Bari mu koyi game da Cututtukan Jijiyoyi ta hanya mai sauƙi.

Shin wani lokacin kana jin kamar ba ka da kuzari, ko kuma yana da wuya a ɗaga hannu ko ƙafa, ko kuma gaɓoɓinka su yi rauni lokacin da kake tafiya, kuma tsokokinka su yi rauni a hankali? Waɗannan ba kawai abubuwa ne na bazata ba. Wataƙila a bayan waɗannan alamun akwai cututtukan jijiyoyi da tsoka da za mu yi magana a kansu a yau, wato, wata cuta da ake kira "Cututtukan Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi". Kada ka damu, babu abin da za ka ji tsoro bayan jin wannan. Bari mu yi magana a kan komai a sarari kuma a sauƙaƙe.

Menene Cututtukan Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi?

A taƙaice dai, wannan rukuni ne na cututtuka da ke shafar sassan tsarin jijiyoyinmu, musamman jijiyoyin gefe ( jijiyoyin da ke fitowa daga kwakwalwa da kashin baya), tsokoki, ko kuma sadarwa tsakanin su biyun. Ka yi tunani a kai, motsin jikinmu yana faruwa ne lokacin da saƙonni daga kwakwalwa ke tafiya ta cikin jijiyoyi don kunna tsokoki. Idan akwai matsala a wani wuri a cikin wannan tsari, waɗannan cututtuka na iya faruwa.

Waɗannan yanayi galibi suna haifar da raunin tsoka , asarar tsoka ko ɓarna (ƙaryewar tsoka) , da canje-canje a cikin jin daɗi (kamar suma ko tingling). Duk da haka, wasu alamu na iya faruwa, ya danganta da nau'in cutar.

Wadanne cututtuka ne waɗannan? Ta yaya suke shafar jikinmu?

Matsalolin jijiyoyin jijiyoyi ba cuta ɗaya ba ce. Rukunin cututtuka ne kuma kowace ƙungiya tana ɗauke da yanayi daban-daban. Suna iya shafar waɗannan sassan tsarin jijiyoyin jijiyoyi:

• Kwayoyin ƙaho na gaba na kashin baya
• Tushen jijiyoyi (haka kuma ya haɗa da ganglia na tushen dorsal)
• Cibiyoyin sadarwa na jijiyoyi `(Plexus)` (misali `(brachial plexus)` - mai alaƙa da kafada, `(lumbosacral plexus)` - mai alaƙa da wuya)
• Jijiyoyin gefe
• Mahadar Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi
• Zaruruwan tsoka

Yanzu bari mu dubi cututtukan da ke shafar kowanne daga cikin waɗannan sassan dalla-dalla.

Cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi masu motsi (ƙwayoyin ƙaho na gaba) na kashin baya

Waɗannan galibi cututtuka ne masu ci gaba waɗanda ke lalata ƙwayoyin halittar motsi . Kwayoyin halittar motsi wani nau'in ƙwayar halitta ne a cikin kwakwalwarmu da kashin baya wanda ke taimaka mana mu motsa jiki, kamar tafiya, magana, da numfashi. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna ɗaukar saƙonni daga kwakwalwa zuwa tsokoki.

Musamman ma, "Ƙwayoyin ƙaho na gaba" ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi ne masu motsi a cikin launin toka na kashin baya. Suna da mahimmanci don motsin tsokoki na kwarangwal ɗinmu. Lokacin da waɗannan ƙwayoyin suka lalace, tsokoki suna rasa wadatar jijiyoyi (rage yawansu) kuma suna yin rauni.

Manyan cututtukan da ke cikin wannan rukuni sune:

• ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - ALS) ko cutar Lou Gehrig
• Ƙarfin ...
• Ciwon tsoka na spinal-bulbar (SBMA) ko cutar Kennedy
• Polio

Matsalolin da suka shafi Plexus (Plexopathy)

Jijiyoyin da ke fitowa daga kashin baya a matakai daban-daban a ƙarshe suna haɗuwa don samar da wata hanyar sadarwa mai rikitarwa, ko plexus . Muna da plexus na brachial a cikin hannayenmu na sama, da kuma plexus na lumbar ko lumbosacral a cikin ƙananan hannayenmu, waɗanda ke cikin wuyanmu.

Waɗannan zare na jijiyoyi na iya lalacewa, matsewa, ko kumburi, wanda zai iya haifar da ciwo, suma, tingling, da rauni a hannu ko ƙafar da abin ya shafa.

Cututtuka masu alaƙa da tushen jijiyoyi

Tushen jijiyoyi gajerun rassan jijiya ne na kashin baya. Jijiyoyin kashin baya suna fitowa daga ƙasusuwa (ƙasusuwa) tare da kashin baya. Kowace jijiyar kashin baya tana da tushen jijiyoyi masu motsi da kuma tushen jijiyoyi masu ji. Tushen jijiyoyi masu motsi sune inda saƙonni daga kwakwalwa da kashin baya ke tafiya zuwa tsokoki ta hanyar jijiyoyi na gefe.

Idan aka matse waɗannan tushen jijiyoyi ta hanyar kyallen da ke kewaye, ciwo da suma na iya faruwa a sassa daban-daban na jiki. Wannan ana kiransa 'radiculopathy' . Lokacin da aka matse tushen jijiyoyi na motsa jiki, tsokoki suna yin rauni.

Akwai nau'ikan radiculopathy dangane da inda aka matse jijiyar kashin baya:

• Radiculopathy na mahaifa
• Daga tsakiya zuwa saman ƙirji ("(thoracic radiculopathy)")
• Radiculopathy na lumbar ko lumbosacral (wanda ke da alaƙa da wuya da ƙananan baya)

Cututtuka masu alaƙa da jijiyoyi na gefe

Ciwon jijiyoyi na gefe kalma ce ta gama gari ga kowace cuta da ke shafar jijiyoyi a wajen kwakwalwa da kuma kashin baya (jijiyoyin gefe). Akwai nau'ikan da dalilai da dama na wannan. Idan jijiyoyi na gefe ba sa aiki yadda ya kamata, ba za mu iya motsa tsokokinmu ba. Shi ya sa waɗannan cututtuka suma suna cikin babban rukuni na cututtukan jijiyoyi.

Ciwon jijiyoyi na gefe na iya shafar wasu sassan jiki kawai, ko kuma yana iya shafar dukkan jiki. Nau'in ciwon jijiyoyi na gefe da aka fi sani da shi shine wanda ke shafar hannuwa da ƙafafu, musamman yatsun hannu. Misali, wasu mutanen da ke fama da ciwon suga suna jin kasa a tafin ƙafafunsu, kamar ba sa jin ƙasa. Wannan misali ne na wannan.

Ga wasu misalai:

• Lalacewar jijiyoyi da ciwon suga ke haifarwa
• Saboda yawan shan barasa (rashin amfani da barasa)
• Rashin ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki
• Ciwon da ake kira 'Amyloidosis'
• Abubuwan da suka shafi kwayoyin halitta ko gado (misali cutar Charcot-Marie-Tooth)
• Abubuwan da ke haifar da kumburi ko nakasar garkuwar jiki (misali, `(Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy - CIDP)`, `(Guillain-Barré syndrome)`)
• Bayyana ga abubuwa masu guba (misali, sinadarai masu guba kamar ruwan tsaftacewa, magungunan kashe kwari)

Cututtukan haɗin jijiyoyi na jijiyoyi

Haɗin jijiyoyi na jijiyoyin jiki (NMJ) shine haɗin (synapse) tsakanin ƙarshen jijiyar motsi da tsoka. Don sadarwa da tsoka, jijiyoyi na motsi suna fitar da wani sinadari da ake kira acetylcholine ta wannan haɗin. Idan akwai matsala a cikin wannan sadarwa, cututtukan da suka shafi haɗin jijiyoyi na jijiyoyin jiki suna faruwa.

Manyan cututtukan da ke shafar wannan haɗin gwiwa sune:

• 'Botulism' (yanayin da zai iya faruwa sakamakon guba a abinci)
• Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS)
• 'Myasthenia Gravis'

Cututtukan tsoka (Myopathies)

Ciwon kai cututtuka ne da ke shafar tsokokin ƙasusuwanmu kai tsaye (tsokokin da ke manne da ƙasusuwanmu). Waɗannan cututtukan suna lalata zare na tsoka kuma suna raunana tsokoki. Akwai nau'ikan ciwon kai da dama. Wasu na haihuwa ne (na gado ko na gado). Wasu na iya tasowa daga baya a rayuwa.

Duk da haka, raunuka kai tsaye kamar yagewa, ja, ko murɗe tsoka ba sa cikin wannan rukunin "myopathies".

Ciwon Muscular Dystrophy

Ciwon tsoka rukuni ne na cututtuka sama da talatin waɗanda ke shafar aikin tsoka saboda dalilai na gado (gado). Wasu daga cikin manyan nau'ikan sune:

• Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) - Wannan shine nau'in da aka fi sani.
• "Becker muscular dystrophy" (BMD)
• Ciwon tsokar ...
• "Rashin lafiyar tsoka ta ido (OPMD)"

Cututtukan Autoimmune da Inflammatory Myopathy

Waɗannan cututtuka ne da ke kawo cikas ga aikin tsoka saboda lahani a cikin tsarin garkuwar jikinmu. Misalan:

• 'Lermatomyositis'
• 'Polymyositis'
• "Myopathy na ƙwayoyin cuta masu saurin kamuwa da garkuwar jiki"

Sauran Cututtukan Myopathy

Cututtukan tsoka na iya faruwa saboda wasu dalilai daban-daban:

• Rashin daidaiton sinadarin electrolyte : Misali, yawan sinadarin calcium a cikin jini (hypercalcemia) ko yawan sinadarin potassium a cikin jini (hyperkalemia) na iya haifar da matsalolin tsoka.
• Ciwon zuciya na endocrine : Rashin daidaiton hormones wanda ke kawo cikas ga aikin tsoka. Misali,Ana iya haifar da waɗannan matsalolin ta hanyar matsalolin glandar thyroid, glandar parathyroid , ko glandar adrenal .
• Ciwon zuciya na metabolism : Waɗannan suna faruwa ne sakamakon lahani a cikin kwayoyin halittar da ke ba da umarni ga tsokoki su samar da enzymes. Misalan: cututtukan ajiyar glycogen, matsalolin ajiyar lipid.
• Ciwon tsokar ...
• Ciwon gurguwar jiki na lokaci-lokaci : Wannan rukuni ne na cututtukan jijiyoyi da aka gada. A cikin wannan, tsokoki suna yin rauni lokaci-lokaci kuma ba sa iya yin ƙunci.
• Ciwon zuciya mai guba: Waɗannan suna faruwa ne sakamakon guba ko magani wanda ke kawo cikas ga tsarin ko aikin tsokoki.

Waɗanne cututtuka ne suka fi yawa a jijiyoyi da tsokoki?

A gaskiya ma, ciwon neuropathy na gefe shi ne ya fi yawa a cikin waɗannan yanayi. Wannan kuwa saboda yana da nau'o'i da dalilai daban-daban. Masu bincike sun kiyasta cewa sama da mutane miliyan 20 a Amurka suna da wani nau'in ciwon neuropathy na gefe.

Amma mutane da yawa ba sa tunanin `(peripheral neuropathies)` a matsayin `(neuromuscular disorders)`, domin suna da wani nau'i daban. Duk da haka, `(neuromuscular diseases)` da muka ji labarinsa, amma a zahiri ba kasafai ake samunsa ba, `(ALS) ` da `Muscular Dystrophy` .

Mene ne alamomin waɗannan cututtuka da aka saba gani?

Alamomin cututtukan jijiyoyin jijiyoyi na iya bambanta, ya danganta da takamaiman nau'in cutar. Duk da haka, alamomin da aka saba gani da ke da alaƙa da tsokoki sun haɗa da:

• Raunin tsoka (wahalar ɗaga hannu ko ƙafa, rashin iya ɗaga abubuwa masu nauyi)
• Atrophy na tsoka ( watsar tsoka da kuma ɓullarta)
• Jinkirin tsoka (fasciculations), ciwon ciki, ko kuma ciwon tsoka
• Ciwon tsoka
• Taurin tsoka (Spasticity)
• Wahala a tafiya
• Matsalolin daidaito da daidaitawa
• Jinkirin ido ko wasu sassan fuska
• Wahalar magana (dysarthria) saboda raunin tsokoki na harshe ko baki/fuska
• Wahalar haɗiyewa (dysphagia) saboda raunin tsokoki na pharynx
• Wahalar numfashi saboda raunin tsokar diaphragm

Sauran alamun na iya haɗawa da:

• Gajiya
• Jinkiri
• Jin abubuwan da ba a saba gani ba kamar tururuwa suna tafiya ko allurai (paresthesia)

Muhimmi: Idan kana da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan alamun a jere, musamman idan raunin tsoka ya faru ba zato ba tsammani ko a hankali, tabbatar da ganin likita.

Me yasa waɗannan cututtuka ke faruwa? Menene ke haifar da hakan?

Akwai dalilai da yawa da ke haifar da cututtukan jijiyoyi. Duk da haka, wasu kwayoyin halitta ne. Wannan yana nufin cewa kwayoyin halitta da aka gada daga iyaye ko kuma canjin kwayar halitta (maye gurbi). Waɗannan cututtukan na iya faruwa ne ta hanyar lahani a cikin kwayar halitta ɗaya ko kuma lahani a cikin kwayoyin halitta da dama.

Wasu cututtukan jijiyoyi na tsoka cututtuka ne da ke da alaƙa da garkuwar jiki . Wannan yana nufin cewa tsarin garkuwar jikinmu yana kai hari ga ƙwayoyin halittarmu. Wasu kuma na iya faruwa ne sakamakon haɗari, ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, matsalar metabolism, kamuwa da guba, ko kumburi. Wani lokaci, ba za a iya gano dalili ba.

Ta yaya likita zai gano waɗannan cututtuka?

Idan ka ga likita, zai tambaye ka game da tarihin lafiyarka, ko akwai wani a cikin iyalinka da ya taɓa samun wannan yanayin, waɗanne magunguna kake sha, da kuma alamun da kake da su. Sannan, za su yi gwajin jiki na gaba ɗaya da kuma gwajin jijiyoyi . Wannan gwajin zai iya neman matsaloli tare da kwakwalwa, ƙashin baya, da tsarin jijiyoyi na gefe (gami da tsokoki).

Haka kuma za a iya tura ka zuwa ga likitan jijiyoyi don ƙarin gwaji. Wasu gwaje-gwajen da za su iya taimakawa wajen tabbatar da waɗannan yanayi sun haɗa da:

• Electromyography (EMG) : Wannan yana gwada lafiya da aikin tsokoki na ƙasusuwanku da kuma jijiyoyin da ke sarrafa su.
• Gwajin sarrafa jijiyoyi : Wannan yana gwada aikin jijiyoyin gefe.
• Gwaje-gwajen jini : Waɗannan na iya duba abubuwa daban-daban, kamar rashin daidaituwar enzyme da alamun yanayin cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da garkuwar jiki.
• Gwaje-gwajen hoto : Gwaje-gwaje kamar MRI , CT scan , da kuma duban dan tayi na jijiyoyin jiki na iya "gani" idan akwai wata matsala da kwakwalwa, kashin baya, da/ko jijiyoyi.
• Binciken ƙwayoyin tsoka: A cikin wannan gwajin , ana ɗaukar ƙaramin samfurin tsoka kuma likitan cututtuka zai duba shi a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa don ganin ko akwai wasu matsaloli.
• Gwajin kwayoyin halitta : Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen suna taimakawa wajen tabbatar da wasu cututtukan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi na kwayoyin halitta.

Menene maganin waɗannan cututtuka?

Maganin cututtukan jijiyoyin jijiyoyi ya bambanta sosai dangane da takamaiman nau'in cutar. Gabaɗaya, yawancin cututtukan jijiyoyin jijiyoyi ba za a iya warkewa gaba ɗaya ba. Duk da haka, akwai magunguna da hanyoyin magancewa waɗanda zasu iya taimakawa wajen rage alamun cutar, dakatar da ci gaban cutar, ko rage ci gabanta. Tsarin maganin ku na iya haɗawa da:

• Magunguna
• Jiyya ta jiki da kuma aikin yi
• Maganin magana
• Maganin abinci mai gina jiki
• Na'urorin taimako waɗanda ke sauƙaƙa motsi
• Sauran hanyoyin kiwon lafiya, gami da tiyata

Sau da yawa, likitan jijiyoyi (musamman ƙwararren likitan jijiyoyi) shine babban likitan kula da ku game da waɗannan yanayi. Duk da haka, dangane da nau'in yanayin, kuna iya buƙatar taimako daga wasu ƙwararru da masu ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da:

• Masu ilimin motsa jiki da masu ilimin motsa jiki
• Masana cututtukan rheumatism
• Likitocin huhu da masu ilimin numfashi
• Masana Cututtuka
• Likitocin tiyata
• Likitocin ƙashi
• masu ilimin harshe na magana
• Masu ba da shawara kan abinci mai gina jiki
• Masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam
• Ma'aikatan zamantakewa

Me za ku iya tsammani idan kuna rayuwa da irin wannan cuta?

Yawancin cututtukan jijiyoyi da tsoka suna dawwama (na yau da kullun) . Wannan yana nufin suna iya ɗaukar tsawon rai. Ko da yake babu magani, magunguna da sauran magunguna na iya taimakawa wajen magance alamun cutar, dakatar da ci gaban cutar, ko rage ta. Likitanka zai iya ba ka kyakkyawar fahimta game da abin da za ka yi tsammani, ya danganta da takamaiman yanayinka.

Cututtukan jijiyoyi na tsoka wani nau'i ne na yanayi mai faɗi wanda ke shafar aikin jijiyoyi da tsokoki na gefe. Idan kun fuskanci raunin tsoka kwatsam ko ba a bayyana ba, yi magana da likita. Zai iya tantance alamun ku kuma ya ba da shawarar gwaje-gwaje don gano musabbabin.

A ƙarshe, abu mafi mahimmanci (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

Kada ku ji tsoron jin sunan Ciwon Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi. Ana iya sarrafa yawancin waɗannan yanayi ta hanyar gano su da wuri, magani mai kyau, da kuma kula da su. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine, idan kuna da alamun da ba a saba gani ba (musamman raunin tsoka, jin kasala, wahalar tafiya),Kada ka yi watsi da su ka nemi shawarar likita nan take.

Ka tuna, ba kai kaɗai ba ne. Akwai ƙwararrun likitoci, masu ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, da ƙungiyoyin tallafi waɗanda za su iya taimaka maka ka magance waɗannan yanayi. Samun bayanai masu dacewa da ɗaukar mataki da wuri shine hanya mafi kyau ta zuwa ga rayuwa mai lafiya.

Cututtukan jijiyoyi , cututtukan tsoka, Cututtukan jijiyoyin jijiyoyi, ALS, Dystrophy na tsoka, Ciwon jijiyoyin jijiyoyi na gefe, Myasthenia Gravis