi

Wasu wasu yanayi na asali waɗanda zasu iya haifar da AIHA sun haɗa da cutar huhu ta Mycoplasma , lymphoma , cutar sankarar bargo (waɗannan nau'ikan ciwon daji ne), lupus, da rheumatoid arthritis (waɗannan kuma cututtukan autoimmune ne).

Sauran yanayi marasa garkuwar jiki:

• Ciwon haemoglobin na Paroxysmal a cikin fitsari
• Haemoglobin na dare a cikin Paroxysmal

3. Cututtuka

Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da ƙwayoyin cuta da ke shiga jikinmu na iya lalata ƙwayoyin jininmu masu ja, suna lalata su kafin a maye gurbinsu. Kyakkyawan misali na wannan shine zazzabin cizon sauro . Ƙwayar cutar da ke haifar da zazzabin cizon sauro kai tsaye tana kai hari ga ƙwayoyin jinin ja.

Sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta:

• Babesiosis
• Cutar Carrion
• Zazzabin da aka gano a Dutsen Rocky
• Haemophilus influenza
• Kwayar cutar kanjamau (HIV)

4. Wasu magunguna

Wasu magunguna da muke sha kuma, kodayake ba kasafai suke faruwa ba, suna iya ƙarfafa garkuwar jikinmu don kai hari ga ƙwayoyin jinin ja da kuma lalata su da sauri. Wannan ana kiransa da cutar anemia mai hana garkuwar jiki (DIHA) . Wannan ba kasafai yake faruwa ba.

Wasu magunguna da zasu iya haifar da hemolysis:

• Acetaminophen ( paracetamol)
• Wasu maganin rigakafi na cephalosporin
• Clopidogrel
• Dapsone
• Heparin
• Levodopa
• Levofloxacin
• Methyldopa
• Nitrofurantoin
• Penicillin
• Phenazopyridine
• Quinidine
• Quinin
• Rifampin
• Wasu sulfonamides

Muhimmi: Kada ku firgita da wannan jerin magunguna. Waɗannan magunguna ba kasafai suke haifar da cutar hemolysis ba. Idan likita ya rubuta muku waɗannan magunguna, ku bi umarninsu. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi, ku yi magana da likitanku.

5. Matsalolin da ke faruwa a lokacin daukar ciki

Wasu matsaloli a lokacin daukar ciki na iya haifar da lalacewar ƙwayoyin jinin ja da sauri.

• Ciwon HELLP
• Preeclampsia
• Eclampsia

Domin kuwa waɗannan yanayi ne masu tsanani da za su iya faruwa a lokacin daukar ciki, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a nemi shawarar likita nan da nan idan alamun suka bayyana.

6. Kayan aikin likita da magunguna

Wannan kuma ba kasafai ake samunsa ba. Haemolysis na iya faruwa lokacin da aka dasa wasu na'urorin likitanci a jiki, ko kuma yayin wasu jiyya, har sai jiki ya daidaita da su.

• Yin maganin hemodialysis ga masu ciwon koda
• Na'urar wucewa ta zuciya da huhu (ana amfani da ita a manyan tiyata)
• Sauya bawul ɗin zuciya
• Sauran na'urorin da ake amfani da su a yanayi kamar gazawar zuciya, misali famfunan balan-balan na cikin aorta da na'urorin Impella .
• Karin jini (kamar lokacin da aka ba da jini mara dacewa)

7. Guba da guba

Wasu guba, idan aka sha su, na iya lalata ƙwayoyin jinin ja da kuma haifar da hemolysis.

• Arsenic
• Tagulla ( idan an sha fiye da kima)
• Jagora
• Arsine ( iskar gas mai guba)
• Stibine ( mai guba)
• Dafin maciji

Bugu da ƙari, duk wani yanayi da saifa ke aiki fiye da kima (hypersplenism) shi ma zai iya haifar da hemolysis. Hakazalika, hawan jini mai yawa zai iya haifar da fashewar ƙwayoyin jinin ja yayin da jini ke tafiya ta cikin jijiyoyin jini da sauri.

Mene ne alamun cutar hemolysis?

Alamomin sun dogara ne akan yadda adadin ƙwayoyin jinin ja yake ƙasa. Idan adadin ƙwayoyin jinin ja bai yi ƙasa sosai ba, ƙila ba za ka fuskanci wata alama ba. A mafi yawan lokuta, alamun suna faruwa ne saboda ƙwayoyin jiki da kyallen jikinsu ba sa samun isasshen iskar oxygen saboda ƙarancin ƙwayoyin jinin ja.

Alamomin gama gari:

• Gajiya
• Jin jiri
• Fatar da ta yi laushi
• bugun zuciya / tachycardia
• Takaitaccen numfashi / dyspnea
• Rawaya a fata da kuma fararen idanu (Jaundice) (Wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon tarin bilirubin, wani abu da ake fitarwa lokacin da jajayen ƙwayoyin jini suka karye, a cikin jini).
• Ƙara girman saifa / splenomegaly

Wasu alamun na iya bambanta dangane da takamaiman yanayin da ke haifar da cutar hemolysis. Misali, wanda ke fama da cutar sanyi ta agglutinin na iya fuskantar raguwar kwararar jini zuwa yatsun hannu da yatsun kafa, wanda ke sa su yi shuɗi su zama marasa ƙarfi (abin da ke faruwa a Raynaud) .

Wadanne gwaje-gwaje ake yi don tantance ko akwai matsaloli da suka shafi hemolysis?

Likita zai ɗauki samfurin jininka kuma ya gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da dama don ganin ko ƙarancin ƙwayoyin jininka ja ne ke haifar da cutar hemolysis.

• Cikakken ƙidayar jini (CBC): Wannan zai iya gaya maka abubuwa da yawa game da dukkan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin jininka, musamman ƙwayoyin jininka masu launin ja. Yana iya duba abubuwa kamar matakin haemoglobin da kuma adadin sararin da ƙwayoyin jininka masu launin ja ke ɗauka a cikin jininka (hematocrit).
• Adadin reticulocyte: Wannan wani ɓangare ne na gwajin CBC. Reticulocytes sabbin ƙwayoyin jini ja ne waɗanda ba su cika girma ba tukuna. Idan akwai hemolysis, adadin reticulocyte na iya ƙaruwa yayin da jiki ke hanzarta samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin halitta don maye gurbin waɗanda suka lalace.
• Gwajin jini na gefe: Wannan gwajin zai iya duba rashin daidaituwa a siffar da girman ƙwayoyin jinin ku. Kwayoyin da ba su da siffar da ta dace suna iya lalacewa da sauri.
• Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): LDH wani enzyme ne da ake samu a cikin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini. Idan jajayen ƙwayoyin jini suka karye da sauri fiye da yadda aka saba, matakan LDH a cikin jini na iya ƙaruwa.
• Gwajin Haptoglobin: Haptoglobin furotin ne da ke da alaƙa da haemoglobin. Lokacin da aka wargaza ƙwayoyin jinin ja (kamar yadda yake a cikin hemolysis), ana fitar da adadi mai yawa na haemoglobin cikin jini. Sai matakan Haptoglobin suka ragu.
• Bilirubin mara haɗin jini: Bilirubin yana samuwa ne lokacin da haemoglobin a cikin ƙwayoyin jinin ja ya lalace. Yawan bilirubin a cikin jini yana nuna cewa ana lalata adadi mai yawa na ƙwayoyin jinin ja (wannan shine abin da ke haifar da jaundice).
• Gwajin Coombs kai tsaye: Wannan gwajin zai iya gano ko kuna da ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda ke manne da ƙwayoyin jininku na ja kuma su lalata su da sauri (wannan zai iya taimakawa wajen gano cututtuka kamar AIHA).

Bugu da ƙari, likita zai iya yin gwajin fitsari don duba jini da bilirubin a cikin fitsari, wanda zai iya zama alamun wata cuta da ake kira hemolytic anemia.

Yaya ake magance hemolysis?

Maganin da za ku yi zai dogara ne akan musabbabin cutar hemolysis da kuma yadda alamun cutar suka yi tsanani. Zaɓuɓɓukan magani na iya haɗawa da bitamin, magunguna, tiyata, da kuma ƙarin jini.

Abu mafi mahimmanci shine ka yi magana da likitanka game da maganin da ya fi dacewa da kai, bisa ga ganewar cutar da ka gano.

Jikinmu yana ƙoƙarin kiyaye adadin ƙwayoyin jinin ja da ya dace. Duk da haka, kamuwa da cuta, cututtukan da aka haifa a lokacin haihuwa, da kuma tasirin waje na iya kawo cikas ga wannan tsari kuma ya sa ƙwayoyin jinin ja su lalace da sauri. Sakamakon haka, raguwar ƙwayoyin jinin ja na iya faruwa, wanda ke haifar da rashin jini na jini.

Duk da haka, labari mai daɗi shine ana iya magance yawancin abubuwan da ke haifar da hemolysis. Da zarar likita ya gano musabbabin hemolysis ɗinka, za su rubuta magunguna don taimakawa wajen dawo da adadin ƙwayoyin jininka na ja zuwa al'ada.

Muhimman Abubuwa da Ya Kamata Ku Sani (Saƙon Da Za Ku Dauka)

• Hemolysis shine lalata ƙwayoyin jinin ja da wuri.
• Wannan na iya haifar da alamu kamar gajiya mai tsanani, jiri, da kuma launin rawaya na fata (jaundice) .
• Akwai dalilai da yawa da ke iya haifar da hakan; lahani a cikin ƙwayoyin jinin ja, matsalolin garkuwar jiki, kamuwa da cuta, wasu magunguna, rikitarwa yayin daukar ciki, da sauransu.
• Idan kana da waɗannan alamomin, tabbas ka nemi shawarar likita .
• Gwaje-gwajen jini na iya taimakawa wajen gano musabbabin lamarin da kuma samar da magani mai dacewa.
• Ana iya magance dalilai da yawa don dawo da matakan ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Don haka yana da mahimmanci kada a firgita a nemi shawarar likita da ta dace.

Ina fatan wannan bayanin zai amfani ku. Ku kasance cikin koshin lafiya!

Haemolysis , ƙwayoyin jinin ja, anemia, saifa, ƙashi, jaundice, gwajin jini