Bari mu koyi game da wasu matsaloli da tsarin glandular jikin ku? - Ciwon daji na Endocrine da yawa (MEN)

Jikinmu kamar wata na'ura ce mai ban mamaki, ko ba haka ba? Domin wannan na'urar ta yi aiki yadda ya kamata, kowane sashe yana buƙatar yin aiki tare da daidaitawa yadda ya kamata. Akwai wani muhimmin tsari a jikinmu, wanda ake kira tsarin endocrine . Glandon da ke cikin wannan tsarin yana samar da hormones waɗanda ke sarrafa yawancin ayyukan da ke cikin jikinmu. Duk da haka, wani lokacin wannan tsarin na iya yin kuskure. A yau za mu yi magana game da wani yanayi mai wuya amma mai matuƙar muhimmanci da za a sani. Wato Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia , wanda kuma aka sani da `(MEN)` a takaice.

To, menene wannan tsarin endocrine?

A taƙaice dai, tsarin endocrine ɗinmu yana da hanyoyin sadarwa na gland da gabobi a jikinmu. Waɗannan su ne waɗanda ke samar da sinadarai da ake kira hormones kuma su saki su cikin jini. Ka yi tunanin waɗannan hormones a matsayin ƙananan manzanni waɗanda ke ɗauke da saƙonni a cikin jikinmu. Waɗannan saƙonnin suna gaya wa gabobinmu, fata, da tsokoki abin da za su yi da kuma lokacin da za su yi.

Akwai manyan gland da gabobin jiki da yawa waɗanda ke cikin tsarin endocrine ɗinmu:

• Hypothalamus: Wannan yana nan a gindin kwakwalwarmu. Yana sarrafa abubuwa da yawa a cikin tsarin endocrine.
• Glandar Pituitary: Wannan ƙaramin gland, wanda aka haɗa shi da hypothalamus, yana samar da hormones waɗanda ke sarrafa wasu glanders da yawa, ciki har da glandar thyroid, glandar adrenal, ovaries, da ƙwai.
• Thyroid: Wannan gland mai siffar malam buɗe ido a gaban wuya yana sarrafa yadda jikinmu ke aiki, wanda shine yadda muke amfani da kuzarin da muke samu daga abincin da muke ci.
• Glandan Parathyroid: Waɗannan ƙananan gland guda huɗu, waɗanda galibi suna kusa da glandar thyroid, suna sarrafa matakan calcium da phosphorus a jikinmu.
• Glandan Adrenal: Waɗannan gland guda biyu, waɗanda ke saman kodan, suna sarrafa metabolism, hawan jini, ci gaban jima'i, da kuma amsawar damuwa.
• Pineal gland: Wannan gland yana samar da hormone melatonin kuma yana sarrafa zagayowar barcinmu.
• Pancreas: Nan ne ake samar da insulin. Yana da matukar muhimmanci ga metabolism da kuma sarrafa sukari a cikin jini. Hakanan yana cikin tsarin narkewar abinci.
• Kwai: Waɗannan su ne inda ake samar da hormones na jima'i na mata kamar estrogen, progesterone, da testosterone.
• Gwaji: Yayin da ake samar da maniyyi a cikin maza, ana samar da hormone testosterone a nan.

To menene cutar Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN)?

Ciwon daji na Endocrine mai yawa (MEN) wani yanayi ne na kwayoyin halitta wanda ba kasafai ake samun ciwon daji a cikin fiye da ɗaya daga cikin gland da kyallen tsarin endocrine ba, wanda muka tattauna a baya. Wani lokaci waɗannan ciwon na iya zama ciwon daji.

Akwai manyan nau'i biyu na wannan yanayin '(MEN)':

1. Ciwon daji na endocrine mai yawa nau'in 1 (MEN nau'in 1): Wannan yanayi ne da ciwace-ciwacen da yawa ke tasowa a cikin glandar endocrine daban-daban. Wannan kuma ana kiransa MEN-1 da ciwon Wermer.

2. Ciwon daji na endocrine mai yawa nau'in 2 (MEN type 2): Wannan yanayi ne na ciwon daji na kwayoyin halitta wanda ke shafar glanda da dama. Mutanen da ke dauke da MEN2 suna kamuwa da wani nau'in ciwon daji na thyroid da ake kira medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) . Suna kuma da babban haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon daji a wasu glanda na tsarin endocrine. Wannan kuma ana kiransa MEN-2 da Sipple syndrome.

Me yasa wannan yanayin `(MAZA)` yake faruwa?

Duk waɗannan nau'ikan "MAZA" guda biyu suna faruwa ne sakamakon canje-canje a cikin kwayoyin halittarmu , wato, sauye-sauye . Ka yi tunanin cewa jikinmu yana da wani abu kamar littafin umarni, wato, kwayoyin halitta. Idan harafi ɗaya a cikin wannan littafin umarni bai yi daidai ba, wato, idan kwayar halitta ta canza, wasu ayyukan jiki na iya lalacewa.

• (Nau'in MEN type 1) yana faruwa ne sakamakon maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halittar 'MEN1' . Wannan kwayar halittar 'MEN1' kwayar halittar da ke rage ciwon daji ce. Wato, kwayar halittar da ke taimakawa wajen sarrafa rarrabawar ƙwayoyin halitta da kuma hana ciwace-ciwacen. Idan wannan kwayar halittar ba ta aiki yadda ya kamata, wasu ƙwayoyin halitta na iya girma daga inda aka tsara su kuma su samar da ciwace-ciwacen.
• (Nau'in MEN type 2) yana faruwa ne sakamakon maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halittar 'RET' . Wannan kwayar halittar 'RET' kwayar halitta ce da ke da alaƙa da ci gaban cutar kansa. Lokacin da wannan kwayar halittar ta rikide, ƙwayoyin halitta a wasu gabobin jiki da gland suna girma ba tare da kulawa ba kuma suna samar da ƙari.

Ana iya gadon waɗannan sauye-sauyen kwayoyin halitta daga iyaye ko kuma suna iya faruwa bazuwar lokacin da tayin ke girma. Idan iyaye ɗaya yana da MAZA, akwai kusan kashi 50% na damar yaro ya kamu da shi.

Bari mu ƙara koyo game da `(MEJIN)` nau'in 1 (`MEJIN nau'in 1`)

Mutanen da ke da MAZA nau'in 1 suna kamuwa da ciwace-ciwacen da ke cikin glandar endocrine da dama. Wuraren da cutar ta fi shafa sune:

• Glandan Parathyroid: Wannan shine mafi yawan lokuta.
• Tsarin Gastroenteropancreatic: Wannan yana nufin cewa ciwace-ciwacen na iya samuwa a cikin pancreas, ciki, da sauran sassan tsarin narkewar abinci, kamar duodenum.
• Ciwon Pituitary.

A mafi yawan lokuta, kurajen da ke tasowa da MEN nau'in 1 ba sa haifar da ciwon daji (mara kyau) . Duk da haka, wasu kurajen na iya zama masu cutar daji (masu cutar daji).Haka kuma yana iya yaɗuwa (metastasize) zuwa wasu sassan jiki. Glandan da ke da ƙari yawanci suna fitar da hormone da yawa zuwa cikin jini. Wannan shine abin da ke haifar da alamu iri-iri da matsalolin lafiya.

Likitoci sun gano nau'ikan ciwon daji na endocrine da na waɗanda ba na endocrine ba sama da 20 a cikin mutanen da ke da MAZA nau'in 1. Akwai wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji waɗanda ba a saba gani ba, kamar:

• Ciwon daji na neuroendocrine wanda ke tasowa a cikin thymus (ƙumburin lymph a cikin ƙirji) da kuma bronchi (hanyoyin iska a cikin huhu).
• Ciwon adrenal yana samuwa a cikin layin waje na glandar adrenal.
• Ƙwayoyin kitse (Lipomas) da ke samuwa a ƙarƙashin fata.
• Ciwon nono.
• Ciwon daji kamar meningiomas da ependymomas wanda zai iya faruwa a cikin kwakwalwa ko kashin baya.

Mene ne alamun `(NAURIN MAZA nau'in 1)`?

Alamomin MAZA nau'in 1 na iya bambanta sosai daga mutum zuwa mutum. Ya danganta da wace gland ce ke shafar da kuma yawan sinadarin hormone da suke samarwa. Wasu mutane ba sa nuna alamun cutar kwata-kwata, wasu kuma suna da alamun cutar masu sauƙi, wasu kuma suna da alamun cutar masu tsanani, har ma da waɗanda ke barazana ga rayuwa. Alamomin na iya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum, har ma a cikin iyali ɗaya, har ma tsakanin tagwaye.

Bari mu kalli wasu manyan nau'ikan kumbura da alamomin da ke tattare da su:

• Saboda matsalolin da ke tattare da glandar parathyroid (hyperparathyroidism):

Kashi 90% na mutanen da ke dauke da cutar `(MAZA nau'in 1)` suna kamuwa da wannan cuta kafin su kai shekara 50. A cikin wannan, glandar parathyroid tana yin aiki fiye da kima.

• Alamomi masu sauƙi: ciwon gaɓɓai, raunin tsoka, gajiya, baƙin ciki, wahalar mai da hankali, rashin ci.
• Alamomi masu tsanani: tashin zuciya, amai, ruɗani, mantuwa, ƙishirwa mai yawa da yawan yin fitsari, maƙarƙashiya, ciwon ƙashi.

• Saboda ciwace-ciwacen da ke cikin pancreas da kuma ɓangaren farko na ƙaramin hanji (Gastrinomas):

Kimanin kashi 40% na manya da ke fama da MAZA nau'in 1 suna kamuwa da ciwon daji da ake kira gastrinomas. Waɗannan suna samar da wani hormone da ake kira gastrin, wanda ke sa ciki ya samar da sinadarin acid da yawa.

• Alamomi: Ciwon ciki, gudawa, ƙwannafi (acid reflux), gyambon ciki (peptic ulcers).
• Wani ƙari da aka gani a wannan rukuni shine insulinoma . Wannan yana samar da insulin, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙarancin sukari a jini (hypoglycemia).
• Alamomi: ruɗani, rawar jiki, gumi, yunwa mai yawa, rashin natsuwa, bugun zuciya mai sauri, canjin gani na ɗan lokaci.

• Sakamakon ciwace-ciwacen pituitary (prolactinomas):

Kimanin kashi 25% na mutanen da ke dauke da MAZA nau'in 1 suna kamuwa da ciwon pituitary. Mafi yawan su sune prolactinomas, waɗanda ke samar da hormone prolactin .

• Alamomin da ke faruwa a mata: rashin daidaituwar al'ada ko daina haila (amenorrhea), wahalar ɗaukar ciki ga yara, fitar da madara daga nono lokacin da ba a yi ciki ko shayarwa ba (galactorrhea), raguwar sha'awar jima'i.
• Alamomin da ke faruwa a maza: Raguwar sha'awar jima'i saboda raguwar matakan testosterone, rashin aikin jima'i (ED), da wahalar ɗaukar ciki ga yara.
• Idan kumburin ya yi girma: ciwon kai, tashin zuciya/amai, canjin gani (gani biyu, raguwar gani a gefe).

Muhimmi: Ba kowa ne zai fuskanci irin waɗannan alamun ba. Wannan jerin ba cikakke bane. Akwai wasu nau'ikan kumbura da yawa da zasu iya tasowa a cikin `(MAZA nau'in 1)`.

Bari mu kuma koyi game da `(MEJIN)` nau'in 2 (`MAZAN nau'in 2`)

Kowa da ke da MEN nau'in 2 yana kamuwa da wani nau'in ciwon thyroid da ake kira medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) . Wannan nau'in ciwon daji yana tasowa ne a cikin wani nau'in ƙwayar cuta ta musamman a cikin glandar thyroid da ake kira C cells. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna samar da hormone da ake kira calcitonin. MTC na iya yaɗuwa zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph da sauran gabobin jiki. Babban maganin shine cire glandar thyroid da aka yi da tiyata (thyroidectomy).

Haka kuma, mutanen da ke da `(MEN nau'in 2)` na iya fuskantar ɗaya ko duka biyun daga cikin waɗannan yanayi:

• Pheochromocytoma: Wannan wani ciwon daji ne da ba kasafai ake samu ba wanda ke tasowa a tsakiyar wani ko duka glandar adrenal (adrenal medulla). A mafi yawan lokuta, waɗannan ba ciwon daji ba ne. Kimanin kashi 10% zuwa 15% na lokuta na iya zama ciwon daji kuma su bazu.
• Hyperparathyroidism: Matakan calcium a cikin jini suna ƙaruwa saboda yawan samar da hormone parathyroid (PTH) ta glandar parathyroid.

Mene ne alamun `(NAURIN MAZA nau'i na 2)`?

Alamomin da ke nan suma sun bambanta. Alamomin yawanci suna faruwa ne sakamakon yawan sinadarin hormones da ciwon daji (MTC) ke samarwa da wasu ciwace-ciwacen.

• Alamomin ciwon daji na thyroid medullary (MTC):
• Kumburi a gaban wuya, ciwon wuya, canjin murya (haushi), tari, wahalar haɗiyewa, wahalar numfashi.

• Alamomin da Pheochromocytoma ke haifarwa: (yana faruwa a kusan kashi 50% na lokuta)
• Alamomin suna faruwa ne kawai idan waɗannan ciwace-ciwacen suka samar da hormones da yawa, kamar adrenaline. Wasu ciwace-ciwacen ba sa samar da hormones kuma ƙila ba sa nuna wata alama.
• Alamomin da aka fi sani (sau da yawa suna zuwa da fita cikin sihiri): hawan jini (hawan jini), ciwon kai, gumi mai yawa ba tare da wani dalili ba, bugun zuciya mai sauri ko mara tsari, rawar jiki.

• Alamomin da ke haifar da hyperparathyroidism:
• Kamar yadda yake a cikin `(NAU type 1)`, alamu kamar ciwon gaɓoɓi, raunin tsoka, gajiya, baƙin ciki, wahalar mai da hankali, rashin ci, tashin zuciya, amai, ƙishirwa mai yawa da yawan yin fitsari, maƙarƙashiya, da ciwon ƙashi na iya faruwa.

Wa zai iya kamuwa da wannan yanayin na 'MEN'? Yaya aka saba da shi?

Yanayin `(MEJIN)` zai iya shafar maza da mata daidai gwargwado. Shekarun da yanayin `(MEJIN nau'in 1)` ya bayyana ya bambanta sosai. An gano shi a yara 'yan ƙasa da shekara 8 da manya 'yan shekara 80.

`(MAZA)` yanayi ne mai wuya .

• `(NAUKU NA 1 NA MAZA)` yana shafar kusan mutum ɗaya cikin mutane 30,000.
• `(NAURIN MAZA NA 2)` yana shafar kusan mutum ɗaya cikin mutane 35,000.

Wasu masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa ainihin adadin mutanen da ke fama da waɗannan yanayi na iya zama mafi girma saboda rashin ganewar asali ko kuma rashin ganewar asali.

Ta yaya likitoci ke gano cutar `(MEN)`? (Ganewar asali)

Gano yanayin `(MEN)` na iya zama da ɗan rikitarwa, domin yana shafar glandar daban-daban.

• Gano `(MAZA nau'in 1)`:

Yawanci ana gano mutum yana da MEN nau'in 1 idan yana da aƙalla biyu daga cikin manyan ciwace-ciwacen endocrine guda uku da aka ambata a sama (ciwacen parathyroid, ciwace-ciwacen pituitary, da/ko ciwace-ciwacen hanyoyin narkewar abinci), ko kuma idan yana da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ciwace-ciwacen kuma wani ɗan iyali yana da MEN nau'in 1.

• Gwaje-gwaje:
• Gwaje-gwajen jini: Duba ko akwai wasu sinadarai masu yawa a cikin wasu sinadarai (misali, sinadarin parathyroid (PTH), calcium).
• Gwaje-gwajen hoto: Waɗannan na iya taimakawa wajen gano wuraren da aka samu ƙuraje, kamar su CT scan (ƙirƙirar tomography scan) ko MRI (na'urar daukar hoton maganadisu).
• Gwajin kwayoyin halitta: Duba ga wani canji a cikin kwayar halittar 'MEN1'.

• Gano `(NAURIN MAZA IRI NA 2)`:

Ana gano cewa mutum yana da MEN nau'in 2 idan yana da ciwon daji na thyroid medullary (MTC) tare da pheochromocytoma da/ko hyperplasia ko adenoma na glandar parathyroid.

• Gwaje-gwaje:
• Gwaje-gwajen jini: A duba matakan hormones kamar calcitonin (don MTC), parathyroid hormone (PTH), da catecholamines (don pheochromocytoma).
• Gwaje-gwajen hoto: Ana amfani da 'CT scan' ko 'MRI scan'.
• Gwajin kwayoyin halitta: Dubawa don maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halittar 'RET'.

Menene maganin `(MEN)`?

Maganin MEN ya dogara ne kawai akan glandar endocrine da gabobin da ke fama da cutar. Yawanci yana ƙunshe da ƙungiyar likitoci masu fannoni daban-daban, gami da likitocin endocrinologists , likitocin fiɗa , da kuma likitocin kansa .

Akwai zaɓuɓɓukan magani da dama:

• Magani: Rage alamun cutar da kuma rage tasirin sinadarin hormones da ke cikinsa.
• Tiyata: Cire ƙulli ko dukkan glandar da abin ya shafa (misali, glandar thyroid).
• Maganin maye gurbin hormones: Idan aka cire glandar endocrine ta hanyar tiyata, ana ba da hormones ɗin da ke cikinta a waje.
• Maganin ciwon daji: Idan ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa wasu wurare (wanda aka gano yana da alaƙa da ciwon daji), a yi amfani da maganin chemotherapy da radiation therapy .

Domin kuwa kowanne majiyyaci na musamman ne, tsarin maganin da ya dace da kowa ya bambanta. Kada ku ji tsoron yin magana da likitan ku game da zaɓuɓɓukan maganin da suka fi dacewa da ku.

Shin za a iya warkar da `(MAZA)` gaba ɗaya? Za a iya hana shi?

Abin takaici, a halin yanzu babu maganin wannan cuta (MEN). Duk da haka, ana iya magance ta . Likitoci suna magance canje-canje a kowace glandar ta hanyar tiyata ko magani, kamar yadda ya dace a lokacin.

Ba zai yiwu a hana ci gaban `(MEN)` ba, domin sauye-sauyen kwayoyin halitta ne ke haifar da shi. Waɗannan sauye-sauyen kwayoyin halitta ana iya gado su daga iyaye ko kuma su faru ba zato ba tsammani a lokacin matakin tayi.

Duk da haka, idan an gano cewa wani ɗan uwa na kusa (iyaye, ɗan'uwa) yana da MAZA, yana da mahimmanci a yi magana da likitanka game da gwajin kwayoyin halitta ga MAZA. Yin hakan zai iya taimakawa wajen gano ƙari da wuri idan kana da wannan cuta.

Me ke faruwa idan kana zaune da `(MAZA)`? (Hasashen)

Hasashen ga MEN ya dogara ne akan dalilai da dama:

• Saurin gane `(MAZA)`.
• Waɗanne glandon endocrine ne ke da alaƙa?
• Ko kumfar tana da ciwon daji ko a'a.
• Nau'in maganin da aka yi amfani da shi.
• Ana kiran ko ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa wasu sassan jiki (metastasized).

Idan an gano cewa kana da MEN, likitanka zai iya ba ka mafi kyawun ra'ayi game da maganinka da kuma hanyar da za a bi don samun ci gaba.

Lokacin da za a ga likita da muhimman tambayoyi da za a yi

Idan an gano cewa kana da MEN, za ka buƙaci ganin likitanka akai-akai don ya riƙa lura da yanayinka da kuma tabbatar da cewa maganinka yana aiki yadda ya kamata.

Haka kuma, idan wani ɗan uwa na kusa a cikin iyalinka yana da `(MAZA)`, yi magana da likitanka game da gwajin kwayoyin halitta, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya.

Idan kina da `(MAZA)`, zai iya zama da amfani ki yi wa likitanki tambayoyi kamar haka:

• Wane irin `(MAZA)` nake da shi?
• Ta yaya (MAZA) ke shafar jikina?
• Waɗanne alamomi ya kamata in kula da su?
• Waɗanne zaɓuɓɓukan magani nake da su?
• Menene fa'idodi da rashin amfanin hanyoyin magani daban-daban?
• Har yaushe ake ɗauka kafin magani ya yi nasara?
• Shin ya kamata a gwada sauran iyalina don (MAZA)?

A ƙarshe, abubuwan da za a tuna (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

Ciwon daji na endocrine mai yawa (MEN) wani yanayi ne da ba kasafai ake samunsa ba. Haka kuma, saboda MAZA suna iya haifar da alamu iri-iri kuma ba yanayin kowa iri ɗaya bane, wani lokacin yana iya zama da wahala a san ko kuna da shi.

Idan ka ga wasu sabbin alamu da ke damun ka, ko kuma idan ka lura da wasu canje-canje a jikinka, abin da ya fi kyau ka yi shi ne ka ga likita.

Ko da yake wasu lokuta na `(MAZA)` suna faruwa ba zato ba tsammani, kuma yana iya faruwa a cikin iyalai. Idan ɗaya daga cikin danginku na kusa yana da `(MAZA)`, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a yi gwajin kwayoyin halitta don gano ko kuna cikin haɗari. Yi magana da likitanku game da duk wata tambaya da kuke da ita game da haɗarin kamuwa da `(MAZA)`. Suna nan don taimaka muku. Kada ku ji tsoro, kada ku ji tsoro, kuma kada ku ji tsoron yin tambayoyi.

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