Idan muka ji labarin ciwon nono, sai mu yi mamaki sosai. Kuma idan muka ji cewa mataki na huɗu ne, wato, ciwon ya bazu zuwa wasu sassan jiki, ya fi ban tsoro da kuma ɗaukar nauyi. Wannan yanayi ne mai matuƙar tsanani. Amma tare da wannan ci gaba a fannin likitanci, akwai magunguna da yawa da za a iya yi a wannan matakin, waɗanda za su iya taimakawa wajen shawo kan cutar da kuma tsawaita rayuwa. Don haka bari mu yi magana game da wannan a yau, don nemo amsoshi masu sauƙi ga tambayoyin da kuke da su a zuciya.
Menene ainihin Mataki na IV?
A taƙaice dai, mataki na 4 yana nufin cewa ƙwayoyin cutar kansa da suka fara a cikin nono sun bazu ta cikin jini ko jijiyoyin lymph zuwa wasu sassan jiki. Wannan yaduwar ana kiranta da 'Metastasis'. Wuraren da cutar kansa ta fi yawa a cikinsu su ne ƙasusuwa, kwakwalwa, huhu, ko hanta .
Abu mai mahimmanci a fahimta a nan shi ne, babban burin magani a wannan matakin ba shine a warkar da cutar gaba ɗaya ba, amma a kula da ci gaban cutar kansa, a rage alamunta, sannan a ba ta rayuwa mai kyau har tsawon lokacin da za ta yiwu. Wasu marasa lafiya suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru da yawa da wannan maganin. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci kada a firgita idan aka ji labarin wannan yiwuwar, amma a yi magana da likitanka a hankali game da zaɓuɓɓukan magani da ake da su.
Wadanne manyan magunguna ne ake da su?
A mataki na 4, saboda cutar kansa ta bazu zuwa wurare da yawa, yana da wuya a cimma sakamako mai kyau ta hanyar jiyya da ke kai hari ga wuri ɗaya kawai, kamar tiyata ko maganin radiation. Saboda haka, ana amfani da magungunan da ke shafar dukkan jiki.
Maganin Kemoterapi
Ciwon daji sau da yawa shine babban magani a wannan matakin. Yana aiki ta hanyar kashe ƙwayoyin cutar kansa da sauri da ke raba su. Wannan na iya rage girman ciwon daji. Ana ba da maganin chemotherapy ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Wani lokaci ana ba shi a matsayin kwayoyi, amma galibi ana ba shi ta hanyar jijiya (ta hanyar jijiya) .
Ba a yin wannan magani akai-akai. Yawanci ana yin sa a cikin zagaye da dama. Bayan an kammala zagaye ɗaya, ana ba wa jiki ɗan gajeren lokacin hutawa don ya murmure. Sai bayan haka ne zagaye na gaba zai fara.
Maganin Hormone
Wannan maganin bai dace da kowa ba. Ya fi tasiri ga mata masu fama da nau'in ciwon daji da ake kira hormone receptor-positive . Wannan yana nufin cewa hormones kamar estrogen a jikinsu suna ƙarfafa haɓakar ƙwayoyin ciwon daji. Ka yi tunanin hakan ta wannan hanyar: hormones suna kama da maɓalli, kuma receptor ɗin da ke kan ƙwayar ciwon daji yana kama da makulli. Idan ka saka makullin, makullin zai buɗe kuma ciwon daji zai girma.
To abin da waɗannan magungunan hormones ke yi shi ne ko dai su dakatar da samar da wannan makullin (hormone), ko kuma su toshe shi daga shiga cikin makullin. Manyan nau'ikan magunguna da aka bayar don wannan sune:
- "Tamoxifen"
- Masu hana Aromatase (ga mata bayan daina al'ada) - Misalan: Anastrozole (Arimidex), Exemestane (Aromasin)
- Magunguna kamar "Fulvestrant (Faslodex)" waɗanda ke toshe masu karɓar hormones.
A wasu lokutan, ana ba da shawarar cire ƙwayoyin mahaifa ta hanyar tiyata ga matan da ba su kai lokacin daina al'ada ba, domin hanya ce mai kyau ta dakatar da samar da hormones da ke taimakawa wajen haɓaka cutar kansa.
Maganin da aka Yi Niyya
Wannan magani ne mai matuƙar inganci. Maimakon lalata ƙwayoyin halitta masu lafiya kamar chemotherapy, yana kai hari ga takamaiman furotin ko kwayoyin halitta da ake samu a cikin ƙwayoyin cutar kansa kawai . Wannan yana haifar da ƙarancin illa.
Kimanin kashi 20% na mata masu fama da ciwon nono suna da sinadarin furotin da ake kira 'HER2' da yawa. Wannan yana sa ciwon ya bazu da sauri. Ga waɗannan cututtukan daji na 'HER2-positive', ana ba da magunguna kamar 'Trastuzumab (Herceptin)'. Yana hana furotin 'HER2' aiki kuma yana sarrafa ci gaban ƙwayoyin cutar kansa.
Ku tuna, mataki na huɗu ba yana nufin ƙarshen magani ba. Wannan lokaci ne da za a mai da hankali kan magungunan da ke taimakawa wajen shawo kan cutar da kuma kula da ingantacciyar rayuwa.
Bari mu kalli wasu nau'ikan hanyoyin magance matsalolin da aka yi niyya a cikin teburin da ke ƙasa.
| Nau'in maganin da aka yi niyya | Manufa da aiki | Sharuɗɗan amfani |
|---|---|---|
| Masu hana CDK4/6 | Yana toshe sunadaran da ake kira CDK kuma yana sarrafa rarraba ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. Misali: Palbociclib (Ibrance), Ribociclib (Kisqali) | Ga cututtukan daji masu karɓar hormone-positive da HER2-negative. |
| Masu hana PARP | Yana kai hari ga furotin na PARP, wanda ke taimaka wa ƙwayoyin cutar kansa girma. Misali: Olaparib (Lynparza) | Ga cututtukan daji da ke da HER2-negative kuma suna da maye gurbi na kwayar halittar BRCA. |
| Masu hana mTOR | Yana toshe furotin na mTOR kuma yana dakatar da girma da yaɗuwar ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. Misali: Everolimus (Afinitor) | Tare da maganin hormone don takamaiman nau'ikan ciwon daji. |
| Haɗin magungunan hana garkuwar jiki | Ana haɗa maganin chemo da wani maganin rigakafi, wanda ke kai maganin kai tsaye zuwa ƙwayar cutar kansa kuma yana lalata shi. Misali: Sacituzumab govitecan (Trodelvy) | Don ciwon nono mai tsanani. |
Maganin rigakafi
Wannan kuma magani ne mai matuƙar ci gaba. Maimakon bayar da magunguna daga waje don kashe ciwon daji, yana ƙarfafa garkuwar jikinka don nemo da lalata ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. Wasu ƙwayoyin cutar kansa sun san yadda ake ɓuya daga tsarin garkuwar jiki. Don haka waɗannan magungunan suna kashe waɗannan hanyoyin ɓuya kuma suna ba ƙwayoyin garkuwar jiki damar gane ciwon.
Tiyata da Radiation
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, ba a amfani da waɗannan a matsayin babban magani a wannan matakin ba. Duk da haka, idan akwai ciwo mai tsanani a wurin da ciwon daji ya yaɗu, misali a cikin ƙashi, ana ba da maganin radiation don magance ciwon da sauran alamu . Haka kuma, ana iya yin tiyata ne kawai idan ya zama dole don magance duk wata matsala.
Wasu muhimman abubuwa
- Maganin illa: Duk waɗannan magunguna na iya samun illa, kamar tashin zuciya, amai, da gajiya. Amma akwai magunguna da ake da su don magance su. Don haka gaya wa likitanka game da duk wani rashin jin daɗi da kake ji.
- Gwaje-gwajen Asibiti: Wani lokaci, za ku iya shiga cikin 'Gwaje-gwajen Asibiti', waɗanda ke gwada sabbin magunguna waɗanda ba a yi amfani da su sosai ba tukuna. Waɗannan na iya ba ku damar karɓar magunguna na zamani. Tambayi likitan ku game da wannan ma.
Wannan tafiya ba ta kai kaɗai ba ce. Iyalanka, abokanka, likitoci, ma'aikatan jinya, da kuma dukkan ƙungiyar likitoci suna tare da kai. Sami goyon bayansu. Ka raba ra'ayoyinka. Zai zama babban ƙarfi don shawo kan wannan mawuyacin lokaci.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Ciwon nono mataki na IV yana nufin cewa ciwon ya bazu zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
- Babban burin magani a wannan matakin ba shine a warkar da cutar gaba ɗaya ba, a'a, a shawo kan cutar kansa, a rage alamunta, a kuma tsawaita rayuwa da ingantacciyar rayuwa.
- Chemotherapy, maganin hormonal, maganin da aka yi niyya, da kuma immunotherapy su ne manyan hanyoyin magancewa.
- Likitan ku zai tantance mafi kyawun maganin da ya dace da ku dangane da yanayin ciwon daji (misali, HER2-positive ko hormone receptor-positive).
- Akwai kuma magunguna don magance illolin da magani ke haifarwa, don haka yi magana da likitanka game da duk wani rashin jin daɗi da ka iya fuskanta.
- Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a ci gaba da kasancewa mai ƙarfi a tunani da kuma neman goyon baya daga iyali da kuma ƙungiyar likitoci.











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