Ke ʻike nei ʻoe i nā kala i kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe? E aʻo kākou e pili ana i ka makapō kala ma ke ʻano maʻalahi!

Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe inā ʻokoʻa iki ke ʻano o kou ʻike ʻana i nā kala mai ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻana o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe iā lākou? A i ʻole he paʻakikī iki paha kāu keiki liʻiliʻi i ka ʻike ʻana i nā kala? Malia paha ke kumu o kēia, ʻo ia ka makapō kala, kahi kūlana i hiki ʻole ai i ke keiki ke hoʻokaʻawale pono i nā kala. He mea kēia i ʻike ʻia i waena o nā poʻe he nui.

He aha ka makapō kala?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka makapō kala, a i ʻole ka 'Color Vision Deficiency', ʻo ia ka wā hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kala e like me ke ʻano maʻamau o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Hana ʻia kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole hana pono nā ʻāpana nerve kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo 'cones' i loko o ko kākou mau maka. ʻIke ʻoe, ua like kēia mau ʻāpana cone me nā antennas liʻiliʻi e ʻohi ana i ka mālamalama e komo ana i ka maka a hoʻouna aku i ka lolo, ʻo ia ka mea e hiki ai iā mākou ke ʻike i nā kala.

ʻAʻole ʻike ka hapa nui o ka poʻe makapō kala i nā kala āpau. Aia kekahi poʻe e ʻike, akā he kakaikahi loa lākou. Hiki i ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ke ʻike i nā ʻano kala like ʻole, akā ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o kekahi mau kala ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hiki paha iā lākou ke paʻakikī i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kekahi mau kala a i ʻole nā ​​aka o nā kala.

No nā kānaka he nui, he mea kēia i hoʻoilina ʻia mai ko lākou mau mākua mai. ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o ka makapō kala ʻulaʻula-ʻōmaʻomaʻo i hoʻoili ʻia mai ka makuahine a i ke keiki. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi manawa, hiki i kēia ʻano ke ulu ma hope o ke ola ma muli o nā maʻi ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā ​​kumu ʻē aʻe.

Inā manaʻo ʻoe he maʻi kēia iā ʻoe a i ʻole kāu keiki, he mea nui e ʻike pono i ke ʻano o ia maʻi a me kona koʻikoʻi. No laila, e ʻike i kahi kauka maka a i ʻole kauka maka e kamaʻilio e pili ana.

No ke aha e hana ʻia ai kēia? He aha ka mea e hana ʻia ana i loko o ka maka? (He hoʻolauna pōkole i nā pūnaewele cone)

I mea e hoʻomaopopo ai i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka makapō kala, e aʻo mua kākou e pili ana i nā cell cone. E noʻonoʻo iā lākou e like me nā mea ʻike kala i loko o ko kākou mau maka. Aia lākou ma kahi ʻāpana o ko kākou mau maka i kapa ʻia ʻo ka retina.

ʻO ka maʻamau, loaʻa iā mākou āpau ʻekolu ʻano o nā cell cone i loko o ko mākou mau maka:

• Nā pūnaewele cone ʻulaʻula-koʻikoʻi (L cones): ʻO kēia nā mea e ʻike i nā nalu lōʻihi (ka ʻaoʻao ʻulaʻula o ke kukui).
• Nā pūnaewele cone ʻōmaʻomaʻo-koʻikoʻi (M cones): ʻIke kēia i nā nalu waena (ka ʻaoʻao ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ke kukui).
• Nā pūnaewele cone polū-koʻikoʻi (nā cone S): ʻIke kēia i nā nalu pōkole (ka ʻaoʻao polū o ke kukui).

Loaʻa i ka hapa nui o nā kānaka nā ʻano ʻekolu o nā cell cone, a hana pono lākou. Akā i loko o ke kanaka me ka makapō kala, ʻaʻole hana pono kekahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau cell cone. ʻO kēia ka manawa e loli ai ke ʻano o kā mākou ʻike ʻana i nā kala.

I kēia manawa, e nānā kākou i nā ʻano nui o ka ʻike kala e pili ana i ka nui o nā cell cone a pehea lākou e hana ai:

Inā ʻike pololei ʻoe i nā kala a pau (`Trichromacy`)

ʻO ke ʻano kēia, aia nā ʻano ʻekolu o nā cell cone i loko o kou mau maka, a ke hana pono nei lākou. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike maʻamau i nā kala āpau i ka spectrum kukui ʻike ʻia.He ʻike kala piha kēia.

He ʻokoʻa iki i kekahi mau kala (`Anomalous trichromacy`)

Maanei, loaʻa iā ʻoe nā ʻano ʻekolu o nā cell cone, akā ʻaʻole like kekahi ʻano me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke ʻohi i nā kala e pili ana iā ia. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike maʻamau i nā kala. Hiki i kekahi me kahi hemahema iki ke ʻike i nā kala māmā. Inā he ʻano koʻikoʻi iki, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kala ʻālohilohi a ʻeleʻele i nā ʻano like ʻole. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau ʻano kūlana he anomalies, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻike hapa ʻia lākou.

ʻO ka hiki ʻole ke ʻike i hoʻokahi kala (`Dichromacy`)

ʻO ka mea e hana ʻia, ua hānau ʻia ʻoe me ka ʻole o kekahi o nā ʻano ʻekolu o nā cell cone. No laila, loaʻa iā ʻoe ʻelua ʻano o nā cell cone (ʻo ka maʻamau he ʻulaʻula (L) a i ʻole ʻōmaʻomaʻo (M) cones, me nā cone S polū-sensitive). ʻIke ʻoe i ke ao nei ma nā kala wale nō e hiki ai i kēlā mau ʻano ʻelua o nā cell cone ke ʻike. He mea paʻakikī loa ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kala ʻeleʻele. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau ʻano kūlana he anopia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi kala.

Monochromacy (ʻaʻole ʻike iki i nā kala)

Maanei hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano o ke kelepona cone āu, a ʻaʻole paha e hana pono kekahi o nā kelepona cone. No laila, ua kaupalena loa ʻia kou hiki ke ʻike i nā kala, a ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e ʻike i kekahi kala, a he hina wale nō ke ao nei.

ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o ka makapō kala ʻulaʻula-ʻōmaʻomaʻo

ʻO kēia ke ʻano maʻamau o ka makapō kala. Hoʻopilikia ia i ke ʻano āu e ʻike ai i kekahi kala i hui pū ʻia me ka ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻEhā mau ʻano nui o kēia:

• Protanopia: Ma kēia kūlana, ua nalowale kāu mau cone L ʻulaʻula. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke kukui ʻulaʻula. ʻIke pinepine ʻoe i nā kala e like me nā aka o ka uliuli a i ʻole ke gula. Hiki ke huikau nā aka ʻulaʻula like ʻole me ka ʻeleʻele. Hiki ke huikau ʻia ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele me nā kala e like me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula, a me ka ʻalani.
• ʻO Deuteranopia: ʻO kēia kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai kāu mau cone M ʻōmaʻomaʻo-sensitive. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻIke nui ʻoe i ka uliuli a me ke gula. Hiki ke huikau kekahi mau aka o ka ʻulaʻula me nā aka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Hiki nō hoʻi ke huikau ka melemele me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā.
• Protanomaly: Loaʻa iā ʻoe nā ʻano ʻekolu o nā cell cone, akā ʻaʻole i like ka ʻike o nā cone L i ka ʻulaʻula. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻulaʻula ma ke ʻano he hina ʻeleʻele , a ʻo nā kala a pau i loaʻa ka ʻulaʻula e ʻike ʻole ʻia ka mālamalama.
• ʻO Deuteranomaly: Loaʻa iā ʻoe nā ʻano ʻekolu o nā cell cone, akā ʻaʻole i like ka ʻike o nā cone M i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻIke pinepine ʻoe i nā kala polū, melemele, a me nā kala palalulu.

ʻO `Protanopia` a me `Deuteranopia` he mau laʻana o ka `Dichromacy` i ʻōlelo mua ʻia (ka ʻike ʻole ʻana i hoʻokahi kala). ʻO `Protanomaly` a me `Deuteranomaly` he mau laʻana o ka `Anomalous trichromacy` (ʻokoʻa iki i kekahi mau kala).

Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke lohe i nā huaʻōlelo "protan" a me "deutan". He mau huaʻōlelo pōkole kēia i hoʻohana ʻia e wehewehe i ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā kala ʻulaʻula-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO "Deutan" e pili ana i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo (ua nāwaliwali a ʻaʻole paha kāu mau pūnaewele cone M ʻōmaʻomaʻo). ʻO "Protan" e pili ana i ka ʻulaʻula (ua nāwaliwali a ʻaʻole paha kāu mau pūnaewele cone L ʻulaʻula).

No ke aha e hana nui ai kēia i nā kāne?

ʻO kēia makapō kala ʻulaʻula-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka mea maʻamau i nā kāne. ʻO ke kumu o kēia, aia ke gene no kēia ma ka chromosome X. E like me kou ʻike, hoʻokahi chromosome X ko nā kāne, ʻoiai ʻelua chromosome X ko nā wahine. No laila, inā he gene kīnā ko ke kāne ma kēlā chromosome X hoʻokahi, e loaʻa iā ia kēia maʻi. Akā inā he kīnā ko ka wahine ma kekahi chromosome X, hiki ke lanakila ʻia e ka gene olakino ma kekahi chromosome X.

Makapō kala polū-melemele

ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka makapō kala polū-melemele (i kapa ʻia hoʻi he 'tritan defects') ma mua o ka makapō ʻulaʻula-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Aia kekahi ʻano ʻelua o kēia:

• Tritanopia: ʻAʻohe ou cone S e ʻike pono ana i ka polū. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka mālamalama polū. ʻIke nui ʻoe i ka ʻulaʻula, ka polū māmā, ka poni, a me ka lavender.
• Tritanomaly: Loaʻa iā ʻoe nā ʻano ʻekolu o nā cell cone, akā ʻaʻole i like ka naʻau o nā cone S i ka uliuli. ʻIke ʻia ka uliuli he ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a ʻo ka melemele paha he palupalu loa a ʻike ʻole ʻia paha.

ʻO kēia hiki ʻole ke ʻike i nā kala polū-melemele e pili like i nā kāne a me nā wahine.

Nā kūlana kakaikahi loa

E pili ana kēia i ʻelua ʻano makapō kala kakaʻikahi loa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻike pinepine ʻole ʻia.

ʻO nā pūnaewele cone polū wale nō ka hana (`Blue cone monochromacy`)

ʻO kēia ke ʻano kakaikahi loa. Maanei, ʻaʻohe ou mau cone L ʻulaʻula a ʻaʻole hoʻi nā cone M ʻōmaʻomaʻo e hana pono ana. Loaʻa iā ʻoe nā cone S polū wale nō. No laila, he mea paʻakikī loa ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kala, a ʻike pinepine ʻoe i nā aka o ka hina hina. Me kēia, hiki ke loaʻa nā pilikia maka ʻē aʻe e like me ka photophobia, nystagmus, a me ka ʻike maka kokoke.

ʻO ke kūlana o ka ʻike ʻole ʻana i kekahi mau kala (`Achromatopsia` a i ʻole `Rod monochromacy`)

ʻO Achromatopsia ka wā e nalowale ana nā hunaola cone āpau a i ʻole ka hapa nui o kāu mau hunaola cone, a i ʻole ʻaʻole lākou e hana pono. ʻIke ʻoe i nā mea āpau e like me nā aka o ka hina. Hiki i kēia ke hana i nā pilikia ʻike ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻopilikia nui i kou ʻano ola.

ʻO wai ka mea i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia e kēia maʻi? Pehea ka maʻamau o ia mea?

ʻO ka makapō kala hānau pinepine e pili ana i nā kāne. ʻO kēia no ka mea ua hoʻoilina ʻia ma ke ʻano genetic (i kapa ʻia ʻo 'X-linked recessive'). ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o kēia ʻano hoʻoilina i nā kāne.

Eia kekahi, hiki ke ulu aʻe kēia ʻano ma hope ma muli o kekahi mau maʻi, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​kumu o ke kaiapuni. Hiki ke hana i kēlā me kēia kanaka.

I kēia manawa, e nānā kākou pehea ka maʻamau o kēia.

Ma waena o ka poʻe o ka ʻEulopa ʻĀkau, hoʻopilikia ka makapō kala ʻulaʻula-ʻōmaʻomaʻo i kahi 1 i loko o 12 mau kāne a me 1 i loko o 200 mau wahine. ʻOkoʻa kēia mau helu ma muli o ka lāhui. Hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi he ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ke ʻano i waena o ka poʻe ʻEulopa.

No nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i maʻamau ʻole ʻia:

• ʻO ka hemahema o ke kala polū-melemele e pili ana i hoʻokahi i loko o 10,000 mau kānaka.
• ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻole ʻana i kekahi mau kala (ʻAchromatopsia) e pili ana i hoʻokahi i loko o 30,000 mau kānaka.
• Hoʻopilikia ka monochromacy cone polū i hoʻokahi wale nō i loko o 100,000 mau kānaka.

Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ma kahi o 300 miliona mau kānaka ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i loaʻa i kekahi ʻano o ka makapō kala (ʻo ka hapa nui he ʻulaʻula-ʻōmaʻomaʻo).

He aha nā kumu no ka hiki ʻole ke ʻike i nā kala?

Hiki ke hoʻoilina ʻia ka makapō kala a loaʻa paha ma hope o ke ola. He ʻokoʻa nā kumu no nā mea ʻelua.

Nā kumu hānau (mana hoʻoilina)

ʻO ka mutation i loko o kou mau genes ke kumu i hānau ʻia ai ʻoe me ka makapō kala.

ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o ka makapō kala ʻulaʻula-ʻōmaʻomaʻo i hoʻoilina ʻia ma o ka chromosome X ('X-linked recessive inheritance`). ʻO kēia ʻano maʻi hoʻoilina e pili pinepine i nā keikikāne a he mea kakaikahi ia i nā kaikamahine. Eia kahi ala maʻalahi e wehewehe ai pehea i hoʻoilina ʻia ai ka makapō kala ʻulaʻula-ʻōmaʻomaʻo:

No ke keiki kāne:

• Inā loaʻa kēia maʻi i ka makuahine, e hoʻoilina pū ke keiki iā ia.
• Inā he mea lawe ka makuahine (ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻokahi wale nō o nā chromosomes X o ka makuahine i loaʻa kēia kīnā genetic, a ʻo kekahi ua olakino, no laila ʻaʻohe hōʻailona o ka makuahine), he 50% ka manawa e loaʻa ai i ke keiki ke kūlana.
• Inā wale nō ka makuakāne i loaʻa i kēia maʻi, ʻaʻole e hoʻoilina ke keiki kāne iā ia. No ka mea, hāʻawi ka makuakāne i ka chromosome Y i nā keiki kāne, a me ka chromosome X i nā keiki wahine.

No ke kaikamahine:

• Inā loaʻa kēia maʻi i ka makuahine a me ka makuakāne, e hoʻoilina pū ke keiki iā ia.
• Inā loaʻa i ka makuakāne ke kūlana, akā ʻaʻohe o ka makuahine (ʻaʻole he mea lawe ka makuahine), e lilo ke keiki i mea lawe.
• Inā loaʻa ka makuakāne i ke kūlana a he mea lawe pū ka makuahine, he 50% ka manawa e loaʻa ai i ke keiki ke kūlana a i ʻole he 50% ka manawa e lilo ai i mea lawe.

Nā kumu i loaʻa

Nui nā kumu hiki ke loaʻa ka makapō kala (pinepine ka makapō kala polū-melemele) e ulu ana ma hope o ke ola. ʻO kēia mau mea:

• Ka ʻike ʻia ʻana i nā kemika e hōʻino i kou ʻōnaehana nerve. Eia kekahi laʻana, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik, nā hui mea hoʻoheheʻe, a me nā metala kaumaha.
• Ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i ka mālamalama i ka wā e kuʻihao ai.
• Kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau. Eia kekahi laʻana, he lāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo `hydroxychloroquine` (hāʻawi ʻia kēia no nā maʻi e like me ka rheumatoid arthritis).
• Nā maʻi maka. Nā laʻana: ka macular degeneration e pili ana i ka makahiki (AMD), glaucoma, a me nā cataracts.
• Nā maʻi e hoʻopilikia i kou lolo a i ʻole ka ʻōnaehana nerve. ʻO nā laʻana: Diabetes Mellitus, ka maʻi Alzheimer, a me ka Multiple Sclerosis (MS).

ʻO ka makapō kala e ulu ana ma hope o ke ola ʻana , ʻaʻole ia he mea maʻamau ma mua o ka mea i loaʻa i ka wā hānau.

He aha nā hōʻailona o kēia? Pehea ʻoe e ʻike ai?

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau mea, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kekahi ʻano o ka makapō kala:

• Ke paʻakikī i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana i kekahi mau kala a i ʻole nā ​​aka o nā kala.
• He loli i ke ʻano o ka ʻōlinolino o kekahi mau kala.

Akā, no ka ʻike ʻana i kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​pono ʻoe e ʻike he pono ʻoe e ʻimi iā lākou. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻaʻole ʻike ka poʻe me ka makapō kala e pili ana i ia mea no ka mea ua ʻike mau lākou i nā kala ma ke ʻano like. No laila, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike he ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o kā lākou ʻike ʻana i nā kala.

ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui loa ka nānā pono ʻana i nā maka o kāu keiki a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka makapō kala ma mua o ko lākou hoʻomaka ʻana i ke kula. No ka mea, hoʻohana ʻia nā kala i nā hoʻokolohua a me nā haʻawina he nui ma ke kula. Hiki i nā keiki e ʻike i nā kala ʻokoʻa ke loaʻa ka manawa paʻakikī me kēia mau mea. I ka pololei, ke kaha ʻoe i kahi mea hewa i ka ʻulaʻula a me kahi mea pololei i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hiki ke paʻakikī i kahi keiki hiki ʻole ke haʻi i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mea ʻelua ke hoʻomaopopo i kā lākou hana hewa a me kā lākou hana pololei, ʻeā?

Pehea e ʻike ai ke kauka i kēia? (E pili ana i ka `hoʻāʻo ʻIshihara`)

Hoʻohana nā kauka maka i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua e ʻike ai i ka makapō kala.

ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻIshihara ka hoʻāʻo maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike i ka makapō kala ʻulaʻula-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ma kēia hoʻāʻo, hōʻike ke kauka iā ʻoe i kahi moʻo o nā "papa kala." Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia papa kahi ʻano o nā kiko liʻiliʻi. Hūnā ʻia ma waena o nā kiko kahi helu (he ʻano no nā keiki ʻōpio). Pono ʻoe e ʻōlelo i kāu mea e ʻike ai ma kēlā me kēia papa. ʻIke wale ʻia nā helu ma kekahi mau papa i ka poʻe me ka ʻike kala piha. ʻIke wale ʻia nā papa ʻē aʻe i ka poʻe me ka makapō kala. ʻAʻole anei he mea kupaianaha?

Ma muli o nā hopena o ka hoʻāʻo ʻIshihara, e haʻi aku kāu kauka iā ʻoe inā pono ka hoʻāʻo hou aʻe a me nā mea ʻē aʻe āu e pono ai e hana e ʻike pono ai i ke ʻano o ia ʻano.

Inā he kānalua iki kou e loaʻa ana paha iā ʻoe a i ʻole kāu keiki ka makapō kala,E ʻike koke i ke kauka maka a e nānā i kou mau maka. Mai poina e haʻi i ke kauka i kou manaʻo.

I ka makahiki hea e pono ai kaʻu keiki e hana i kēia hoʻokolohua?

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻōlelo ʻia nā hoʻāʻo ʻike kala no nā keiki 4 makahiki a ʻoi. I ka makahiki 4, hiki i ka hapa nui o nā keiki ke pane i nā nīnau e pili ana i kā lākou mea e ʻike ai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokolokolo maka piha mua o kāu keiki ma mua loa, malia paha ma mua o ko lākou lā hānau mua.

He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau no kēia?

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau a lāʻau lapaʻau paha i kēia manawa no ka makapō kala hānau. Eia nō naʻe, inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe ke ʻano, e mālama kāu kauka i ke kumu kumu a hoʻoponopono paha i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka mea e pono ai. Hiki paha i kēia ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kou ʻike kala.

Ua lohe paha ʻoe i nā aniani kūikawā no ka poʻe me ka makapō kala. Hiki i kēia mau aniani ke kōkua i ka poʻe me nā ʻano ʻano trichromacy anomalous (kahi kūlana kahi i ʻokoʻa iki ai kekahi mau kala) e ʻike maopopo i nā kala. Hoʻonui kēia mau aniani i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kala, e ʻike nui ʻia ai e ka poʻe me ka makapō kala. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau aniani ke ʻike i nā kala hou, a ʻaʻole lākou he lāʻau lapaʻau no kēia kūlana, ʻaʻole hoʻi lākou e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia me kāu mau cell cone. ʻOkoʻa nā hopena mai kēlā kanaka a kēia kanaka.

Inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo ana e hoʻohana i ia mau aniani, e kamaʻilio mua me ke kauka maka e ʻike inā he ʻokoʻa maoli ia nou.

Hiki paha ke pale aku i kēia kūlana a hoʻemi i ka pilikia?

ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke pale aku i ka ulu ʻana o ka makapō kala i ka wā hānau. Eia nō naʻe, hiki paha iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi i kou pilikia o ka ulu ʻana o ka makapō kala ma hope o ke ola. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono ʻoe e ʻike i ke kauka ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki e nānā i kou olakino a ʻike i nā mea e pili ana i kou pilikia no ka ulu ʻana o kēia maʻi ʻike kala. Eia kekahi mau nīnau hiki iā ʻoe ke nīnau:

• Aia kekahi pilikia e hiki ʻole iaʻu ke ʻike i nā kala ma muli o koʻu maʻi i kēia manawa?
• Hiki paha i kēia kūlana ke kumu ʻia e kekahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau aʻu e lawe nei?
• Aia kekahi pilikia o kēia ma muli o nā kemika a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻē aʻe ma kaʻu wahi hana?
• He aha kaʻu e hana ai e hōʻemi i kēia pilikia?

Inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kala, he aha kāu e manaʻo ai?

ʻAʻole paha he hopena nui ka makapō kala i kou ola, ʻoiai inā he ʻano akahai kou maʻi. Akā inā he koʻikoʻi loa ia, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopilikia i kāu hana, kula, a i ʻole ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā. No laila he mea nui e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka maka e pili ana i kou maʻi a me nā mea e manaʻo ai i ka wā e hiki mai ana.Inā loaʻa kēia maʻi i kāu keiki, e nīnau pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kōkua iā ia me nā hana kula.

E hoʻopilikia anei kēia i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ke keiki?

Aia kekahi mau ʻoihana i hiki ke paʻakikī a weliweli paha no kekahi me ka makapō kala. Eia kekahi laʻana, nā ʻoihana e like me ka uila, ka pailota, ka mea hoʻolālā lole, a i ʻole ka mea pena kiʻi . Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke alakaʻi i kāu keiki i nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole pono ka ʻike kala. Hiki iā ʻoe ke nīnau i ke kākāʻōlelo alakaʻi a kāu keiki a i ʻole nā ​​kumu ma ke kula e pili ana i kēia.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe a i ʻole kāu keiki kēia maʻi, pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaʻalahi i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā?

Hiki ke kōkua nui ke kamaʻilio ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe me kēia maʻi, a i ʻole nā ​​mākua o nā keiki me kēia maʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke kaʻana like i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a me nā ʻike me ʻoe e kōkua iā ʻoe i kou ola o kēlā me kēia lā. Eia kekahi mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo:

• I ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea e like me nā lole a i ʻole ka pena hale , e lawe mai i kahi hoaaloha i ʻike maikaʻi i nā kala (he "hoa kala") e kōkua iā ʻoe.
• E hoʻomanaʻo i ke kaʻina o nā kala i nā mea e like me nā kukui uila (e like me ka ʻulaʻula ma luna, ʻalani/melemele ma waena, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma lalo).
• E hoʻouka i nā polokalamu ma kāu kelepona e kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike i nā kala o nā mea a puni ʻoe.

Āhea wau e ʻike ai i ke kauka?

He mea nui loa kēia mau mea no ke olakino o kou mau maka, a me kou olakino holoʻokoʻa:

• E ʻike i kāu kauka ʻohana ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki.
• E ʻike i ke kauka maka a i ʻole ophthalmologist ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki.

E haʻi aku kāu mau kauka iā ʻoe inā pono ʻoe e hele pinepine mai a i ʻole inā pono ʻoe e hana i nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, pono wau e ʻōlelo ...

Hiki i ka makapō kala ke ʻano mai ka ʻoluʻolu a i ka ʻoluʻolu, a ʻoi aku ka maʻamau ma mua o kou manaʻo. Hiki i kahi hemahema ʻoluʻolu ke loaʻa ka hopena koʻikoʻi i ke ola o kekahi. Akā inā ke pale nei ia iā ʻoe mai ka hoʻokō ʻana i kāu mau pahuhopu, he mea maopopo ke kaumaha a me ka hoʻonāukiuki.

Akā e hoʻomanaʻo, ʻaʻole ʻoe hoʻokahi. ʻIke nā miliona o ka poʻe a puni ka honua i nā kala ma ke ʻano ʻokoʻa ma mua o ka mea maʻamau. ʻO ka launa pū ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i kēia maʻi a me ke aʻo ʻana mai ko lākou mau ʻike e hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka ʻike a me ke kākoʻo ma o nā kaiāulu pūnaewele no ka poʻe me ka makapō kala.

Inā loaʻa kēia maʻi i kāu keiki, e kamaʻilio me kā lākou kauka maka e pili ana i nā loli e hiki ke kōkua iā lākou ma ke kula. He mea nui hoʻi e kamaʻilio me nā kumu a kāu keiki e pili ana i kēia a pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kākoʻo maikaʻi i kā lākou aʻo ʻana.

Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike hou aku e pili ana i kēia, mai makaʻu e nīnau i ke kauka. E noho olakino!

Makapō kala , makapō kala, ʻike maka o nā keiki, nā maʻi maka, nā maʻi hoʻoilina, nā pūnaewele cone