Ta yaya muke ji? Abin mamaki na kunne da tafiyar sauti (Tsarin Ji)

Shin ka taɓa tsayawa ka yi tunani game da yadda waƙoƙin da muke saurara kowace rana, kalmomin da muke yi wa abokanmu magana, sautin tsuntsaye masu daɗi, da sauransu, ke shiga kunnuwanmu kuma kwakwalwarmu ta fahimce su? Hakika tsari ne mai ban mamaki da rikitarwa. Kamar sihiri ne! Don haka, a yau za mu yi magana game da yadda kunnuwanmu masu daraja ke aiki, ta hanya mai sauƙi, kamar gaya wa aboki.

Babban aikin ƙaramin gaɓar da ake kira kunne

Kunnuwanmu za a iya raba su zuwa manyan sassa uku, kamar ɗakunan da ke cikin gida. Su ne:

1. Kunnen Waje

2. Tsakiyar Kunne

3. Kunnen Ciki

Kowanne daga cikin waɗannan sassan yana da takamaiman aiki, domin sauti yana tafiya zuwa kwakwalwarmu. Bari mu ga yadda hakan ke faruwa.

1. Kunnen Waje: Ƙofar Sauti

Idan ka yi tunanin kunne, abin da ke zuwa a raina shi ne ɓangaren da ake iya gani a waje? Wannan shine abin da muke kira pinna (wanda ake kira `(Pinna)` a fannin likitanci). An tsara siffar wannan pinna daidai don tattara raƙuman sauti daga muhallin kuma ya kai su cikin kunne. Kamar tattara sigina ne daga `Tauraron Dan Adam`.

Ka yi tunanin, idan ka yi magana da aboki, sautin muryarka yana tafiya ta cikin iska ya bugi belun kunnen mutumin da ke sauraro ya kuma taru.

Raƙuman sauti da dutsen kunne ke tattarawa sai su ratsa ta cikin wani ƙaramin tsari mai kama da bututu da ake kira canal na kunne . Sautin yana ratsa wannan bututun zuwa farkon kunnen tsakiya. Canal na kunne yana ɗauke da ƙananan sifofi masu kama da gashi da gland waɗanda ke samar da kakin kunne. Waɗannan suna kare kunne daga ƙura, ƙananan kwari, da sauran abubuwa.

2. Tsakiyar Kunne: Inda ake ƙara sautin

A ƙarshen bututun ji akwai wani sirara mai laushi sosai. Shine dodon kunne (ko kuma 'Tympanic Membrane') da muka sani. Yana kama da fatar ganga. Lokacin da raƙuman sauti daga waje suka bugi wannan dodon kunne, sai ya fara girgiza .

Yanzu aikin gaske ya fara. An haɗa da wannan ƙaramin ƙashi uku a jikinmu. Suna da ƙanana sosai, amma suna yin babban aiki. Waɗannan ƙashi uku ana kiransu da `(Ossicles)`. Sunayensu sune:

• Malleus - Wannan kamar guduma ne, wanda aka haɗa da dutsen kunne.
• Incus - Wannan shine kashi a tsakiya, wanda aka haɗa shi da akwatin kunne da kuma akwatin kunne.
• Stapes - Wannan shine ƙashin da ya fi ƙanƙanta a jiki. Yana da siffar kamar takalmin doki.

Idan dutsen kunne ya yi rawar jiki, girgizar ta fara tafiya zuwa ga ossicles, sannan zuwa stapes, sannan a ƙarshe zuwa ga auricle. Waɗannan ƙasusuwa uku suna da alaƙa da juna, suna aiki kamar ƙaramin tsarin lever, suna ƙara girgizar daga dutsen kunne.Ana aika shi zuwa kunnen ciki. Wannan faɗaɗawa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci, domin kunnen ciki yana ɗauke da ruwa. Domin girgizar da ke fitowa ta iska ta shiga ta cikin ruwa, dole ne su kasance masu ƙarfi.

Akwai wani abu mai matuƙar muhimmanci a kunnen tsakiya. Wato bututun Eustachian . Wannan ƙaramin bututu ne kawai da aka haɗa da bayan makogwaronmu. Shin kun taɓa jin kamar kunnuwanku suna ƙara lokacin da kuke hawa dutse ko kuna tashi a cikin jirgin sama, sannan kwatsam kuka farka da wani irin sautin 'danna'? Wannan shine abin da wannan bututun Eustachian yake yi a wancan lokacin. Idan muka buɗe bakinmu muka haɗiye, wannan bututun yana buɗewa kuma yana rufewa don daidaita matsin iska a ɓangarorin biyu na bututun kunne. A lokacin ne bututun kunne zai iya yin rawar jiki cikin 'yanci da kyau.

3. Kunnen Ciki: Inda ake mayar da sauti zuwa siginar lantarki

Takalma, a ƙarshen kunnen tsakiya, suna haɗuwa da wani ƙaramin gaba a cikin kunnen ciki wanda yayi kama da harsashin katantanwa. Ana kiransa cochlea . A ciki akwai wani ruwa na musamman da dubban sifofi masu kyau, masu kama da gashi da ake kira ƙwayoyin gashi .

Lokacin da raƙuman girgiza masu ƙarfi (`Vibrations`) daga kunnen tsakiya suka ratsa ta cikin ruwan da ke cikin cochlea, waɗannan ƙwayoyin gashi suna motsawa. Kamar lokacin da raƙuman ruwa suka ratsa ta cikin ruwa, tsire-tsire a cikin ruwa suna motsawa. Lokacin da waɗannan ƙwayoyin gashi suka motsa, wani abu mai ban mamaki yana faruwa: wannan girgizar injiniya (`Vibration na Injin`) ya zama siginar lantarki (`Siginar Wutar Lantarki` ko `Impulses na Jijiyoyi`)!

Kwayoyin gashi da ke cikin cochlea suna da matuƙar musamman. Suna zuwa da tsayi daban-daban, kamar maɓallan piano. Kamar yadda kowace maɓalli ke samar da sauti daban-daban, waɗannan ƙwayoyin gashi suma suna da saurin amsawa ga mita daban-daban. Wato, ƙungiya ɗaya tana amsawa ga sautunan sauti masu tsayi (kamar sautin ƙara) da kuma wata ƙungiya ga sautunan sauti masu ƙarancin sauti (kamar sautin ganga). Shin wannan ƙira ba ta da ban mamaki?

Baya ga ji, kunnen ciki yana da wani ɓangare da ke kula da daidaitonmu ('Tsarin Vestibular'). Amma tunda muna magana ne game da ji a yau, za mu yi magana dalla-dalla game da hakan daga baya.

Tafiyar sauti zuwa kwakwalwa da fahimtarsa

Yanzu muhimmin bangare ya zo. Siginar lantarki da waɗannan ƙwayoyin gashi ke samarwa suna zuwa kai tsaye zuwa kwakwalwarmu ta hanyar wata jijiya ta musamman da ake kira 'Auditory Nerve' . Kwakwalwa tana da cibiya ta musamman da aka keɓe don ji ('Auditory Cortex').

Kwakwalwa tana nazarin waɗannan siginar lantarki masu shigowa kuma tana ba mu ikon fahimtar abubuwa kamar, 'Kai, wannan muryar mahaifiyata ce,' 'Wannan ita ce waƙar da na fi so,' 'Akwai kare yana yin haushi a waje, ban sani ba ko akwai matsala.' Ka yi tunanin, duk wannan yana faruwa cikin ƙasa da daƙiƙa kaɗan, cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci!

Ba wai kawai ba, saboda muna da kunnuwa biyu, kwakwalwa kuma za ta iya gano inda sauti ke fitowa. Yana ƙayyade ko an ji sautin da ƙarfi kaɗan ko kuma ya ɗan yi laushi kaɗan a kunne ɗaya.

Me ya sa yake da muhimmanci mu ji?

Wannan ba wani abu bane mai ban mamaki da za a faɗi.

• Sadarwa: Muna sadarwa da wasu kuma muna fahimtar abin da suke faɗa ta hanyar sauraro.
• Koyo: Sauraro yana da mahimmanci yayin koyon wani sabon abu, ko a makaranta ko a wurin aiki.
• Jin Daɗi: Sauraron wata kyakkyawar waƙa tana sa ka farin ciki, jin daɗin tattaunawar da ake yi a fim, da kuma kwantar da hankalinka ta hanyar sauraron sautunan yanayi masu daɗi (tsuntsaye suna waƙa, ruwan ruwa) duk game da sauraro ne.
• Tsaro: Idan muka ji karar mota tana gabatowa yayin da muke kan hanya, za mu tsira daga hatsari, kuma idan akwai gobara a gidanmu, ana sanar da mu da sautin "Ararrawa ta Gobara". Duk wannan, lafiyar kunnuwanmu tana da matuƙar muhimmanci.

Yadda ake kula da kunnuwanku?

Muna buƙatar kula da kunnuwanmu, waɗanda suke da matuƙar daraja da rikitarwa, ko ba haka ba? Idan muka kula da ƙananan abubuwa, za mu iya kiyaye jinmu mai kyau na dogon lokaci.

• A guji ƙarar sauti mai ƙarfi: Bai da kyau a saurari kiɗa a babban sauti ko a saurari belun kunne a matsakaicin sauti na dogon lokaci . Idan kana aiki a wurare masu yawan amo, kamar masana'antu ko wuraren gini, ka sanya kariya daga kunne. Domin tsawon lokaci da ake shaƙar hayaniya mai ƙarfi na iya lalata ƙwayoyin gashi masu laushi da muka yi magana a kansu, wanda hakan ke haifar da asarar ji na dindindin.
• Kada ku sanya abubuwa a cikin kunnuwanku: Kada ku sanya abubuwa masu kaifi kamar sanduna, ƙusoshin auduga, maɓallai, ko fil a cikin kunnuwanku don tsaftace su. Yin hakan na iya ƙara tura kakin kunne ya shiga ciki kuma ya lalata hanyar kunne ko dutsen kunne. Kakin kunne yawanci yakan fito da kansa. Idan kuna da matsananciyar rashin jin daɗi ko jin kamar kunnenku ya toshe, ku nemi shawara daga likita.
• Ku kiyaye kunnuwanku a bushe: Wasu mutane na iya kamuwa da cututtuka (misali, Otitis Externa ko Swimmer's Ear) idan ruwa ya shiga kunnuwansu yayin wanka ko iyo. Ya fi kyau ga irin waɗannan mutane su yi amfani da abin toshe kunne. Bayan wanka, a hankali a goge kunnen da kuma ɓangaren waje da ke kewaye da kunnen a bar shi ya bushe.
• Ka kula da cututtukan kunne: Idan kana da ciwon kunne, ruwa yana fitowa daga kunnenka, rashin jin magana, ƙarar kunnenka akai-akai ('tinnitus'), ko jiri, kada ka yi watsi da su. Ka tuntubi likita nan da nan ka nemi magani. Wasu cututtukan kunne na tsakiya ('Otitis Media') na iya zama masu tsanani idan ba a yi maganinsu yadda ya kamata ba.
• Duba lafiyarka yadda ya kamata: Wasu cututtuka kamar Ciwon Suga da Hawan Jini na iya shafar ji. Haka kuma, wasu magunguna (maganin Ototoxic) na iya zama illa ga kunne. Saboda haka, idan kana da irin waɗannan cututtuka, ka kula da lafiyarka yadda ya kamata kuma ka bi umarnin likitanka.

A taƙaice (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

To, mun yi magana a kan abubuwa da yawa a yau, ko ba haka ba? A taƙaice dai, kunnuwanmu wani sashe ne mai matuƙar rikitarwa kuma mai aiki sosai.

Ana tattara raƙuman sauti ta kunnen waje, kunnen tsakiya yana ƙara girma, ana mayar da su zuwa siginar lantarki a cikin kunnen ciki, sannan a aika su zuwa kwakwalwa ta hanyar jijiyar ji. Ta haka muke gane, jin daɗi, da fahimtar sautuka daban-daban a wannan duniyar.

Wataƙila yanzu kun fahimci yadda wannan baiwar take da muhimmanci a gare mu a rayuwa. Saboda haka, ku kula da kunnuwanku ku kuma kare su. Domin kuwa, jin daɗi yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga rayuwa mai lafiya da farin ciki. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi game da wannan, kada ku ji tsoron yin magana da likita.

Kunne, Ji, da Tsarin Ji